雩都, that is, in the capital today, because there is a wild mountain in the north, so it is called "雩都". It is located in the south of Jiangxi Province, adjacent to Ruijin in the east, Ganxian in the west, Huichang and Anyuan in the south, Xingguo and Ningdu in the north, is one of the earliest three counties in the southern part of Jiangxi, known as Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan provinces.
The Yandu County Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in June 1928 and successively belonged to the leaders of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and the Guangdong and Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee. In April 1930, after the establishment of the Yandu County Soviet, the first red base area in southern Jiangnan——— Qiaotou Revolutionary Base Area and the Yandu Soviet District were created, which opened a new page in the revolutionary struggle in Yandu and even the first Soviet area.
However, since the establishment of the Provisional Chinese Soviet Republic in Ruijin in November 1931, especially after the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle entered in the winter of 1933, compared with the neighboring Ruijin, Xingguo and other model counties in the Soviet region, all aspects of the work of the capital have been backward, and "there have been no achievements in any work." In particular, under the grim situation of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, "serious incidents have continued to occur" in Yandu County in the areas of field inspection, red expansion, and grain assault campaigns.
For example, in the Red Movement to expand the Red Army, "although in the Red May expanded more than 1,000 people, but there were many desertions halfway, from the Red May until November, the Red Army was expanded without the slightest success, and in December the Red Army Assault Movement was expanded, although it was completed in January and a half of this year, but in December more than 20 days only expanded by more than 200 people", it was not until later that with the great help of the provincial commandos, the county completed the task in February 1934;
In the field inspection campaign, "there were also many problems of infringing on the middle peasants and harboring the landlords and rich peasants." In some places, "hundreds of people have fled to the white zone".
In terms of grain assault, the performance is even more "surprisingly backward". February 1934 was the "Grain Assault Month", and the task assigned to Yandu County was to sell 200,000 yuan of public bonds and 2 land taxesAccording to statistics, from the 1st to the 20th of the month, the sales of public bonds in the capital "even the previous total" and "only two-thirds of the task" were sold, and the concentrated grain "only accounted for one-third of the total number sold" and "according to the predetermined amount of land taxes, it only reached about half." With regard to "such an astonishing backwardness and serious phenomenon, the county party committee and county Su all regard it as a very common thing," and they also violated the law by "collecting 51,228 yuan in cash," which is obviously a violation of the ** order.
All kinds of "strange things" that have happened in Yandu County, especially at the critical juncture of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle, are still in a state of serious backwardness in all work, and even clues to the corruption of leading cadres have been discovered, which quickly aroused a high degree of vigilance on the part of the Soviet District Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the leaders of the Soviet Union.
Provisional *** Accusation Box of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
Waging the anti-corruption struggle is an important and long-term task of the Communist Party of China and the Soviets at all levels. As early as August 1926, the Communist Party of China issued the first document to punish corruption——— Circular on Resolutely Purging Corrupt Elements, ordering party organizations at all levels to "purge corrupt elements without mercy".
On December 15, 1933, Xiang Ying and Zhang Guotao jointly signed and promulgated the strictest "anti-corruption order" in history - the No. 26 instruction of the executive committee on punishing wasteful behavior, which stipulated:
"All employees of Soviet organs, state enterprises and public bodies" and "those who exceed 500 yuan shall be sentenced to death."** Anyone between $300 and $500 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years and not more than five years;** Anyone between 100 and 300 yuan shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than two years;**Those who are less than 100 yuan shall be sentenced to forced labor for not more than half a year."In view of the abnormal situation in Yandu County, ** discussed with Xiang Ying, as well as Zhang Wentian, who was then the chairman of the **People's Committee, and others, and decided to instruct the **Workers' and Peasants' Inspection Committee, **Ministry of Finance, **Ministry of Land, and each send a working group to Yandu to help with the work.
