What is the medicinal value of Atractylodes atractylodes?
Atractylodes anructylodes chinensis (DC.).Koidz is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family, and its dried rhizome is one of the basic plants of Atractylodes atractylodes in the current edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Also known as spearhead (Northeast, Northwest and Inner Mongolia), Atractylodes atractylodes (Ningxia), Atractylodes atractylodes (Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai), Atractylodes atractylodes (Hebei, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai) and so on. The rhizomes of Atractylodes atractylodes contain volatile oil, starch, etc., and the main components in the oil are atractylodes, atractylodes, atractylodes, and cladeol. It has the effects of dryness, dampness and spleen, dispelling wind, dissipating cold, and brightening the eyes. It is used for abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema, beriberi, rheumatism, rheumatism, cold, finch night blindness and other diseases. Atractylodes atractylodes oil has an in vitro inhibitory effect on esophageal cancer cells, which can make cells fall off, nuclear condensation, condensed chromogenesis, and cells with no differentiation or very little differentiation. Atractylodes extract (containing Atractylodes polysaccharides) has a strong hypoglycemic effect. In addition to medicinal use, the root contains starch to make wine, and volatile oil can extract aromatic oil. Atractylodes atractylodes powder can be used as a feed additive to make livestock and poultry robust and produce high eggs. Atractylodes atractylodes is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and other provinces and regions.
How to choose and prepare the land for planting Atractylodes atractylodes?
Northern Atractylodes prefers cool climates and is wild on the slopes of mountains, shrubs and grasses. The soil can be planted in general, but loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam is better. After selecting the land, apply 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, turn it deep 20-25cm after applying evenly, and make it 1 wide and level2m, 15cm high, 10-20m long high furrow. It can also be ridged and planted.
What are the main reproduction methods of Atractylodes atractylodes?
1) seed propagation generally adopts the method of raising seedlings, seedlings in the first half of April, the seedbed should be selected to the sun, watered thoroughly before sowing, sowing after water infiltration, strip sowing or sowing, strip sowing row spacing 20 25cm, sowing amount per mu 4 5kg, ditch depth 3cm, uniform sowing, covering soil 2 3cm after sowing, slightly suppressed, covered with a layer of grass. Water frequently to maintain soil moisture, remove the cover grass after the emergence of seedlings, and remove the dense seedlings when the seedling height is 3cm. When the seedling height is 10cm, it can be transplanted and planted. Choose rainy days or evenings according to the row spacing of 25cm, plant spacing of 10cm, ditch planting, soil covering and watering, transplanting survival rate is high. or transplant in autumn after the plant has withered and before the soil freezes.
2) Dividing propagation In autumn, when the aboveground part withers, dig out the old seedlings with roots, shake off the soil, cut off the old roots and process them for medicinal purposes, and then cut the rhizomes longitudinally into small pieces, with 1 3 buds in each small piece, and then plant them in the field, with a row spacing of 24cm and a plant spacing of 15cm.
How to carry out field management in Atractylodes?
Attention should be paid to weeding at the seedling stage, such as in case of dry weather, timely irrigation, it is best to combine top dressing, and top dressing can also be carried out while cultivating soil. In the summer of the year of planting, it is necessary to properly top dressing or top dressing outside the roots to promote growth and grow flower stems early. In the future, urea should be applied every year.
How to prevent and control the disease of Atractylodes atractylodes?
The main diseases of Atractylodes atractylodes are soft rot, black spot disease, white silk disease, etc., and the following measures are mostly used in green production, control and disaster reduction of vegetables, melons and fruits, tea, etc.
1) Soft rot.
Pathogens and symptoms: often caused by a mixture of fungi and bacteria. Soft rot caused by bacteria is often foul-smelled due to the accompanying decomposition of protein glue by miscellaneous bacteria to produce indole;The soft rot caused by the fungus Rhizopus niger has gray-black mold on the surface of the diseased tissue, which is the sporangia and sporangia of the fungus. The lesions are flaky, and the petiole expands upwards and decays.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: choose disease-resistant varieties. Sow early at the right time. Choose well-drained plots of land without standing water for planting. Avoid heavy cropping. Sporadic soft rot plants found in the field should be immediately uprooted and taken out of the field for destruction, and the diseased holes should be sprinkled with quicklime or pesticides for disinfection. The use of biological inoculants and bio-organic fertilizers can improve the soil aggregate structure, antagonize harmful bacteria, and enhance the ability of plants to resist disease and stress.
Biological control: It is expected to start before the onset of the disease, use 1000 times of 23% oligosaccharide allicin microemulsion, or 1000 times of 80% allicin emulsifiable concentrate, 30 billion grams of Bacillus cereus wettable powder 2500 times, 2% chunleimycin water 500 times liquid spray or root irrigation. Take the drug once every 7 days. 2 3 times in a row.
