How did King Pedro III of Aragon reclaim his wife s kingdom of Sicily?

Mondo Entertainment Updated on 2024-01-30

As mentioned earlier, Charles, Duke of Anjou, with the support of the Pope, defeated Manfredi, the Sicilian king of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, and his uncle and nephew, Conradin, and seized the throne of Sicily, called Carlo I. Manfredi's wife and children were imprisoned, and his three sons were blinded.

But Manfredi's late only daughter, Costanza, married to Aragon as the crown princess, and of course was not caught in the net. Therefore, the Huo family was unwilling, so they found Pedro, the prince of Aragon, his aunt.

Pedro fought in the war against the Moors at a young age with his father, King Jaime I, and had great military experience. In 1275, he surrounded and killed his rebellious illegitimate brother Fernando. When he got married, it was this younger brother who talked about it and testified about it. Of course, his father is still there, and this is not his own idea to be an older brother.

Kayi killed his own princess's maiden family, and intended to get involved in Tunisia, which was attached to Aragon, and Haiyi held back the fire in his belly.

In 1276, Haiyi died and Pedro succeeded him as Pedro IIIIn the same year, the couple were crowned in Zaragoza, and the deceased princess Costanza became the new queen.

As soon as he ascended the throne, Pesan continued his father's pacification of Valencia. But he had been too aggressive in his previous counterinsurgency, and Catalonia did not buy it, and a rebellion broke out, saying that he had not convened the Catalan parliament when he ascended the throne. It was not until 1280 that Pesan completed the siege of Balaguer and put down the rebellion, and several of the leaders were imprisoned for one to four years.

During this period, because after the death of the Tunisian emir Mohammed I, who was originally returned to Shunhaiyi in 1277, Tunisia turned around and did not admit it. So in 1280, Pesan sent an army to Tunisia;In 1281, he prepared to invade Tunisia with a fleet of 140 ships and 15,000 men. In 1282, the fleet landed at Kolo, present-day Algeria.

It was here that the Aragon fleet received the order from the queen's fellow countrymen: Uncle, we need you!

It turned out that not long ago, when the Sicilians were participating in the Easter celebrations, a group of legal ** and officials joined in and began to drink. During this time, a marrial officer named Druiet pulled a married young woman out of the crowd and assaulted her in public, so her husband attacked and killed her with a knife. A group of mages tried to take revenge, but were killed by all the locals in the crowd. At this moment, bells rang all around – the bells of evening prayers rang in churches all over Palermo, the capital of Sicily.

Since coming to power, he and his French team have suppressed rebellions with an iron fist, imposed heavy taxes on people of non-French descent, and moved the capital of Sicily from Palermo to Naples. Since the execution of Conradin, the Pope has been resentful and jealous of him, but he has to support him against Byzantium. Once the Kayi United Pope went to war against Byzantium, the Sicilians were stripped of several layers of skin.

As it turned out, the effect of Kayi's rule over Sicily was apparently limited, and the killing of the French was unstoppable throughout Sicily, and temporary communes were set up everywhere to manage affairs, forming a federation of city-states. Only Messina remained loyal to Casa on the island, but it was also taken, and Cassina's fleet was burned.

In six weeks, almost 4,000 French were killed.

Before 1277, when Nicolas III was elected pope, Pesan and his wife had seen hope, but Nisan died quickly and reigned for less than three years. The newly elected Pope, Mardin IV, came down and expressed his dissupport for the Sicilians.

Not only did Pei San stop fighting Tunisia, but Ka Yi didn't participate in the crusade anymore, and it was important to fight. As soon as Ka besieged Messina, Pesan landed in Trapani to save him, and Ka Yi had no choice but to retreat. The Sicilians welcomed Pesan as the new king. Kayi lost Sicily and could only make Naples the capital on the mainland. Therefore, later generations also called the government of Kayi the Kingdom of Naples.

The Pope deposed Peis.

By 1283, Pesan had taken control of most of Calabria's coastline. Seeing that he could not beat him at a glance, he wrote a letter proposing a private duel to determine the winner, and Pesan agreed, and it was scheduled to be held in Bordeaux, occupied by England, with King Edward I of England deciding the winner. But the Pope persuaded the British king not to intervene.

Pei San returned to China and rushed to Bordeaux, in order to avoid being plotted, he also disguised himself.

By this time, however, the Maltese had also rebelled against Caryi, and Manfredi's younger brother, Corrado I, Count of Caltanissetta, personally took Aragon's army to help and surrounded the defenders in an ancient castle. Because the previous fleet was heavily damaged, Kayi could only reorganize the fleet to rescue, so he rushed from Bordeaux to Provence, and the duel was not resolved. Although his fleet bypassed the Strait of Messina, three light reconnaissance ships were intercepted, resulting in a lack of intelligence.

At that time, the Catalan Admiral Lauria of Ruggiero led a powerful navy to sweep the seas of Calabria on behalf of Pesan. He learned from the fishing boat that the enemy was coming, and he was ready for battle. This was the Battle of Malta. The previous two battles of Messina and Nicotra were won by the Aragonese navy.

Drawing on the tactics of the Genoese navy, Ruggiero ordered his ships to be connected with heavy chains, preventing enemy ships from entering positions and firing crossbow arrows at the enemyThe formation was also modified so that his ships were separated and there was space to deploy oars, thus allowing his fleet to move forward as a unit. With such an arrangement, the crew was stunned.

