In the autumn of 1982, the Japanese right-wingers compiled a history textbook, A New History of Japan, which was approved by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Culture.
After this news broke, it immediately aroused the alarm in China.
An old man in his 70s was originally recuperating in Qingdao, but on the day he heard the news, he hurried back to Beijing, and soon after, the old man wrote an article entitled "Beware of the Logic of Militarism" and published it publicly.
After this article was written, this old Chinese man immediately attracted the attention of the Japanese right-wingers, and the two sides set off a war of scolding, but on matters related to the dignity of the country and the nation, an old man in his 70s devoted all his energy to the extremely baptistic style of writing, and the Japanese right-wingers who were scolded could not raise their heads.
Many Japanese right-wingers are curious, who is this sharp-tongued Chinese old man?
In fact, at that time, many younger Chinese were not very familiar with this old man, and only some older generations knew it, and when they saw the three words "Hu Qiaomu" written under the article, they couldn't help but smile:
"It is worthy of being a 'pen' who has been following *** for more than 20 years!”Hu Qiaomu, **Secretary also!
In the history of the Communist Party of China, there are actually two "arbors", one of which is Hu Qiaomu.
Hu Qiaomu was actually the name he changed after he arrived in Yan'an, and his original name was originally Hu Dingxin.
On June 1, 1912, Hu Dingxin was born in Yancheng, Jiangsu, from the moment he was born, his father had high expectations for him, and the word "Dingxin" in his name was taken from the idiom "Revolution Dingxin".
FigHu Qiaomu.
The year Hu Dingxin was born, which happened to be the second year after the Xinhai Revolution, overthrowing the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the country was in ruins, so the name Hu Dingxin not only represents a father's expectations for his son, but also an expectation for social reform.
Unfortunately, although the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty, it did not bring real prosperity and strength to the Chinese people.
When he was a teenager, Hu Dingxin was very smart, with outstanding academic Xi, and studied at Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University successively, but it was from this time that Hu Dingxin accepted the influence of revolutionary ideasAt the end of 1930, Hu Dingxin joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and gradually joined the revolution.
In the autumn of 1932, Hu Dingxin returned to his hometown of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province from Beiping, and joined the Communist Party of China after being introduced by Ji Yinggen, then secretary of the Yanfu Special Committee of the Communist Party of China (later ** defection) and Liu Biyu (then member of the Organization Committee of the Yancheng County Committee of the Communist Party of China).
Because of his frequent participation in the revolutionary movement, Hu Dingxin was later expelled from Zhejiang University.
In July 1937, under the arrangement of Feng Xuefeng, Hu Dingxin went to Yan'an with the help of the organization.
The first thing after arriving in Yan'an, Hu Dingxin changed his name to Hu Qiaomu.
Changing the name was not uncommon for some energetic intellectuals at that time, and this move meant a kind of separation from the old self and a new life.
It is said that the word "arbor" in Hu Qiaomu is taken from the two sentences in the "Book of Songs: Logging", "from the valley, moving to the arbor", which means "towering, upright tree".
And that's not all,Hu Qiaomu also mobilized his wife Li Guiying to change her name to "Gu Yu", which means a bird that flies out of the mountains and lands on a high branch, which is used to describe his wife marrying him as an "arbor".
FigQiao Guanhua.
It's just that when Hu Qiaomu came up with this name, he didn't expect that there would be someone using it later.
This person is Qiao Guanhua.
Interestingly, Qiao Guanhua and Hu Qiaomu are both from Yancheng, Jiangsu, and they were admitted to Tsinghua University almost before and after, and they also had good friendships in their early years.
Unlike Hu Qiaomu, who actively participated in the revolution in his early years, Qiao Guanhua later went abroad to study, and did not return to Hong Kong until the spring of 1938, where he actively participated in the anti-Japanese salvation movement.
At that time, Qiao Guanhua was the editor-in-chief of the "Evening News" sponsored by Yu Hanmou in Hong Kong, and published political opinions, because the "Evening News" was a newspaper run by the Kuomintang authorities, and it was inconvenient for Qiao Guanhua to use his real name to comment, so he gave himself the pen name "Qiao Mu", he thought that "he was tall and very thin, similar to a tall tree."