Scientific drug prevention and control: early drug prevention and treatment at the appropriate time, mainly to prevent and control bacteria, and treat fungi and comprehensive harm control. It is estimated that 5 7 days before the onset of the disease, protective damage control can be used, 80% oxytetracycline hydrochloride wettable powder 1000 times, or 33 oligosaccharide quinoline copper suspension 1500 times, or 25 copper ammonia aqueous 500 times (or 80 allicin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, 12 copper pinein emulsifiable concentrate 800 times, 30 succinate copper wettable powder 800 times, 38 oxapyroxystrobin 800 times) 600 times of aqueous solution (or 6% 24 epirugin oligosaccharide aqueous solution 1000 times) spray or irrigate roots, you can also use 38 oxalyxazole 800 times liquid (30 oxanine 8 azoxystrobin) 1000 times solution, or 40 chunlei thiazolezinc (5 chunleimycin 35 thiazolezinc) suspension 3000 times liquid spray or root irrigation, with the use of precise medication. Depending on the condition, the drug should be taken once every 7 days. After the mild onset of the disease, the drug is taken once every 3 to 5 days, and the number of sprays depends on the condition. It is recommended to demonstrate and verify the effect of spraying or irrigating roots with 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder 1000 times and 800 times of island pigment.
2) Melanoma.
Pathogens and symptoms: Caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi. It is manifested as black patchy lesions on leaves, petioles, young fruits, etc. There are two common symptoms: reddish-brown to purple-brown dots appear on the leaf surface at the beginning of the disease, which gradually expand into round or amorphous dark black lesions, often with yellow halos around the lesions, radial edges, and lesions with a diameter of 3-15 mm. In the later stage, small black spots are scattered on the lesions. In severe cases, the lower leaves of the plant are yellow, and the leaves fall early, causing the death of individual branches. Brown to dark brown nearly round or irregularly shaped whorls appear on the leaves, on which black mold grows, and in severe cases, the leaves fall early, affecting growth.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: Severe disease plants can be removed and destroyed during the onset period. In the early stage of the disease, the conditional hand should be sprinkled with 100kg of grass ash per mu with morning dew. Remove stagnant water in time during the rainy season.
Prevention and treatment with medication: It is expected that preventive damage control will start 5 to 7 days before the onset of the disease, and it can be sprayed evenly with 500 times of 42% oligosaccharide sulfur suspension or 500 times of 25% copper ammonia aqueous solution + 600 liquid of aqueous (5% amino-oligosaccharide) (or 6% 24 table oligosaccharide aqueous solution 1000 times of liquid solution), which has high safety, enhances the stress resistance of planting pants, and strengthens the tree. When the new leaves are unfolded, spray protection plus **, can be sprayed evenly with 27% oligosaccharide pyraclostrobin aqueous emulsion 1000 liquid or 23 aminoazoxystrobin suspension 800 times + 80% allicin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, or 48 benzylazoxystrobin suspension 1000 times aqueous 800 times, or 75 oxime tebuconazole water dispersible granules No. 2000 liquid 80% allicin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times. It is recommended that chemical agents (fungicides, bactericides) be mixed with 800 1000 times of plant resistance agent Insin to increase efficacy and safety protection ability, strengthen the body, and improve plant disease resistance and stress resistance. Depending on the condition, grasp the number of medications, spray 1 time in 7 10 days, generally spray about 3 times in a row, and other prevention and control methods and drug selection techniques refer to soft rot.
3) White silk disease.
Pathogens and symptoms: It belongs to the subphylum Semi-Knowitives, Filosporidae, Anasporidae, Adonsporidae, and Sclerotinia fungi. It usually occurs at the rhizome or base of the plant. The cortex of the susceptible rhizome gradually turns brown necrosis and severe cortical decay. After the plant is damaged, the aboveground leaves become smaller and yellow, the internodes of the branches are shortened, and the branches and leaves wither in severe cases, and the whole plant will die after a week of diseased spots. Under wet conditions, the surface of the affected rhizome or the surface of the soil near the ground is covered with white filamentous mycelium. In the later stage, many small sclerotia of rapeseed-like sclerotia are formed in the mycelium, which are white at first, then gradually turn to Australian yellow to yellow-brown, and then turn brown. The hyphae gradually extend downwards to the roots, causing root rot. Sometimes the leaves can also be susceptible, and the striated brown lesions appear on the diseased leaves, and small sclerotia grow on the lesions. The fungus overwinters in the soil and can also survive on plants or diseased remains. Under suitable conditions, it directly infringes on the stem base and root loading near the ground. Later, the mycelium spreads along the crevices into the ground and harms neighboring plants. Sclerotinia spreads with water flow and diseased soil. The pathogen is really high temperature (30-35), humid and aerated low-nitrogen sandy loam soil. Therefore, from early June to early August, when the weather is sunny and rainy, the growth of the main surface is closed and closed, which is conducive to the occurrence and development of the disease.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: can be rotated with gramineous crops. If the diseased plant is found, the soil will be moved out of the field (shed) and buried or burned. Targeted selection and promotion of the use of biological fungi and bio-organic fertilizers can improve the soil aggregate structure, antagonize harmful bacteria, enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants, and greatly enhance the healthy yield increase potential of plants.
