Hydropower stations are an important clean energy power generation facility, but their construction and operation will also have a certain impact on the water ecological environment. In order to protect the water ecological environment, hydropower stations usually set up ecological discharge flow, that is, on the premise of ensuring power generation, a certain amount of water is released downstream to maintain the balance of the water ecological environment. So, how to monitor the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations?
The monitoring of the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations is usually carried out by means of flow meters. A flowmeter is an instrument used to measure the flow of water, which can calculate the flow rate of water by measuring the velocity of the water flow and the cross-sectional area of the water flow. Water level flow: Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter (contact type) or radar flowmeter (including radar flow meter and radar water level meter) can be selected according to the site environment. In the monitoring of the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations, the commonly used flowmeters are as follows:
1.Suspended Flow Meter: A suspended flow meter is a commonly used flow meter that calculates the flow rate of water by measuring the speed of the water flow. A suspended flow meter usually consists of a flow meter, a flow rope and a flow meter, which can be suspended in the water flow. In the monitoring of the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations, the suspended flow velocity meter can be used to measure the speed of the discharge flow, so as to calculate the discharge flow.
2.Radar Flow Meter: A water level meter is an instrument used to measure the height of water and the speed of water flow, it can calculate the water flow rate by measuring the water level and water flow velocity. In the monitoring of the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations, the water level gauge can be used to measure the change of the discharge level, so as to calculate the discharge flow.
3.Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter: A fixed-point Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter is used to fix the instrument at a certain position below the water surface, river bottom or water surface to measure the flow rate of the channel.
In actual use, Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter, radar flowmeter and electromagnetic flowmeter are mostly used. The electromagnetic flowmeter can only be used for the monitoring of the discharge flow of the full pipe, the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter is mainly used for the tailwater flow measurement of the channel, and the radar flowmeter is mostly suitable for the flow measurement of natural rivers and other sections with low requirements for accuracy but poor installation environment.
In addition to the above flowmeters, there are some other flowmeters that can also be used to monitor the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations, such as pressure flowmeters, electromagnetic flowmeters, etc.
Data Transmission Method:
1. Optical fiber wired transmission: optical fiber or wired broadband network is used. This method can be considered for places where the installation point has a network and the site is relatively close to the discharge traffic site.
2. GPRS 4G wireless communication: GPRS or 4G signal is used to transmit data and images to the server. It is suitable for occasions where the installation point is far away and cannot be wired.
3. Beidou communication: Beidou short message is used for communication, and the data collected by the telemetry terminal is sent to a Beidou receiver in the form of Beidou short message, and the Beidou receiver will carry out the data. It is suitable for places where there is no network signal at the installation point.
In short, the monitoring of the ecological discharge flow of hydropower stations is one of the important measures to protect the water ecological environment. The monitoring is usually carried out by flow meters, and the commonly used flow meters are suspended flow meters, water level meters and water flow meters. In the actual monitoring, it is necessary to select the appropriate flow meter according to the actual situation, and carry out accurate measurement and calculation to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the discharge flow.