One of the two "arbors" published an article in Hong Kong and the other in Yan'an, and they did not consult each other, which led to a problem, people could not figure out which one was which, and there were many jokes.
On May 15, 1995, Hu Qiaomu's daughter Hu Muying told a joke in an interview.
Hu Qiaomu's sister Hu Wenxin was working in the White District at the time, and later happened to see Qiao Guanhua's article published in Hong Kong under the name of "Qiaomu", and thought that his brother Hu Qiaomu had arrived in Hong Kong, so he wrote a letter home.
It is conceivable that Qiao Guanhua was confused when he received this letter:
When will I have an extra sister coming out?”
FigHu Qiaomu.
It wasn't until later that Hu Qiaomu and Qiao Guanhua figured out the problem.
In order to distinguish the convenience, the people of the time called Qiao Guanhua "South Qiao", and Hu Qiaomu "North Qiao".
In fact, the dispute between South Qiao and North Qiao has not ended, but has continued in another way.
At the beginning of February 1941, Wang Ruofei, then the first secretary general of the Communist Party of China, suddenly came to Hu Qiaomu.
Wang Ruofei came to talk to Hu Qiaomu on behalf of **
"Qiao Mu, there is a shortage of manpower there, and I asked you to do secretarial work by name, and at the same time serve as the secretary of the Politburo. ”When Hu Qiaomu heard this, he was immediately taken aback, because he had never dealt with *** before, at most, he had met a few times in public. Because he had never had experience as a secretary, and he was doing work for ***, Hu Qiaomu seemed very worried, and he said to Wang Ruofei very frankly
"To be a secretary for ***, I'm afraid it won't be good. I've never been a secretary, so I don't have any experience”It was still under Wang Ruofei's persuasion that Hu Qiaomu reluctantly agreed. And it was also from Wang Ruofei's mouth that Hu Qiaomu found out that ** had noticed him as early as two years ago.
In 1939, Hu Qiaomu published an article "Ideological Problems in the Youth Movement" in "Chinese Youth", which was appreciated after reading it, and later after the secretary Zhou Xiaozhou was transferred, he naturally thought of Hu Qiaomu.
However, Hu Qiaomu did have little work experience as a secretary, and he was at a loss for a long time, until the second half of 1940, when he was proofreading the proofs of the manuscript "Since the Sixth National Congress", Hu Qiaomu took the initiative to step forward and said:
"Chairman, I'll do this. ”I was stunned for a moment, but I still handed over the manuscript to Hu Qiaomu for proofreading.
"You've got the right mission!”
Fig** With Hu Qiaomu.
It should be said that it was also from proofreading the manuscript of "Since the Sixth National Congress" that I saw Hu Qiaomu's writing skills for the first time.
Strictly speaking, although Hu Qiaomu joined the party early, after all, he is not clear enough about the party's past history, and the manuscript of "Since the Sixth National Congress" is to summarize the experience and lessons of the Communist Party of China since the Sixth National Congress, and the time span is more than ten years, and the historical documents involved during this period have reached more than 500 pieces and more than 2.8 million words.
But almost in a short period of time, Hu Qiaomu sorted out the clues, not only satisfied those who knew the history of the party, but even those who did not know the history of the party could have a certain degree of understanding of the past experience of the Communist Party of China after reading the manuscript.
It was also from this proofreading task that Hu Qiaomu was praised by ***.
On June 22, 1941, the Soviet-German War broke out, and after the news came out, it not only caused a shock to the world, but also had a far-reaching impact on China, which was engaged in the War of Resistance Against Japan. **At that time, I also planned to write a weighty article to boost the enthusiasm of the Chinese people for the Anti-Japanese War.
One night, ** deliberately called Hu Qiaomu to his side:
"You write an editorial for "Liberation **", and the title is "Su will win, Germany will lose"!Let me start with my thoughts for your reference. ”This is the first time that Hu Qiaomu has been given a writing task.
Strictly speaking, propositional composition is not easy to write, especially if this is still the first topic, it must not only have its own style, but also must conform to the central idea of ***.
But Hu Qiaomu's performance still made *** feel satisfied.
In just one hour, Hu Qiaomu handed in a sample.
Hu Qiaomu felt uneasy in his heart, for fear that he would be dissatisfied, but in fact, after reading his article, he didn't say a word, just made a slight revision, and published it publicly.
