King Zhao dared to go to war with Qin, but he did not realize that the war had been elevated to a strategic level. From King Zhao's point of view, this may be just one of the battles of the past few hundred years. However, in the history of the Warring States period, there are not many battles that can be regarded as turning points. Considering the political environment at the time, King Zhao's judgment of the Shangdang battlefield may have been nothing more than an ordinary war.
Two years before the start of the war, the Zhao kingdom did not carry out a large-scale grain operation. In the early days, King Zhao may have regarded the war as an ordinary battle. However, the Qin state took key measures in these two years of preparation, including the settlement of the problem of regimental rations. Perhaps from the very beginning, the Qin king saw Shangdang as an excuse to attack Zhao rather than an actual goal. The focus of the campaign was still the elimination of Zhao, and this can be inferred from the signs of Qin's grain stockpiles before the battle. In addition, the combination of the discord meter and the change of generals is also another corroboration.
First of all, the Changping War was dominated by Qin and Zhao, and the other five countries watched from the sidelines. This is a three-way game. The Qin State mobilized the elite of the whole country to Changping, resulting in the waste of cultivated land in the country. As an attacker, the Qin army must have a longer supply line and consume more heavy grain and grass. In the process of confrontation, once the Qin army runs out of food, the remaining five countries will definitely join forces to attack Qin. Therefore, it was inevitable that the Qin army would retreat when there was relatively abundant food and grass. Secondly, the state of Qin poured out the country and tried to pull the national fortunes of the state of Zhao. However, Lian Po made several attempts to fight Qin Jun in the early stage, and the results showed that Zhao Guo's winning rate in this gamble was no more than 40%, or even lower. Therefore, Lian Po chose to clear the wilderness and not gamble with the Qin State. This is undoubtedly the best choice, as long as it is delayed before the spring ploughing next year, the Qin army will inevitably retreat.
Zhao Kuo took a series of actions in the Battle of Changping. First of all, he removed a number of generals from the Lian Po period. Then, he changed Lian Po's strategy of clearing the wilderness, and personally led 450,000 main forces to pour out of the nest. In the case of the Qin army's surprise defeat, he did not organize the army to break through at the first time, but chose to stick to it and wait for help. It was not until forty-six days after the siege that the breakout began. Some generals may have difficulty understanding Zhao Kuo's military decisions. Zhao Kuo can completely emulate Lian Po, withstand the pressure of King Zhao, and stick to it. Even if you choose to take the initiative, you can't just come out of the nest. When the Qin army's surprise army was broken, Zhao Kuo should be light and simple, and launch a breakthrough as soon as possible, and the probability of success is quite large. However, Zhao Kuo chose to stick to the rescue, which led to the final defeat.
Some people argue about who is more vulnerable, Zhao Kuo or Ma Tan, and in fact needs to be compared with Lian Po and Wang Ping. Zhao Kuo's mission was to defeat the Qin army, which could be said to be Zhao's decisive Great Patriotic War. However, the biggest problem facing Zhao Kuo was not the offensive of the Qin army, but the fact that the Zhao army was already running out of supplies. Even the defense of the city advocated by Lian Po is difficult to solve the problem of the shortage of grain and grass in Zhao State. Therefore, Zhao Kuo's choice to attack was actually a military gamble. In the situation at that time, there may be a glimmer of hope for a gamble, but if you don't bet, you will really lose.
In contrast, Ma Yan's task was to guard the street pavilion and assist Zhuge Liang in his Northern Expedition. The problems he faced were the offensive of the Wei army and Sima Yi's rich combat experience. Zhuge Liang has thought carefully for Ma Yan, and only let him defend. Wang Ping, who assisted Ma Tan, also implemented the correct strategy and once advised Ma Tan. However, Ma Tan didn't listen, sought bitter results, and finally lost to Sima Yi. Maybe when Sima Yi came to the street pavilion, his heart was happy.
Overall, Zhao Kuo lost in a difficult situation, and it was a miracle to win in this situation, and it was common sense to lose. Military gambling is not uncommon and is a normal operation. Although it is a pity that Zhao Kuo's military gamble failed, it is not unusual. Ma Tan, on the other hand, lost on ordinary difficulty, which surprised Zhuge Liang. Zhao Kuo's ability should be higher than Ma Jian to some extent.
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the decisions and actions of the two generals, Zhao Kuo and Ma Tan, in the Battle of Changping, and shows the similarities and differences between the two battles through a comparison between the two. In an objective and calm tone, the article analyzes Zhao Kuo's military decision-making in the face of the dilemma and Ma Tan's choice in the street pavilion resistance battle, and presents the dilemmas and challenges faced by the two generals in the complex war environment through historical events.
First of all, through the analysis of Zhao Kuo's campaign decisions, the article points out that he chose the strategy of holding on to the siege of the Qin army. The author mentions that Zhao Kuo may have had a wiser choice, such as Lian Po's approach to clearing the wilderness, or to be light and quick to break through after the Qin army's surprise attack. This kind of military analysis makes one wonder whether Zhao Kuo had a more reasonable choice under the circumstances, and whether other generals might have made a more informed decision.
Secondly, for Ma Tan's blocking battle, the article also mentioned that he chose not to follow Zhuge Liang's advice and insisted on the decision to block. The author believes that this is one of the reasons why Ma Jian lost to Sima Yi. The article takes a more neutral attitude towards Ma Tan's decision-making and does not criticize too much, but through Zhuge Liang's suggestion, it emphasizes that Ma Tan's decision-making may not be the best choice. This makes people wonder whether leaders should listen more to the advice of their advisors in military decision-making, and whether temporary stubbornness leads to failure.
Through the analysis of historical events, the whole article shows the choices faced by the two generals, Zhao Kuo and Ma Tan, in the war, and the possible consequences of these choices. Through an objective point of view, the reader will be able to better understand the war environment and the pressure on the generals at that time. However, the article does not dwell too much on the historical background and specific details of the war, perhaps to highlight the focus on the decisions of Zhao Kuo and Ma Tan, but a richer historical background may provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding.
Overall, this commentary** provides readers with a deep reflection on the choices made by the two generals in their predicaments through an in-depth analysis of the decisions made by Zhao Kuo and Ma Jian in historical battles. By comparing the actions of the two, the article provokes people to think deeply about whether the choices and decisions of leaders are wise under pressure.
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