On December 8, the reporter learned from the Henan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that in order to effectively prevent the adverse effects of the cold wave, rain and snow and continuous low temperature weather, effectively strengthen the disaster resistance of crops and related production facilities in the field, and ensure the normal development of production work, the Henan Provincial Cash Crops Promotion Station issued the "Technical Guidance on the Production of Main Field Cash Crops in Response to Cold Wave, Rain and Snow and Continuous Low Temperature Weather".
1. Technical measures for vegetable response.
a) Reinforcement of the shed. Before the arrival of rain, snow, low temperature and cold waves, the facility vegetables carefully inspect the shed and film. The steel (bamboo and wood) skeleton with poor pressure resistance and rust deformation should be replaced in time, and the reinforcement should be strengthened and the column support should be increased if it is too late to replaceFor the fruit and vegetable sheds that are cultivated in the fruiting period, due to the increase in the load-bearing capacity of the roof truss after fruit set, it is easy to deform, and the pillar support is reasonably increased according to the shed structureThe roof behind the earthen wall solar greenhouse should be covered with a film to prevent snow and water from seeping into the wall and damaging the wall. Repair the damaged shed film in time, and glue or sew it with transparent glue + old shed film.
2) Clearing snow. In order to prevent the shed from collapsing, it should be cleared while snowing during heavy snowfall, especially at night. You can use a snow scraper to remove the snow on the shed, or you can use a portable hair dryer to blow the snow if possible, or quickly melt the snow by sprinkling snow melting agent and table salt, or combine the heating in the shed to promote the snow to melt and slide down on its own. After heavy snowfall, the accumulated snow around the shed should be cleared in time to prevent the snow from melting and entering the shed to reduce the temperature. In case of extreme snowfall, when it is too late to clear the snow, break the membrane and protect the frame if necessary to reduce losses.
3) Strengthen thermal insulation. When the low temperature and cold wave weather comes, the facilities and vegetables are covered with two curtains, small arches, etc., and the distance between the agricultural film and the vegetables should be kept at least 10 cmThe ventilation vent of the shed should be provided with a buffer film, and a 05-1 meters high skirt film, the entrance to add a shed film;The outer side of the shed is covered with multiple layers of straw (curtain);Ventilation is based on the premise of not reducing the temperature of the shed, and gradually increase the amount of ventilation;It can be covered on the furrow surface with straw between the rows of vegetables to play a role in soil insulation.
4) Auxiliary heating. In case of strong cooling weather, temporary heating measures need to be taken for facility vegetables, such as the use of warming blocks, ground **, heating wires, hot blast stoves, fill lights and other facilities and equipment to increase temperature, to ensure that the temperature of the greenhouse for the production of fruits and vegetables can not be lower than 8, and not lower than 6 for a short time. When using the warming block, you need to follow the product requirements, pay attention to the burning time and the number of places, and avoid being too close to the plant.
5) Increase light. Clean up the fog droplets and dust on the shed film in time to ensure the light transmittance of the shed filmHang a reflective curtain on the back wall of the greenhouse. On the premise of not reducing the temperature of the shed, try to remove the cover as early as possible and cover it late to increase the time for the plants to receive scattered light. When necessary, use plant grow lights, LED lights, iodine-tungsten lamps, sodium lamps, etc. to supplement the light.
6) Promote root and strong seedlings. Before the arrival of low temperature and cold wave weather, take dark irrigation or drip irrigation under the film to water in advance, and try not to water during low temperatureFoliar spray 02%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, add sucrose or plant cold-proof agent in the aqueous solution to enhance the cold and frost-resistant ability of the plant, low temperature and cold wave weather will lead to slow root growth when the weather lasts for a long time, humic acid or alginic acid fertilizer can be applied to promote root growth and improve root activity. After the low temperature and cold wave weather, the plants affected by cold damage or frost damage can be sprayed with amino acid foliar fertilizer containing medium and trace elements and low temperature inducers to promote growth recovery.
Before the arrival of low temperature and cold wave weather for open-field vegetables, mature products should be harvested in time. Water antifreeze water 1-2 days in advance, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate or brassin, etc., to improve the cold and frost resistance of vegetables. In case of extreme cooling weather, cover waste plastic film, non-woven fabrics, etc. to prevent frostbite. After the snow melts, it is necessary to carry out cultivating and dehumidifying in a timely manner to raise the temperature.
2. Technical measures for edible fungi.
1) Do a good job of overhauling and reinforcing the scaffolding. When the cold wave comes, the greenhouse wires and water pipes should be kept warm in time to prevent the pipelines from freezing and cracking. Clean the drainage ditch to keep the drainage smooth and avoid the invasion of mushroom material by rain and snow. Check and repair the damaged shed film, tighten the buckle, and tie the greenhouse film line.