We all know that *** has strict requirements for manuscripts, and now I can not be criticized, for Hu Qiaomu, it is almost like praise.
For Hu Qiaomu, ** is obviously satisfied, otherwise he would not have kept him by his side, although Hu Qiaomu's position has changed again and again, but the identity of the secretary has never changed, which is somewhat similar to another political secretary Chen Boda.
Hu Qiaomu's talent is indeed far beyond the reach of others, Yang Shangkun recalled many years later
Back then, *** even used "rely on arbors, have food to eat" to joke about his accumulation and talent. ”After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, Hu Qiaomu went to Chongqing to negotiate, in the office of the Eighth Route Army in Chongqing, Hu Qiaomu and Qiao Guanhua met.
**After seeing Hu Qiaomu and Qiao Guanhua (note: called Qiaomu at the time), he also joked:
"I came to an arbor (press: referring to Hu Qiaomu), and there is another arbor here (press: referring to Qiao Guanhua), which can't be called Big Qiao and Xiao Qiao, just called South Qiao and North Qiao ......
FigHu Qiaomu.
**Although he jokingly said that the two of them "the dispute between South Qiao and North Qiao", they did not intervene in it at first, Qiao Guanhua and Hu Qiaomu were both in Chongqing at that time, and they both published articles in the name of Qiao Mu, so friends in the press persuaded them that it was better for one of the two of you to give up his name.
But Hu Qiaomu and Qiao Guanhua refused to let anyone.
Qiao Guanhua boasted that he was 1.8 meters tall, like a tall tree, and insisted on refusing to replace the name of the arbor, while Hu Qiaomu was also "-for-tat", not only moving out of the "Book of Songs" to compare himself, but also boasting that he used the name of the arbor to publish articles as early as 1935.
Moreover, Hu Qiaomu also moved out of his wife Li Guiying (who had changed her name to Gu Yu at that time):
"When I married Li Guiying in Yan'an in July 1938, even her name was changed to 'Gu Yu'. The valley feather, the bird that 'comes out of the valley and moves to the arbor'. You say, should I, the 'arbor' that was 'registered' earlier, use this name?”Until *** returned to Yan'an later, there was no result in this "South Qiao and North Qiao" dispute.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Qiao Guanhua was transferred to ** and served as the deputy director of the General Office of the Government Council and the director of the International Information Bureau under the General Administration of Publication of the Government Council, while Hu Qiaomu served as the director of the General Administration of Publication of the Government Council.
In order to resolve the dispute between the two, ** specially brought the two together.
FigOn November 1, 1951, Hu Qiaomu stood up and spoke at the closing meeting of the Third Session of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
**First ask "Nan Qiao" Qiao Guanhua:
What was your original name?”
Qiao Guanhua replied:
Qiao Guanhua. *Nodding:
Your name is very good, and you will keep your original surname in the future, and you will be called Qiao Guanhua. ”
Immediately after, ** turned his head to Hu Qiaomu and said:
As for "Beiqiao", your original surname was Hu, you can restore the surname Hu, and you will be called "Hu Qiaomu" in the future. ”
In a simple sentence, it has successfully resolved the disputes between South Qiao and North Qiao for many years, and this hand of ** can be called clever.
However, according to Hu Feng's recollection in 1977, it was not until 1950 that he met Qiao Guanhua and asked him if he had given up the name of "arbor", Qiao Guanhua said that he had not.
In fact, the dispute between "Erqiao" is far older than that of the two parties.
In the 80s, Chen Zishan and Wang Zili were compiling the manuscript "Memories of Yu Dafu", and accidentally came across a ** in the 40s, which had images of "Qiao Mu" and overseas Chinese businessmen Hu Wenhu and Yu Dafu, but the "Qiao Mu" on it was not clear whether it was Hu Qiaomu or Qiao Guanhua, so they had to ask Qiao Guanhua for advice.
Qiao Guanhua lay on the sickbed and explained to the two:
"The person on the ** provided by Mr. Hu Romancy is me, not Comrade Hu Qiaomu'......During the entire Anti-Japanese War, the current Comrade Hu Qiaomu did not work in South China or overseas, and at that time he was in Yan'an, and he also wrote articles under the pseudonym of Qiao Mu, so he was confused. ”is also because of the trust and reuse of the best, Hu Qiaomu's status has risen.