In the course of helping the districts and townships in the capital, especially in the course of the grain collection raid campaign, the various work groups discovered many cases and clues to counterrevolutionary activities, and even discovered the phenomenon of counter-revolutionaries hiding in the party organizations and Soviet organs openly sabotaging the assault movement. These problems were constantly reflected to the county party committees and county soviets**, but they were not resolved. For this reason, the Guangdong and Jiangxi Provincial Party Committees and the Provincial Committee of the Jiangsu Province were temporarily instructed to pay special attention to the issue of the capital." However, due to the comrades sent to inspect the work, "there was no profound effort to expose the serious phenomenon of the capital, especially the Guangdong and Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Soviet Union did not solve the problem of the capital with the greatest force under the instructions of the provincial party committee", so the rectification and reform did not achieve much results.
* During its inspection, the working group of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection Committee discovered the major cases of cadres such as the head of the military department and section chief of the Yandu County Soviet, who were engaged in private business, as well as the cases of the secretary of the county party committee and the director of the general affairs department of the Young Communist Party. At the same time, after further inspection, the working group also found major clues that the main leaders of the Yandu County Party Committee and the county Soviet Union were privately engaged in speculative business.
After listening to the report of the working group, the leaders of the Soviet District Bureau and the Soviet District Bureau deeply felt the seriousness of the problem. For the sake of prudence, the Soviet District ** Bureau and ** discussed and decided that the CPC ** Party Affairs Committee and the ** Workers' and Peasants' Procuratorate Committee would send Zhang Zhenfang and Xiao Yisheng to the capital again for verification. After verification, it was proved that the report of the working group of the three ministries was true.
At the same time, in response to the problem of reflecting the "astonishing backwardness" of the grain assault movement in Yandu County, in early February 1934, the Ministry of Food specially organized personnel to go to Yandu to verify the situation of the grain assault movement, and found that the problem was indeed serious. In view of this, the Ministry of Food and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued a notice requiring rectification, but the county party committee and the county Soviet were indifferent.
In order to thoroughly clarify the issue of the capital, the Soviet District Bureau and the Workers' and Peasants' Procuratorial Committee jointly formed a working group to go to the capital again to carry out verification, and Xiang Ying, vice chairman of the Workers' and Peasants' Procuratorial Committee, personally led the working group to be responsible for verifying the case.
On February 20, 1934, after Xiang Ying led a working group to enter the capital, he immediately plunged into the intense investigation and verification work. By 1 March, "after 10 days of work," "many serious facts had been discovered," and some of the problems were shocking———
In March 1934, Dong Biwu organized a special court in the Supreme Court to try Xiong Xianbi's dereliction of duty case in accordance with the order of the Executive Committee.
(1) Counter-revolutionary activities were very rampant.
In 1933, there was an incident in which counter-revolutionaries deceived and coerced the masses to "oppose the water";In some places, counter-revolutionary slogans appeared, and there were several incidents of beating up work groups and personnel of the Security Bureau, and even the guns of the personnel of the Security Bureau were robbed. There were as many as 17 or 8 such counter-revolutionary activities. What is even more serious is that "the open activities of counter-revolutionary and class dissidents hidden in the party and Soviet organs" are becoming more and more rampant, such as openly shielding the landlords and beating up the working groupsSome deliberately attacked the middle peasants as local tyrants, causing panic among the masses. As the verification deepened, the working group also discovered that the composition of the leading cadres of the party and Soviet organs in Yandu County was complex, and that "there were still many class dissidents and counter-revolutionaries who occupied the party and Soviet organs and did not raise them." For example, the secretary of the city district party committee once released it when the Jingwei regiment entered the city;The secretary of the Duanwu District Party Committee has "turned against the water", and the chairman of the Li Village Inspection Committee is an old fortune teller. Such persons "have been found in as many as eight cases".
(2) "A large number of ** cases" occurred.
