"Whoever wins the peasants will win China, and whoever can solve the land problem will win the peasants. This is a sentence that *** said during the Yan'an period when he met with American journalists**.
Looking back at China's more than 2,000 years of feudal history, the social structure with the small peasant economy as the main body appears to be very stable from the outside, but there are huge hidden dangers inside, and once the class contradictions become irreconcilable, the whole society will fall apart. The essence of the class contradiction is nothing more than the bureaucratic class's desire to possess land, which leads to the peasants' insatiable demand for land.
Any revolutionary in history has more or less had a heart for solving the land question. From the Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprisings in the last years of the Qin Dynasty to the "** Tianmu System" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom at the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the limitations of various factors, the solution of the land problem has always faced multiple resistances, and the failure to implement the land reform system from beginning to end is also one of the main reasons why it is difficult to succeed in all previous peasant uprisings.
In 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, and China's more than 2,000-year-old feudal society came to an end. Faced with the problem of "land" of the century, Sun Yat-sen put forward the concept of "equal land rights".
The specific measure is that private land is valued and reported by the landlord, and the state collects taxes from the landlord according to the land price. In order to prevent landlords from deliberately lowering ** and thus evading paying taxes, the state has the right to buy land according to **. For those tenants who did not have land, the state would give them land, so that "the tiller had his land". During the Northern Expedition, in order to win the support of the peasants, the Kuomintang adopted the "Recent Political Program," which stipulated a 25 percent reduction in the rent of tenants' fields, thereby reducing the peasants' burdens. However, in the early days of the Kuomintang leadership of the Chinese Revolution, it relied too much on the support of the landlord class, thus ignoring the power of the peasant group, and Sun Yat-sen's policy of land reform was actually a relatively moderate reformist program, which wanted not to touch the interests of the landlord class and to curry favor with the peasants as much as possible. Attempts to solve the land problem bypassing class contradictions are inherently flawed, and the so-called agrarian reform policy cannot be carried out without the elimination of exploitation. 
Although the land reform plan has huge drawbacks, it is undeniable that Sun Yat-sen made efforts to solve China's land problem. After Sun Yat-sen's death, Chiang Kai-shek used various means to suppress the "left-wing" people in the party, and finally monopolized the power of the Kuomintang.
After the Central Plains War and the Chiang-Gui War, Chiang Kai-shek nominally became the supreme ruler of China, but the warlords in various places enjoyed a great deal of autonomy, and these warlords had to rely on the local nobles and gentry in order to maintain their own power. The warlords in various places have become local emperors, and the excessive concentration of power will inevitably lead to the corruption of officialdom, and the bureaucracy has only one way to grab more profits - to exploit the peasants. In contrast to the moderate reformism of the Kuomintang, our party advocated the adoption of class struggle to solve the land question. Speaking of our party's land reform policy, it can be traced back to the Jinggangshan period at the earliest. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the demands of the people, **'s footprints traveled all over Luoxiao Mountain, "Chinese peasants in the past dynasties, under the feudal economic exploitation and feudal political oppression, lived a poor and difficult slave life. * In one sentence, it expresses the current situation of Chinese peasants. 
At the end of 1928, the workers, peasants and soldiers on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi promulgated the "Jinggangshan Land Law", although the full text of the "Jinggangshan Land Law" is only more than 1,500 words, but it affirmed the right of peasants to obtain land by revolutionary means in the form of law for the first time, which is the first land law in Chinese history from the perspective of peasant interests.
After the promulgation of the Jinggangshan Land Law, the cries of "fighting local tyrants and dividing up the land" in the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area rose one after another, and under the leadership of our party, the peasants rose up one after another to fight for their own rights and interests. When the peasants have land, they are full of hope for life, and the land reform policy in the Jinggangshan period was very fully implemented, and the land reform policy helped our party lay a solid mass foundation. As more and more peasants got rid of the exploitation of the landlords, the peasants saw more and more clearly who were friends and who were enemies. In order to save more of the suffering people, many peasants joined the ranks of the Red Army. Although they carried guns, it did not mean that they had put down their hoes, and in addition to daily training, the Red Army would also work with the peasants, which undoubtedly deepened the relationship between the military and the people. In the Yan'an period, the land reform policy also persisted, under the strict blockade of the Kuomintang, the base area was scarce, the army and the people worked together to tide over the difficulties, and the first cadres and farmers went to work in the fields to become a beautiful scenery in Yan'an. ** Ren Bishi and others even ran a vegetable garden in their own residence, basically achieving self-sufficiency. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party launched the second cooperation, and in order to jointly fight against the Japanese invaders, our party suspended the pace of "fighting local tyrants and dividing the land". It was not until the outbreak of the Liberation War in 1946 that the land reform movement was launched again. 
Take the Northeast as an example, from 1945 when Japan just surrendered, ** sent ** to lead 110,000 troops out of the customs, the troops confiscated the land occupied by the Japanese puppet in the Northeast, and distributed the land to the peasants.
In 1946, the "May Fourth Directive" was issued, and the land reform movement in Northeast China reached a climax, but the land reform movement was obstructed by the Kuomintang, and the situation faced by the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army was very difficult. In order to support the land reform policy, the peasants actively participated in the Northeast Democratic Alliance. As Gao Gang said: "When the Kuomintang bourgeoisie annexed the peasants' land, we took it back and returned it to the peasants, and it was strange that the peasants did not follow us." As long as the problem of the Chinese revolution is to solve the sufferings of the peasants, the peasants are the main force of the Chinese revolution, and the Chinese revolution can only be victorious if the proletariat forms an alliance with the peasants. During the Jinzhou Campaign, the surrounding people took the initiative to send rations to our army's positions, and the PLA would not disappoint the support of the masses. **When he led his troops back to Guannai to participate in the Pingjin Campaign, the people of the Northeast were greeted by the road. 
This phenomenon not only appeared in the northeast, during the Huaihai Campaign, our army fought against the Kuomintang 800,000 with 600,000, not only did not have an advantage in numbers, but the gap in equipment was also very large, but a total of millions of people used small carts and flat shoulders to send supplies to the front line, ** once said: "The victory of the Huaihai Battle was pushed out by the masses with small carts. ”
In the early days of the Liberation War, the Kuomintang had a total armed force of about 4 million people, but most of the soldiers were also peasants, who were exploited by the landlords since childhood, and were forced to join the Kuomintang by life. In the later stage of the Liberation War, in order to replenish the soldiers, the Kuomintang even sent troops to the village to arrest the strong men, and many people were inexplicably put onto trucks when they were still working in the fields, and they didn't even have time to say goodbye to their families. When they learned from the letter that their hometown had undergone land reform, and the family had their own land, they broke away one after another. On the battlefield, there are even cases where the muzzle of the gun is directly turned to the warlord's team. Throughout the Liberation War, about 2.8 million ** surrendered to the PLA, including more than 1,000 generals, such as Lu Han, Deng Xihou, Kong Congzhou, Tao Zhiyue, etc. 
After the founding of New China, land reform was promoted nationwide, and all peasants finally got out of the sea of suffering, although China was not rich at that time, but the joy on their faces during the harvest was very real.
The main reason why Chiang Kai-shek ended in failure and our party succeeded was that Chiang Kai-shek did not think about the problem from the perspective of the vast number of peasants from the very beginning.