In 1956, at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hu Qiaomu was elected as a member of the first committee and served as an alternate secretary.
FigOn September 10, 1985, Hu Qiaomu (left) visited Peking University on China's first Teacher's Day, accompanied by Ding Shisun (right).
However, because of the long-term work by the side of ***, Hu Qiaomu's mental pressure is obviously also very great, after all, as a secretary, his pen work will never allow him to make any mistakes, and maintaining such a working mode for a long time has also led to Hu Qiaomu's neurasthenia The problem is becoming more and more serious.
In May 1961, after attending the Beijing Conference, Hu Qiaomu asked for leave from ***, who presided over the work, and ** agreed to Hu Qiaomu's leave report and instructed him:
"You have a good rest. ”Although Hu Qiaomu is still the political secretary of ***, in fact, since this time, he has left ***'s side and has never returned. In June 1966, Hu Qiaomu recuperated in Hangzhou, and met with *** by chance, although he had not seen him for many years, Hu Qiaomu had a lot to say to ***, but because he suddenly saw *** and his thoughts were confused for a while, and the words he was originally prepared did not say a word.
Until parting, ** also instructed:
"You go back to Beijing, talk less, see more, understand the situation more. ”It's a pity that this became the last time Hu Qiaomu saw ***, although *** later intended to visit Hu Qiaomu, but by mistake, the two failed to meet again, which also became Hu Qiaomu's eternal regret.
Despite being recuperating for a long time, Hu Qiaomu still did a lot of work.
Fig** With Hu Qiaomu.
In 1975, Hu Qiaomu served as the head of the Political Research Office and assisted in the rectification work.
On December 18, 1978, at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hu Qiaomu was elected as a member of the first committee and was responsible for drafting the communiqué of the plenary session.
In September 1982, at the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hu Qiaomu was re-elected as a member of the first committee, and was elected as a member of the Politburo at the first plenary session of the 12th Central Committee.
Until his old age, Hu Qiaomu was still shining for the construction of the motherland.
In the autumn of 1982, a textbook compiled by Japanese right-wingers that distorted history was published publicly, attracting attention at home and abroad.
As an old man who had personally experienced the Anti-Japanese War, Hu Qiaomu was very angry and immediately called his secretary Li Hong, who was still in Beijing, and forwarded his opinion to **.
Be sure to raise the solemn **!
* Hu Qiaomu's opinion was adopted, solemn representations were made through diplomatic channels, and the visit to China by Japanese Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, and Culture was cancelled.
Ignoring his advanced age, Hu Qiaomu hurried back to Beijing and wrote an article refuting the views of the Japanese right-wing forces.
At the same time, Hu Qiaomu also realized that the only way to make the shameless remarks of the Japanese right-wing forces disappear is to compile our own historical works.
In the same year, it was decided to set up a party history working group under ***, and Hu Qiaomu was one of the members.
Fig**Hu Qiaomu (right), deputy head of the Party History Work Leading Group, with Xiao Xian (middle), Jin Chonghe (right) at Hu Qiaomu's apartment.
In 1988, it was decided to change the original party history working group to the party history leading working group, with Yang Shangkun as the leader and Hu Qiaomu as the deputy leader.
Although he is old and in poor health, Hu Qiaomu insists on doing these desk work himself, after all, as a witness, there are some things that only Hu Qiaomu himself knows, and it is difficult for others to replace his identity.
In August 1991, "Seventy Years of the Communist Party of China" was published, but Hu Qiaomu was terminally ill at the moment.
Because of long-term exertion, Hu Qiaomu's cancer cells have spread.
In July 1992, Hu Qiaomu was hospitalized due to illness.
Although the torture of illness made it difficult for Hu Qiaomu to endure at times, the old man was still very optimistic, and even said to his wife when he was critically ill
"I want to live to be 90 years old. ”Tuhu Qiaomu, Gu Yu and his wife and daughter Hu Muying.
As an old man who has worked by *** all his life, Hu Qiaomu has always had a wish in his later years to write a reminiscence book related to ***.
Unfortunately, Hu Qiaomu's wish could not be realized.
On September 28, 1992, Hu Qiaomu died of illness at the age of 80.