As of 9 o'clock on December 20, Gansu Jishi Mountain 6Level 2** has killed 113 people in Gansu Province and 18 people in Haidong City, Qinghai Province.
According to the natural disaster prevention information released by the China Disease Control and Prevention, ** is the "first of the group disasters", which can cause a large number of people**, and can also cause indirect health hazards to the population. For residents in the disaster area, special attention should be paid to food and drinking water hygiene, prevention of infectious diseases, and vigilance against hypothermia symptoms in the cold winter.
According to United Nations statistics, since the beginning of this century, the number of deaths caused by ** in the world has reached 2.6 million, accounting for 58% of the total deaths caused by natural disasters in the world.
On December 19, in Jishishan County, Gansu Province, officers and soldiers of the Linxia Detachment of the Gansu Armed Police Corps launched a rescue in Yangdai Village, Liuji Township. Photo: Xinhua News Agency.
Follow-up question 1** What public health hazards can it cause?
According to the information of the China Disease Control and Prevention, ** can have a direct impact on the health of the population, and the main manifestation is a large number of people**. It mainly refers to mechanical damage and death caused by building collapses, landslides, etc.
Infectious diseases can occur due to unclean drinking water and food, large-scale population migration and gathering, imperfect sanitation facilities, migration of vector organisms and population exposure.
Accidental injuries can occur due to incidental events such as heat stroke, dog injuries, burns, frostbite, carbon monoxide poisoning, food poisoning, chemical poisoning, and contamination with radioactive materials. Changes in life and living environment can also lead to the onset of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes.
*The suddenness and catastrophic nature of disasters can cause early psychological emergency response and short-term psychological communication disorders.
In addition, the damage to the public health service system, the destruction of the ecological environment, and the disruption of road traffic and communication will also have indirect population health impacts.
How to save yourself when you ask 2**?
Don't rush when a big ** happens. Destructive** It usually takes a few seconds to a dozen seconds from a human feeling to a vibration to a building being damaged, and in this short period of time, the public should make a quick decision to ensure safety according to the environment in which they live. If you live in a bungalow, you can quickly run out of the door;If you live in a building, do not jump off the building, immediately cut off the electric switch, turn off the gas, temporarily avoid a small span such as a bathroom, or under a table, bed, etc., and evacuate quickly after the earthquake to prevent strong aftershocks.
When there are many people, find a hiding place first. Schools, shops, theaters and other places where people gather should not panic if they encounter **, and should immediately hide under desks, chairs or solid objects, and then evacuate in an orderly manner after **.
Keep away from danger zones. If you encounter ** on the street, you should cover your head with your hands, and quickly move away from the building to the center of the street. If you encounter ** in the suburbs, pay attention to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high-voltage lines. Cars and trains that are moving should stop immediately.
When buried, you have to conserve your strength. If you are unfortunately buried by the rubble after the earthquake, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. When you can't get out of danger, you should conserve your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait patiently for rescue.
On December 19, at the resettlement site in Dahe Village, Dahejia Town, Jishishan County, rescuers were carrying supplies. Photo by Fan Peishen Xinhua News Agency.
Follow-up question 3: How to prevent diseases after a disaster?
According to the information of China Disease Control and Prevention, after the occurrence of **, drinking water, food, and accommodation environment are not guaranteed, and it is very important to do a good job in the sanitation of the temporary settlement site and its surrounding environment, as well as personal health protection.
* In the event of damage to the structure of the house and damage to infrastructure such as water, electricity, and communications, the public should go to an emergency shelter or temporary resettlement site as soon as possible. Pay attention to maintaining the environmental hygiene of the temporary resettlement site, do not defecate in the open, do not throw away garbage at will, bury animal carcasses in a timely manner, and pay attention to protecting water sources.
Pay attention to food hygiene, do not drink raw water, try to drink bottled water, and the sterilized water should also be boiled before drinking. Meals are cooked thoroughly before eating. Wash your hands before preparing food, before breastfeeding, before eating, after using the toilet, before and after caring for sick people, after touching animals or dead animals, after touching garbage, and before and after handling wounds. When washing your hands, it is best to wash them with soap and running water and dry them promptly.
Food storage should pay attention to fly and rodent prevention, and carry out fly and rodent extermination in the place of residence according to local conditions. It is best to keep the bed off the ground to reduce the chance of human contact with rats or vector insects, etc. The wound should be cleaned and bandaged as soon as possible. If the wound shows signs of infection such as redness, swelling, and oozing of body fluids, you should seek professional medical attention in time, and according to the condition of the wound, the medical staff will determine whether tetanus vaccination is required.
If you are sick, seek medical attention in a timely manner, and if you find that your relatives or friends have symptoms of infectious diseases, you should report to the health and epidemic prevention department in time.
Relieves mental stress. Maintain a good and correct attitude by paying attention to maintaining daily Xi, resolving daily conflicts in a timely manner, finding ways to relax yourself, seeking help from relatives, friends or psychological professionals, participating in recreational and leisure activities, and balancing nutritious diets.
Follow-up question 4: How to carry out emergency rescue in the disaster area?
The Beijing News reporter learned from the National Health Commission that as of 6:30 on December 19, more than 300 injured people had been admitted to the disaster area.
The CDC has made it clear that the period after the disaster is the emergency response period, and the main task in the early stage is to carry out on-site emergency medical rescue and provide medical treatment and transport of the injured to the disaster area.
At the same time, post-disaster health and epidemic prevention work should focus on carrying out public health risk assessment in disaster areas, restoring the reporting system of infectious diseases in disaster areas, paying attention to the early warning of major infectious diseases in disaster areas, and preparing for health emergency work at disaster sites. With the passage of time, due to the gradual decrease in the demand for emergency medical assistance in the disaster area, the residents in the disaster area have gradually been lifted out of danger and have entered the temporary centralized resettlement area one after another.
At this time, the health emergency response in the disaster area will focus on disease prevention and control, including continuous public health risk assessment, disease prevention and control, public health risk source control, and public health service recovery.
The post-disaster assessment summary period usually refers to the end of the health emergency response work in the disaster area, the withdrawal of foreign disaster relief and disease prevention forces from the affected area, and the restoration of disease prevention and control and public health services in the disaster area to the local disease control agency and other health departments. The main tasks of this period should include summarizing the lessons learned in the health emergency preparedness and response phase of this disaster, evaluating the effectiveness of disaster health emergency work, and putting forward suggestions for improving the health emergency response to natural disasters in specific disasters and specific regions.
Follow-up question 5: What should I pay attention to when the cold season occurs?
According to the China Disease Control Environment, if a disaster occurs in the cold season, we must pay attention to cold prevention and warmth measures, as well as the inspection of thermal equipment in temporary emergency places and the reserve of warm supplies.
Pay attention to safety when using heating equipment, and beware of accidents such as carbon monoxide poisoning and burns.
Disaster relief personnel should wear cold-proof overalls and avoid wet clothing. Disaster evacuees should wear comfortable, loose, multi-layered clothing to keep them warm.
When conditions do not allow, try to keep the core areas of the body such as the head, neck, and chest warm, and replenish hot drinks in time.
Pay attention to the symptoms of hypothermia, such as low body temperature symptoms such as pale and cold, purple lips and earlobes, slow breathing and heartbeat, etc., you should seek medical attention in time.
Reporter Dai Xuan.
Edited by Chen Jing.
Proofread by Wu Xingfa.
Operations Editor: Liu Qianxian.