In Lü Simian's writing, the Treaty of Nebuchu became the bane of Sino-Russian relations, revealing a little-known border dispute in history. The 1689 treaty between the Kangxi Emperor and Tsarist Russia was hailed as the first treaty of equality between China and the West, but its essence endured great bumps in the long course of history.
Lost lands: the Treaty of Nebuchu and the Sino-Russian border.
The Treaty of Nebuchu defined the eastern section of the Sino-Russian border after the Battle of Yaksa, and established the Gelbiqi River, the Ergun River and the Trans-Khingan Mountains as the common border between China and Russia. However, behind this seemingly equal treaty, there are actually deficiencies in China's border management.
Cai Dongfan's questioning: equality or dialogue between the strong and the weak?
Although the Treaty of Nebuchu is considered to be the first treaty of equality between China and the West, Cai Dongfan questioned it. He believes that the establishment of the treaty is more due to the fact that the Russian army is lonely and weak, and the Qing army is strong and strong, rather than true equality. This made the Treaty of Nebuchu a controversial diplomatic chapter in history.
The moment when equality was broken: the rupture of the Treaty of Nebuchu.
Although the Treaty of Nebuchu legally established the Ussuri River valley and other places to belong to China, over time, the Qing ** lost de facto control over this territory. The First Opium War in 1840 triggered a wave of aggression against China, and the subsequent Treaty of Aihui allowed the Qing to cede a large area of territory, becoming the biggest beneficiary.
Lost ground traceability: the helplessness and loss of Qing **.
The Second Opium War broke out, and the Anglo-French forces threatened eastern China, and ** took the opportunity to demand land cession. In order to avoid being attacked on both sides, the Qing ** had to sign the Aihui Treaty and give up more than 600,000 square kilometers of land. And this is not the end, after the defeat of the Second Opium War, ** continued to use the threat of force to cut more territory through the "Beijing Treaty", so that the Qing ** lost more than 13 million square kilometers of territory.
The continuation of the tragedy: the second aggression of **.
With the occupation of Sakhalin Island, this resource-rich land has once again attracted the attention of the world. After China lost control of Sakhalin, Japan seized the opportunity, which was eventually succeeded by Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. All this reminds one of the fact that Sakhalin was once Chinese territory, and the couplet inscribed by Emperor Qianlong himself, witnessing the vicissitudes of this land.
Historical Regrets: Reflections and Reflections on Sakhalin.
Sakhalin has been a Chinese territory since the Ming Dynasty, and after the change of dynasties, it was once managed by the establishment of a guard post during the Qing Dynasty. However, with the signing of the Treaties of Nebuchu and Aihui, this land was eventually lost, burying a deep regret for history. When we see the couplet of Emperor Qianlong engraved on Sakhalin Island, we can't help but feel a heartache in our hearts.
Conclusion: Lessons of history and hope for the future.
The signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu and the rupture of the Treaty of Aihui have made us deeply feel the sorrow of history. In dealing with the territorial issue, the lessons of history cannot be ignored, and only through dialogue on an equal footing and diplomatic means can the dignity of the country and the security of the territory be ensured. May we learn from history and work together to create a more peaceful and prosperous future.
This article profoundly examines the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchu and its subsequent historical events, showing China's complex situation in the face of external aggression in the feudal era and modern times. The structure of the essay is clear and the narrative flows smoothly, allowing the reader to clearly understand the historical background and developments of events. Here are some comments and reflections on this article.
First of all, the article gives a detailed introduction to the historical background of the Treaty of Nebuchu, especially emphasizing the equality of this treaty at that time, and showing some shortcomings of the Qing Dynasty in diplomatic negotiations. This provides the reader with a clear starting point for a better understanding of subsequent historical developments.
Second, by quoting Cai Dongfan's views, the article presents a skeptical attitude towards the Treaty of Nebuchu. This pluralistic perspective helps readers to understand historical events more fully, rather than just accepting a single interpretation. History tends to be complex and multifaceted, and this essay makes readers more critical by introducing different perspectives.
Then, the article describes in detail the historical process of the Qing Dynasty's loss of territory after the Treaty of Nebuchu, especially in the Second Opium War and the Aihui Treaty, in order to avoid the difficult choice of being attacked on both sides. This section highlights the enormous impact of political decision-making on national interests at historical moments, as well as the dilemmas in the diplomatic game.
In addition, the article mentions the fate of Sakhalin, from the loss of control of the region by China to its eventual succession by the USSR and, more recently, by Russia. This process demonstrates the complexity of geopolitics and reflects the changing world landscape. By introducing the couplets of Emperor Qianlong, it is an emotional outlining of the historical regret caused by the change of land.
Finally, the article summarizes history and calls on people to learn from it and work together to create a more peaceful and prosperous future. This is a positive attitude that emphasizes the importance of history education to avoid a repetition of history.
Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the article. The article digs deep into the details of historical events, and by introducing different perspectives, readers can more fully understand the historical background of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchu and its subsequent events.
Disclaimer: The above content information is ** on the Internet, and the author of this article does not intend to target or insinuate any real country, political system, organization, race, or individual. The above content does not mean that the author of this article agrees with the laws, rules, opinions, behaviors in the article and is responsible for the authenticity of the relevant information. The author of this article is not responsible for any issues arising from the above or related issues, and does not assume any direct or indirect legal liability.
If the content of the article involves the content of the work, copyright**, infringement, rumors or other issues, please contact us to delete it. Finally, if you have any different thoughts about this event, please leave a message in the comment area to discuss!