Although it was true that there were more troops, they underestimated the number of the Aragonese army because of the misintelligence. Their Provençal knights had an advantage over the heavy infantry.

As soon as dawn came, the two armies collided. At noon, the army's crossbow arrows ran out, and the situation became one-sided.

3,500 men were killed, 860 men and 10 ships were captured, and 2 ships were scuttled while fleeing, more than half damaged. Ruggiero sent an envoy to report the victory, saying that the prisoners were enough and that there was no need for any more rewards.

Ruggiero arrived in Malta and was welcomed, leaving 200 men to defend the castle and besiege the enemy forces in the castle, but had no choice but to give up because there were no siege equipment. The Maltese gave him a lot of jewels, and he set out to attack Gozo, who did the same and gave him the jewels, albeit at a discount compared to Malta.

The Aragon navy landed all over Sicily, and it was celebrated all over Sicily.

The Aragon fleet continued its voyage to the north, and after demonstrating near Naples and attacking the adjacent coast, Ruggiero attacked and stationed the islands of Capri and Ischia.

In 1284, Kayi reorganized 200 ships, while Ruggiero had only 40-50, and the advantage was mine. However, the ** team was scattered, and Ruggiero decided to take advantage of its unstable foothold to attack the fleet in the Gulf of Naples under the personal command of the Neapolitan prince Carlo Jr.

Ruggiero led his fleet to raid the southern coast of Italy, hoping to force Carlo the Younger to engage. Carlo Jr. received orders from his father that a new fleet of 30 sailing ships would set sail from Marseille, so that he could not engage the Argentine army for the time being. And Ruggiero also knew that the enemy's reinforcements were coming, so he ordered the fleet to sail into the Bay of Naples, leave 10 ships at the sea fort of Stabia, about 20 kilometers away from Naples, and then lead 20 capital ships to the port of Naples to take up positions outside the breakwater. Fearing a blockade, Carlo Jr. saw that the enemy had only 20 ships and 28 of his own, and decided to attack.

Ruggiero ordered a retreat south to Stabia. The army had no experience, thinking that the Afghan army was really defeated, and chased after it. During the pursuit, the sailors of the army were tired and the formation began to loosen, but the Afghan army was still in order, and the 10 ships that had been hidden also joined the battle. The army did not expect that the Afghan army would turn back to fight, some of the rear teams fled directly, and little Carlo suddenly fell into a disadvantage, 10 ships were captured, his flagship sank, and he himself was captured.

Napoli even rioted itself because of this defeat. And Ruggiero has other unexpected gains, rescuing Manfredi's youngest daughter, Beatrice, who is Koji's only half-sister.

This person was unlucky, and even the prince and hostages in the capital could be taken away.

Cayi led his army south to besiege the city of Reggio, sending a fleet to blockade Messina and distract Ruggiero at the same time. However, the siege failed due to a storm, and Ruggiero broke through, forcing the army to retreat, and then attacking the army's supply lines all the way, forcing it to retreat to Foggia and retaining control of the sea.

Seeing that Kayi can't rescue his heir. When Carlo the Younger was taken to Messina, the Sicilian crowd was furious and demanded that he pay for Conradin's life. But although the Queen of Sicily, Koji, is Conradin's cousin, she intends to save little Carlo's life and imprison him in Cefalù Castle as protection, and I don't know if she has no special feelings for Conradin, or if she feels that her father should not repay her debts, or intends to negotiate with Ka on terms. Carlo Jr. also has some young sons, and killing Carlo Jr. will not leave Kayi without a successor.

In 1285, Kayi died of depression. At this time, however, Naples still had a formidable fleet;The war in Italy soon came to an end, as Pesan faced a new threat from the Aragonese Crusaders. Both sides have also borne a huge financial burden as a result of the war.

Because in 1284, the Pope made Charles, Count of Valois, the son of King Philip III of France, the nephew of Kayi, the king of Aragon, and wanted to make Pess the third backyard**. Vabber's late mother, Queen Isabel, was the younger sister of Pesan, and Pesan's younger brother, King Ma, also formed an alliance with the King of France because of this relationship. In other words, the Pope is provoking his nephew to fight his uncle.

Pei San did not delay diplomacy, and signed a contract with Castile, the eldest daughter married to Portugal as the queen, and the eldest son married the princess of England, and the relationship was not good with the brother-in-law's family in France. At first, he wanted to pressure his brother-in-law to make Phosan the king of France and force his uncle Kayi to hand over Sicily, but to no avail.

In the same year, Mardin IV died, and although Pésan thwarted the crusade against him, he also died. It was a coincidence that the three monarchs associated with the struggle for the throne of Sicily died in the same year.

Pesan was called Pietro I in Sicily, and after his death his eldest son Alfonso succeeded to the throne of Aragon and was called Alfonso III;The second son, Jaime, succeeded to the throne of Sicily and was called Giacomo I.

Keji did not continue to be the queen of Sicily with her son, but also went to the convent, where he died in 1302.

Later, Naples exchanged Carlo the Younger for the three sons of the younger at the same price, that is, Carlo II, which is not stated in this article.

And Aragon and Sicily, even before the second Ke Er's death, were ** again.

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