In the medical examination report, some worrisome words are often found: nodules, cysts, polyps, hyperplasias. These words often raise questions about whether they mean a threat of cancerIn fact, these physical exam results are not always indicative of a serious problem. But it's crucial to understand their relationship to cancer.
Nodules, which are common in the breast, thyroid gland, etc., are mostly harmless. Cysts, usually sac-like structures filled with liquid or semi-solid substance, are usually benign in nature. Polyps, small fleshy protrusions that may appear in the intestine or nasal passages, are mostly harmless, but should be alerted to the potential risk of malignant transformation. Proliferation, an increase in the number of cells, is usually the body's response to certain stimuli.
A few words that often appear in the physical examination report: nodules, cysts, polyps, hyperplasia. These terms may sound worrying, but understanding what they really mean is key. First, a deeper understanding of these terms, and then their relationship to health.
Nodules, the term is often used in the physical examination reports of the lungs, breasts, and thyroids. It is a small, solid or semi-solid growth, usually less than 2 cm in diameter. Most benign nodules, such as thyroid nodules, are common in adults and most do not develop into cancer. However, some specific types of nodules, such as lung nodules that do not recede or continue to grow over a long period of time, may require further testing to rule out cancer risk.
Cysts are another common finding and are usually sac-like structures filled with liquid or semi-solid substance. Kidney, liver, ovarian cysts, etc. are more common in middle-aged and elderly people. Most cysts are harmless, but in some cases, such as cysts that grow rapidly in size or are painful, further diagnosis may be required.
Polyps usually refer to small sarcomas that grow from the surface of the mucous membranes. Colorectal polyps are the most common type, especially in older people. While most colorectal polyps are benign, some types of polyps, such as adenomatous polyps, can gradually evolve into colon cancer. Therefore, when colorectal polyps are found, doctors often recommend regular monitoring or removal.
Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells, resulting in an increase in the volume of tissues or organs. For example, breast hyperplasia is a common condition that is often associated with changes in hormone levels. Although breast hyperplasia itself is not cancer, certain types of hyperplasia may increase the risk of cancer.
Physical examination results show nodules, cysts, polyps, or growths, which often raise suspicions. Which of these lesions may be a precursor to cancer?Understanding their relationship with cancer is essential for early detection and prevention.
Nodules, often found in the thyroid, lungs, or breast, are mostly benign. However, over time, a small percentage of nodules may develop into malignancy. For example, about 5% of thyroid nodules may turn into thyroid cancer.
A cyst is a sac-like structure formed by the accumulation of fluid or semi-solid material in the body. They are usually harmless, but some types of cysts, such as ovarian cysts, are potentially at risk of malignancy if left untreated.
Polyps, especially those found in the colon, require special attention. While most polyps are benign, colon polyps have the potential to evolve into colon cancer. According to research, about 10% of colon polyps may eventually become malignant.
Hyperplasia refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells, which can occur in multiple organs, such as breast hyperplasia. Most growths are noncancerous, but certain types of growths, such as dysplasia, may increase cancer risk.
Importantly, these lesions do not always mean cancer. For example, fibroadenoma of the breast is a common benign nodule and is not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Similarly, many people develop colon polyps throughout their lives, but not every polyp turns into cancer.
It is critical that these findings are properly monitored and evaluated. If nodules or polyps are found, further tests such as ultrasounds, CT scans, or biopsies are usually recommended to determine their nature. This step is essential to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.
When the medical report presents words such as nodules, cysts, polyps or growths, anxiety inevitably arises. But before panicking, knowing how to effectively prevent and monitor these lesions is something that everyone should know.
A nutritionally balanced diet is essential to prevent these lesions. For example, antioxidant-rich foods, such as blueberries and green tea, are able to reduce inflammation and reduce the production of abnormal cells in the body. On the other hand, a diet high in fat and sugar may increase the risk of lesions. One study showed that people who regularly consumed processed and red meat had about 20% higher rates of colon polyps than those who regularly ate fruits and vegetables.
Lifestyle adjustments should not be overlooked. Regular physical exercise can not only promote metabolism, but also enhance the function of the immune system, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of various diseases. For example, moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking or swimming, for at least 150 minutes a week can significantly reduce cancer risk.
Regular physical examinations are key to monitoring lesions. Physical examinations not only detect nodules, cysts, etc., early, but also track their progress. For older people or those with a family history of the disease, it is even more important to have regular special check-ups, such as mammograms and colonoscopies. According to the American Cancer Society, regular colonoscopy can reduce colorectal cancer mortality by about 60%.
When there is an abnormality in the physical examination, you should seek the advice of a professional doctor in time。For found nodules or cysts, your doctor may recommend further imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans, to determine their nature. For certain types of polyps or growths, your doctor may recommend excision surgery to prevent the possibility of cancer.