There are organs at almost all levels", from the chairmen and ministers of the county soviets to the deputies of the townships, "* it has become a common practice, and everyone does not think of it as a common practice, and they cover each other up and hide it from each other." Such cases are mainly manifested in fraudulent accounts, engulfment, public property, etc. For example, Liu Shixiang, head of the county military department, together with three staff members, including Li Qicai, jointly forged accounts and receipts, and fraudulently received more than 400 yuan in mobilization funds from the General Supply Department of the Red Army
Another example is the insurance money of the former Minister of Labor of the County Soviet Union, Teng Qiong, Secretary of the County Party Committee of the Young Communist Party, and the Director of the General Affairs Department of the County Soviet Union
Another example is the secretary of the city district party committee, the vice chairman of the Zishan District Soviet, the minister of finance, the minister of the military department of Luowa District, the minister of finance of Tantou and Cangqian districts, and many representatives of the township chairmen, all swallowed up as many as 23 cases, of which the amount of ** amounted to more than 500 yuan.
(3) Leading cadres "do speculative business on a large scale".
They sell millet out of the country and then salt into the country, and "after each load of millet passes through this entry and exit, they can earn two or three or four yuan." What is particularly serious is that Liu Hongqing, Xiong Xianbi, and other principal leading cadres of the county party and government are also involved. Liu Hongqing, then a member of the Guangdong-Jiangxi Provincial CPC Committee and secretary of the Yandu County Party Committee, invited Liu Fuyuan, chairman of the Urban Workers' and Peasants' Inspection Committee, Yu Dangwen, secretary of the city's general party branch, and Yi Lin, director of the Poor Peasants' League, to join hands with another businessman to open a shop to sell liquor. Later, because he suspected that selling wine was not profitable, he decided to invest 20 yuan per person in the capital, and sold salt and grain in and out of the country in partnership, and each person made a net profit of 70 yuan in less than 4 months.
Xiong Xianbi, who was a member of the second ** executive committee and chairman of the ** Yandu County Soviet, was also obsessed with money and dared to act recklessly, and even "forcibly took **50 yuan to do business in the name of the chairman". Under the influence of Liu Hongqing, Xiong Xianbi and others, cadres at all levels in the capital followed suit, or misappropriated grain and salt to sell, or engaged in speculative business in the name of cooperatives. For example, the head of the organization department of the county party committee is happy to praise the misappropriation of insurance funds to do private business;Yuan Chengwen, director of the county mutual aid association, in the name of organizing mutual aid members to run cooperatives, bought more than 100 of his own loads of millet into shares and went out of the country, evading national taxesThe chairman and vice chairman of the district Soviet, the chairman of the Workers' and Peasants' Procuratorial Committee, and the six ministers of land, labor, internal affairs, national economy, finance, and adjudication, all took advantage of their positions and powers to openly engage in business for profit. The organs of the party and the Soviet masses in Yandu County have turned into a "federation of speculative businessmen."
In addition, the working group also discovered that there was no "red martial law" in the leading organs, that class vigilance was not high, that party organizations were abolished in mass units such as trade unions, mutual masonic associations, and anti-imperialist and pro-Soviet leagues, and that the work style of the county Soviet organs was loose and formalism was serious.
Such a serious problem has emerged in Yandu County, especially the serious collective corruption of the principal leading cadres of the county party committee and the county soviet, which has caused an extremely bad impact among the broad masses. In order to put a brake on the corrupt and unhealthy tendencies, restore the reputation of the party and the Soviets, and educate the broad masses of cadres and masses in the Soviet region, the joint working group led by the Guangdong and Jiangxi Provincial CPC Committee, the Provincial Soviet, and Xiang Ying, after ascertaining the above facts, dealt with the relevant personnel in accordance with the legal procedures and in accordance with the law
——— removed Liu Hongqing, secretary of the county party committee, from his post (to be replaced by Kuang Shouda), and proposed that he be handed over to the Guangdong and Jiangxi Provincial Supervisory Committee to "discuss his party membership".In this way, the severe punishment of counter-revolutionaries and ** elements had a great impact on the whole county. "The Soviet silverfish were severely punished, and the people in the Soviet area were excited and happy!Submitted to the ** Executive Committee for approval, and *** personally signed the "Zhong Zi No. 5" order, because Xiong Xianbi "led and shielded **, and privately used ** to do business for profit", "in addition to approving the People's Committee to remove his chairman, and dismiss his ** executive member, and hand it over to the Supreme Court for punishment";
After organizing a circuit court trial, five people, including Liu Shixiang, head of the military department of the county Soviet, Liu Tianhao, Li Qicai, Teng Qiong, secretary of the county party committee of the Communist Party of China, and director of the finance department of the Tantou District Soviet, were sentenced to death and executed
Other party and Soviet cadres who were guilty of corruption and bureaucratic dereliction of duty were also punished by party and government discipline and justly tried by Soviet law.
