The development of large-scale water conservancy projects in China is also developing and emerging, such as the world's leading Baihetan hydropower station storage and power generation, the Yellow River's largest hydropower station Laxiwa formal operation, etc., but when it comes to these two water conservancy projects, I have to mention that these two water conservancy projects belong to the "arch dam", but they are different from the "gravity dam" of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, so they look curved.
When it comes to dams, as a core part of hydraulic engineering, their design and construction need to consider a number of factors, including geological conditions, water flow conditions, and engineering requirements.
The shape and structure of the dam can be said to have a direct impact on its bearing capacity and stability. At this time, many netizens began to wonder: why are some dams straight and some are curved?
This question is still very worthwhile, because the shape and structure of the dam are determined according to the specific geological conditions, water flow conditions and engineering requirements, so the morphological problems will also change.
First of all, let's understand the basic concept of arch dam and gravity dam, arch dam refers to the shape of the dam presents a certain curve, and its main load-bearing part is composed of arch structure;A gravity dam refers to a dam whose shape is in a straight line or nearly a straight line, and its main load-bearing part is borne by the gravity of the dam itself.
Choosing the shape and structure of a dam requires several factors to consider, on the one hand, the geological conditions. Different geological conditions can affect the stability and bearing capacity of the dam. If the geological conditions are good and the soil is hard, you can choose a gravity dam in a straight shape. And if the geological conditions are poor, the soil is soft, and better seismic and anti-slip stability is required, a curved arch dam structure can be chosen.
On the other hand, the water flow situation: the speed and pressure of the water flow will have an impact on the stability of the dam, if the water flow is turbulent and the impact force is large, the choice of arch dam structure can disperse the pressure of the water flow to both sides of the dam, reduce the force concentration of the dam, and improve the stability. If the water flow is gentle and the impact force is small, the gravity dam structure can better meet the engineering requirements.
Another point is the engineering requirements: different hydraulic projects may have different requirements, such as bearing capacity, seismic performance, construction difficulty, etc., according to the specific engineering requirements, the selection of the appropriate dam structure can meet these requirements to the greatest extent.
With that out of the way, let's talk about why you chose an arch dam over a gravity dam
This is because arch dams have better seismic and anti-slip stability under some specific geological conditions than gravity dams. The curvilinear shape of the arch dam can distribute the pressure of the water flow to both sides of the dam, thereby reducing the force concentration of the dam and improving the overall stability of the dam, while the gravity dam is susceptible to the impact of the water flow due to its straight line shape and requires a stronger structure to ensure its stability.
The arch dam structure was chosen for the Laxiwa dam, the largest hydropower station on the Yellow River, mainly considering the geological conditions and water flow of the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the second largest river in China, with turbulent currents, steep riverbed slopes, and great impact of water flow.
In order to ensure the stability and safety of the dam, the arch dam structure was selected to disperse the pressure of the water flow, reduce the force concentration of the dam, and improve the seismic and anti-slip stability of the dam.
Baihetan is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River has a gentle flow, the riverbed slope is small, and the impact force of the water flow is relatively small, so the gravity dam structure is selected to bear the gravity of the dam, which can better meet the engineering requirements.
In addition to geological conditions and water flow, engineering requirements are also important considerations in the selection of a dam structure. After all, different hydraulic projects may have different requirements, such as bearing capacity, seismic performance, construction difficulty, etc. Depending on the specific engineering requirements, the selection of a suitable dam structure can best meet these requirements.
The choice of the shape and structure of the dam is determined based on the specific geological conditions, water flow conditions, and engineering requirements.
Arch dams and gravity dams have their own applicable occasions, which need to be selected according to the actual situation. The dams of the Yellow River's largest hydropower station, Laxiwa and Baihetan Hydropower Station, were selected in different structures to ensure the stability and safety of the project.
In particular, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the continuous development of engineering technology, the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects will be more diversified and flexible. Whether it is an arch dam or a gravity dam, they are the crystallization of human wisdom and courage, creating huge economic and social benefits for human beings.
I believe that in the near future, we will also see more amazing water conservancy projects to be built, which will bring more convenience and well-being to human life.
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