Scientific drug prevention and treatment: early drug prevention and treatment at the appropriate time, it is expected that before the onset of the disease or immediately after the initial symptoms of drug prevention and treatment, you can use 24 stopamide suspension 600 times, or 42 oligosaccharides and sulfur suspension 500 times, or 25% copper ammonia water 500 times or 47% Chunlei Wang copper (2% Chunleimycin + 45 copper oxychloride) wettable powder 800 times or Bacillus cereus 30 billion bacteria g wettable powder 2500 times liquid + island (5% amino-oligosaccharide) water 600 Doubling liquid (or 6% 24 epirupine oligosaccharide aqueous agent 1000 times liquid) irrigates the rhizome or stem base, which is safe, enhances the plant's ability to resist stress, and strengthens the tree. It can also be used to irrigate the rhizome or stem base with 1000 times of 27% oligosaccharide pyraclostrobin aqueous emulsion, or 1000 times of 48 benzylazrobin suspension or 2000 times of 75% fatobacterial tebuconazole water dispersible granules + 800 times of island pigment. Depending on the condition, the number of doses is determined, usually once every 10 days. It is recommended to demonstrate and verify the effect of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid soluble powder 1000 times liquid and 800 times liquid of aqueous solution to make medicinal soil to apply to the rhizome or irrigate the rhizome or stem base.
How to control the insect pest of Atractylodes atractylodes?
The main pests of Atractylodes atractylodes are aphids, tigers, etc., and the following measures are mostly adopted in the green production, pest control and mitigation of vegetables, melons and fruits, tea, etc.
1) Aphids. Pest: belonging to the order Homoptera, the family Aphids. Aphid swarms suck leaves and tender tips with piercing and sucking mouthparts, causing deformed growth of plants, causing leaf shrinkage and curl, affecting growth, and even withering and stopping growth in severe cases, resulting in extinction.
Prevention and control methods. Physical control: large-scale yellow plate trapping, winged aphid can be used in the first commercial yellow plate on the market;Hang 30 40 blocks per mu.
Biological control: When the amount of aphids is small in the early stage, natural enemies such as ladybugs are protected and used for natural control. In the early stage of wingless aphids, use 03. Matrine emulsion 800 1000 times liquid, or tobacco water 50 times liquid spray control.
Scientific drug prevention and control: give priority to the use of 10% pyridyl ether emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times, or 25 thiazinone wettable powder 2000 times liquid prevention and control, to maximize the protection of natural enemy resources and media insects. Other agents can be used 925% dipropionatec can be sprayed with 15,000 times of dispersible liquid agent, and the drug is used in rotation. Refer to other medications and prevention methods"Aphid s"。
2) Small ground tigers.
Pest: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae. The larvae of the small ground tiger mainly eat the rhizomes, which affects the growth and development of the plant, and in severe cases, causes the yield of Atractylodes atractylodes to be reduced.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: check the seedlings in the early morning, and when the seedlings are found to be damaged or broken, the topsoil near them is picked up to catch the larvae. Physical control: During the active period before the adult spawns, use sweet and sour solution (sugar: vinegar: wine: water 6:3:1:10) in the field to trap and kill, and place 5 6 pots per mu. Large-scale implementation of light trapping of adults before laying eggs.
Biological control: Sexual attractants are used to trap males before mating.
Scientific drug control: larvae should be treated with poisonous bait or poisonous soil trapping and sprinkler irrigation in a timely manner at a young age. Poison bait trapping: 05kg, add 8 10kg of water, spray on the fried 40kg cottonseed cake or wheat iron to cut into poisonous bait, and sprinkle around the seedlings in the evening. Poisonous soil trapping: 05kg, 20kg of fine soil mix well, and sprinkle along the ridge near the rhizosphere of the seedlings. Sprinkler irrigation control, sprinkler irrigation with 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension 1000 times solution or 50% phosphine octathion EC 1000 times solution to control larvae. For other medicines and prevention methods, please refer to "Yam Tiger.""。
How to harvest and primary processing Atractylodes atractylodes?
Atractylodes atractylodes can be harvested in spring and autumn, but the quality of seedlings is better in late autumn or spring before unearthing. After digging, remove the stems, leaves and soil, and knock off the fibrous roots when they are dry until they are four or five percent dry, that is, they are brownThen dry until six or seven percent dry, hit the second time;After most of the old skin is knocked off, it is hit a third time when it is completely dry, until the epidermis is yellowish-brown.