2) Strengthen thermal insulation management and prevent frost damage. Put away the shade net, all the shed film and insulation quilt fall to the ground, and seal the vents. The mushroom shed that is producing mushrooms, open the quilt on a sunny day to heat up, and if possible, you can install heating facilities, keep warm in the afternoon and night, and ensure that the temperature in the shed is 2-8. The edible fungi cultivated in the open field should be covered with film in time to keep warm and freeze.
3) Timely harvesting. Harvest ripe mushroom fruiting bodies as soon as possible. At the end of harvesting, the mushroom bags will be temporarily hydrated, and the mushroom management of other mushrooms will be suspended, and the mushroom management will be resumed after the temperature rises.
4) Post-management. After the cold wave, the weather is clear, the film is warmed up in time, proper ventilation is carried out, and daily management is carried out after the temperature rises steadily. For edible fungi cultivated in the open field, it is necessary to remove the stagnant water in the field after the ice and snow melts in time, reduce the snow water soaking time of the fungus stick (fungus bed), and prevent the mycelium in the fungus stick from being hypoxic, the vitality of the fungus stick from decreasing, and the fungus stick from softening and rottingFor facility cultivation or factory cultivation, the ice and snow accumulated on the top of the mushroom shed (house) and around it should be removed in time to prevent the mushroom shed from collapsing. Mushroom farmers who have purchased insurance should contact the insurance agency as soon as possible to investigate and settle the claim to reduce the economic losses caused by the cold wave.
3. Technical measures for orchard response.
a) The main trunk is bundled with grass or painted white. Wrap the main trunk with straw and straw, and brush the parts on the main trunk, large branches and central trunk with whitening agent, which can effectively prevent freezing and reduce frost damage. When whitening, it should be applied from top to bottom, evenly spread, and the concentration should not be lewd and not sticky after drying.
b) Tree disc covering. Mulching with green manure, straw, straw, plastic film, etc. around the tree tray can effectively play the role of heat preservation and cold protection. Especially for young trees, cover the tree tray with mulch film before frost falls, and then cover the mulch with 15-20 cm of grass to increase soil temperature and prevent frost damage.
3) Pour the frozen water. Before the cold snap, irrigation should be carried out in time to improve soil moisture, adjust the microclimate near the ground layer, reduce the amplitude of ground temperature, and prevent frost damage.
4) Enhance tree potential. At the same time of applying sufficient organic fertilizer, timely topdressing and spraying of nutrient regulating agents (such as alginic acid, amino acids and fulvic acid, etc.) can enhance the tree potential and improve the cold resistance of the tree.
e) Spray antifreeze. 2-3 days before the onset of the cold spell, spray antifreeze on the tree, such as 03% potassium phosphate monobasic +03% urea, or the use of brassinolide and amino acid solutions can reduce the freezing point and enhance resistance.
6) Fumigation. Before the cold wave comes, fumigation facilities and equipment should be stacked in and around the orchard, and when there is an extreme low temperature at night, fumigation can be used to increase the heat of the orchard and prevent frost damage. There are at least 5-6 piles of tobacco per mu, which are evenly distributed in all directions.
Fourth, rape response technical measures.
1) Irrigation to increase moisture. Rapeseed is an overwintering crop, if the soil is dry in winter, there will be a dry and frozen phenomenon, causing damage to rapeseed, reducing the yield of rapeseed, and freezing to death of rapeseed, resulting in a dead harvest. Combined with the weather forecast, watering once before the cold snap (generally from the end of November to the beginning of December) can not only increase the soil heat capacity, stabilize the ground temperature, but also make the soil layer compact, ensure that the roots of rape are in close contact with the soil, and effectively prevent drying;However, irrigation should not be carried out when the temperature is below freezing.
2) Cultivating soil and roots. From the end of November to the beginning of December, cultivating and loosening the soil can break the soil surface compaction, improve permeability, increase the temperature of the topsoil, and facilitate the growth of the root system. Cultivating soil and roots is carried out at the same time to protect roots and growth points from frost damage, and can also shorten the root neck and enhance seedling potential.
c) Cover warming. Before frost damage comes, cover the rape rows with a layer of wheat straw, straw, chaff ash, grass ash or soil miscellaneous fertilizer, etc., which can reduce the direct invasion of rapeseed roots by cold wind and prevent the leaves from freezing. However, be careful not to cover the rape growth point, so as not to affect breathing and cause dead seedlings.
4) Fertilize early. Wax fertilizer can be reapplied once in advance to help increase the ground temperature. Wax fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, generally medium fertility field, 1250 kg of pig and cattle pen manure per mu, 5 kg of urea, evenly applied between the rape rows after mixing, and combined with the ditch to cultivate soil and root cultivation, the soil is covered with fertilizer, which can not only reduce fertilizer loss, but also keep warm and frost-proof. Foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and brassinolide mixture can promote the growth of seedlings before winter, improve cold resistance, and increase the guarantee of safe wintering.
Reporter Geng Juan.