The former site of the Supreme Court at the Ruijin Shazhou Dam.
Because Xiong Xianbi was a member of the second ** executive committee, in accordance with the provisions of the "Organic Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic" on "the cases of ** executive committee members shall be handled separately by the ** executive committee or the presidium", on March 25, 1934, in accordance with the order of the ** executive committee, the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union organized the supreme special court, with Dong Biwu, president of the Supreme Court, as the presiding judge, He Shuheng and Luo Ziming as jurors, and Li Chengxiang and Zou Peigan as secretaries Liang Baitai is the procurator general of the Supreme Special Court, and conducts a public trial of Xiong Xianbi's dereliction of duty and corruption case.
Xiong Xianbi, also known as Shi Chang, 31 years old, a native of Luojiao District, Yandu County, a poor peasant, a former ** executive member, served as the chairman of the Soviet District of Yandu County, arrested on March 6, 1934, the facts of his crime:In the indictment, Liang Baitai listed in detail the facts of Xiong Xianbi's dereliction of duty. In addition to such dereliction of duty as "adopting an attitude of laissez-faire and compromise toward the suppression of the counterrevolution," "adopting an attitude of passive resistance to the execution of orders from higher authorities," "appointing private individuals," "paying no attention to the lives of the masses," "adopting a negative attitude toward the land investigation movement and resolving the land issue," and "completely free from red martial law, allowing the reactionaries to operate freely," he focused on accusing Xiong Xianbi of the criminal facts of engaging in speculative business and its bad influence. "Xiong Xianbi in the name of the chairman, forced to borrow ** 50 yuan, to do business, because he took ** to do business, and affected other staff, but also to do business, the staff of the county from the county chairman, ministers to the head of the district and township are doing business, only care about making money regardless of the work. At present, it has been discovered that there are more than 60 staff members engaged in ** business", and "many of these staff members make money by doing business privately, causing corruption in their lives and giving a bad influence to the masses." "Because the general staff were only concerned with business and did not care about their work, and the county and city Soviets were often closed doors, no one was in charge, and the work was very scattered, turning the organs of the Soviets into philistine organs. ”1) Connivance with counter-revolutionaries: When the defendant was leading the work in the Soviet District of Yandu County, the counter-revolutionaries carried out large-scale activities, put up reactionary slogans, beat up the ** staff members, snatched the guns of the security teams, and even the counter-revolutionaries infiltrated the ** organs to carry out activities.
2) Failure to carry out orders from superiors: The defendant, as the chairman of the county Soviet district, has consistently adopted passive resistance to ** decisions and orders;He never inspected the sale of public bonds, the collection of grain, the construction of roads, and the imposition of red martial lawIn addition, some orders were not discussed in the county Soviet districts, and even closed the doors of the organs and gave up their work.
3) ** and cover-up**: forcibly borrowing 50 yuan from the public to hand over to the family to do living, affecting most of the staff in the county and urban areas to do speculative business and give up their work, resulting in the county's philistine style. In particular, a large amount of rice grain was smuggled to the white area, affecting the lives of the masses, violating the basic principles of the Soviets, and shielding the county's military department.
