In the flames and smoke of the Three Kingdoms era, the disputes between the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu attracted much attention, however, there is also a little-known Yan State in the corner of history. The state of Yan existed silently, from the beginning of 190 to the destruction of Sima Yi in 238, a full 48 years, 6 years longer than the Shu Han founded by Liu Bei.
And in the turbulent era of the Three Kingdoms, why do you rarely hear of foreign invasions?In fact, the Goguryeo, Wofu, and Fuyu in the northeast, the Qiang in the northwest of Hexi Zhuqiang, Wudu, and Yinping, the Nanban in the southwest, and the scattered Shanyue and Shanyi in the southeast were also not a minority during the Three Kingdoms period. Relative to the Han Chinese, they are only a small minority.
However, Wei Shuwu took a positive attitude towards these minorities. First of all, look at the Cao Wei regime, after the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao pacified the north, pacified the southern Xiongnu, defeated Wuhuan, and unified the north. After the Southern Xiongnu were annexed to the Eastern Han Dynasty, they were placed in the northwest region. After Cao Cao subjugated the Southern Xiongnu leader, the Southern Xiongnu were fully incorporated into the Cao Wei regime, and the actual unification of northern China was achieved.
Wuhuan was originally a nomadic tribe that went south to develop agriculture, but it declined under the conquest of the Cao Wei regime. After Wu Huan's last big single was killed by Zhang Liao, Wu Huan was scattered everywhere, some were sinicized, and some became part of Xianbei and Tiele later.
The second is the Shu Han Dynasty, during the Shu Han period, the ethnic minorities mainly gathered in the southern half, the so-called "Nanzhong", and the administrative division was Yizhou, Yongchang, Ke, and Yue four counties. After the rebellion in Nanzhong, Zhuge Liang marched south, established his rule over this area, and split it into 7 counties, realizing effective rule over Nanzhong.
The well-known story of "Zhuge Liang's Seven Captures of Meng Huo" unfolds in this context. At that time, Meng Huo followed the Yizhou County surname Yong to raise troops against Shu Han and instigated the Yi people to rebel. Zhuge Liang personally conquered Nanzhong and opened the road to submission.
Finally, there is the state of Wu, which faces ethnic minorities such as Shanyue, Wulingman, and Nanyue. The Shanyue people have always been engaged in small-scale warfare and population plundering. For Wu Guo, Shanyue and other ethnic minorities are just wandering stragglers, not worth mentioning. Therefore, after conquering them, the state of Wu developed Jiangnan. In the confrontation between the Three Kingdoms, Wu State did not have enough troops, so it captured a large number of ethnic minority people as soldiers, thus accelerating the process of sinicization to a certain extent.
During the Three Kingdoms period, there were also many ethnic minorities who participated in the melee at that time, such as the Qiang people, who mainly lived in Liangzhou. In 184 AD, generals such as Bian Zhang and Han Sui led a combined army of Qiang and Han Chinese.
In general, although foreign incursions existed during the Three Kingdoms period, their forces were too scattered or on the periphery to pose a real threat to the Three Kingdoms. The conquest of these ethnic minorities by the Three Kingdoms opened a new round of Sinicization and became an important chapter in the history of the Chinese national community.
This article details the history of the Three Kingdoms period in detail, focusing on the corners beyond Wei, Shu and Wu, focusing on the Yan State that existed in that era but was often overlooked, as well as the role and influence of foreign races in the melee of the Three Kingdoms. I have some opinions and insights on this period of history.
First of all, the author succeeds in drawing the reader's attention to this little-known country by introducing the kingdom of Yan. This perspective shows the diversity of China during the Three Kingdoms period, giving readers a more comprehensive understanding of the historical pattern of that era. The depiction and interpretation in the article make the historical corner of Yan Kingdom vivid and interesting.
Second, for the role of foreign ethnic groups in the Three Kingdoms period, the article highlights their interaction with the Han Chinese. In particular, the attitudes of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu towards foreign peoples show a relatively tolerant and conquest-oriented integration process. To a certain extent, this positive attitude promoted the reunification and stability of the Central Plains at that time, and embodied the wisdom of a unified multi-ethnic country in the course of history.
It is worth mentioning that for the handling of the Southern Xiongnu and Wuhuan, the successful integration of the Cao Wei regime became a link in the unification of the north, demonstrating the perfect combination of political wisdom and military ability. This was not only the conquest of foreign races, but also the integration of diverse cultures, which laid the foundation for the actual unification of northern China.
In the Shu Han period, the article vividly shows the Shu Han's treatment strategy for the ethnic minorities in Nanzhong through the story of "Zhuge Liang's Seven Captures of Meng Shu". This period of history shows the Shu Han regime's decisive suppression of rebellions and meticulous local rule, which allowed the Nanzhong region to achieve relative stability.
In the end, when faced with Shanyue and other ethnic minorities, Wu chose the strategy of conquering and developing Jiangnan. Although this practice of increasing military strength by capturing ethnic minority populations in the face of insufficient troops, although it accelerated the process of sinicization to a certain extent, it also showed the complexity of the political and military situation at that time.
Overall, this article presents readers with a more diverse, complex and wonderful historical picture by digging deep into the historical heritage of the Three Kingdoms period. In the blending and collision of foreign races and the Han nationality in the Central Plains, a unique and glorious chapter in Chinese history is shown.
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