Because Xiong Xianbi himself is doing business, it affects the staff of the entire city, so the wind of the city is prevalent for a while. It is precisely because Xiong Xianbi is a leader that he "compromises and covers up the following", causing the wind of the city!
Based on the above facts, Liang Baitai claimed in the indictment: Xiong Xianbi, who was a member of the **Executive Committee and chairman of the ** Yandu County Soviet, as the organizer and leader of the war, should have "borne the main responsibility of the whole county", "concentrated all forces to lead the masses to fight for the five 'encirclement and suppression' of the enemy, and worked hard for the complete victory of the war", "but Xiong Xianbi shouldered such an important responsibility, not only did not work hard in this aspect, but on the contrary, committed a lot of dereliction of duty** hindered the war and helped the enemy", and believed that "Xiong Xianbi's criminal act of dereliction of duty has been clearly confirmed". For this reason, Liang Baitai, in the name of the procurator general procurator procurator ad tempore of the Supreme Special Court, "hereby filed a complaint with the Supreme Special Court organized by the ** Executive Committee."
The court proceedings were conducted in an orderly manner. In order to evade Soviet law, Xiong Xianbi "covered up his criminal behavior with 'ignorance'", but was rejected by the court. As the person in charge of the joint investigation team of the "Yandu Incident" and the direct leader of the defendant, Xiang Ying, who was directly led by the defendant, was particularly distressed in the face of Xiong Xianbi in court, and presented evidence on the spot in response to Xiong Xianbi's denial of doing business with ** and only admitting that he borrowed ** to buy cattle for farming. Xiang Yingyi said solemnly: "After we sent someone to his house to investigate, Xiong's mother told us that it only cost 16 yuan to buy cattle, and the remaining 34 yuan, and his younger brother went to sell salt twice, and made some money, which was returned due to the discovery of the ** case of the Ministry of Military Affairs." ”
In the face of hard facts, Xiong Xianbi had to admit the crime. After a public trial, in accordance with the "Instruction No. 26 of the Executive Committee——— on Punishing Wasteful Behavior" and other laws and decrees, the Supreme Special Court made a final judgment against Xiong Xianbi. The Judgment of the Supreme Special Court of the Chinese Soviet Republic (Special Character No. 1) says:
"The defendant (Xiong Xianbi), as the chairman of the county Soviet Union, should have done his best to abide by the laws and discipline of the Soviets and set an example for the masses, but he dared to abandon his post for his own benefit, connived at counter-revolutionaries, shielded and ignored the law, which constituted the crime of dereliction of dutyHe also forcibly diverted ** to do business, destroyed the state finances, and committed ** crimes. In order to purge the Soviet organs of pests, to carry out the struggle against dereliction of duty, and to ensure the complete victory of the revolutionary war, the court sentenced the defendant to one year's imprisonment for dereliction of duty and the crime of dereliction of duty, beginning on March 6, 1934 and ending on March 5, 1935. After the expiration of the term, deprivation of public (civil) rights for one year. There is no right of appeal against this judgment. ”Xiang Ying also led the assault team to review the backlog of cases handled by the Yudu County Judicial Department (court). At the county's public trial meeting, the county magistrate's department openly tried four criminals, including Liu Shixiang, the head of the county military department, and sentenced four to death. Of these, three were shot on the spot and one was sent to another district for execution.
In subsequent district circuit courts, the head of the finance department of the Tantou District Soviet was shot in a public trial in the district. A total of 12 counter-revolutionaries and ** elements were executed in various districts. The severe punishment of counter-revolutionaries and ** elements caused a great shock in the whole county.
At this point, the dust has settled on the "Yandu Incident" that shocked the Soviet region, and it is the first failed case in the history of our party, and the effective investigation and handling of this incident has provided a historical reference for our party to further promote the construction of a clean and honest government and the anti-corruption struggle.
Documentary**: The first collective corruption case investigated and dealt with by the CCP, "Records of the "Yandu Incident", Chen Qiming.