Process control is a management method used by enterprises to control the process, and the core of process control is the process. Processes can be classified according to different dimensions, and in enterprise management practice, the internal processes of enterprises can be roughly divided into two categories: business processes and management processes. Business processes are oriented to the completion of business goals and can create value for the enterprise;The management process is oriented to achieving management goals, and pays more attention to the coordination of organizational resources through planning, command, control and other functions.
Implementing process management brings value to the enterprise: it can clearly define responsibilities and standardize the division of labor and collaboration, so as to improve work efficiency and effectively reduce risks;Help management to conduct real-time supervision and achieve critical controls;If there is any inconsistency with the system in the process of operation, it can also prompt the system to be updated, so as to activate the system management and optimize the systemFinally, through the solidification of operating procedures, the management accumulation of enterprises is formed.
The process control system is no less important than the strategic management system of the enterprise, which can greatly affect the company's performance, and the ultimate goal of process control is also to help the company's strategic goals be achieved. In the enterprise management system pyramid, if the top-level strategy and business plan is to tell the enterprise to do the right thing, then the middle-level process and control, organization personnel and system are to teach the enterprise how to do things correctly, and the underlying information system is to provide support through digital technology to help enterprises do things more efficiently.
The process of enterprise process work can be divided into three stages, namely the design, establishment and implementation of the process system.
01. Process system design stage
In the process system design stage, the first step is to plan the process system, and there are generally three common process planning methods.
First, the process planning based on the company's business and management requirements is a top-down process planning method, which is based on the company's strategic planning to disassemble the demand business, and then based on the process of developing these businesses for process planning, which is more suitable for the planning of business processes
The second is the process planning based on the company's organization and post system, which is a bottom-up process planning method, which first sorts out each department and job responsibilities, and then identifies the core work items and combs them into a process, which is more suitable for the planning of the management process
The third is the process planning based on the reference benchmark process architecture, which can be regarded as a horizontal comparison of the process planning method, referring to the process planning of other companies in the same industry, and then appropriately adjusting and optimizing in combination with their own actual conditions to form their own company's process planning, which is suitable for companies with a weak management foundation.
The three process planning methods, each with its own emphasis, can also be used comprehensively, generally dismantling the business value chain according to the strategy, sorting out the work content according to the organizational structure and job responsibilities, and supplemented by benchmarking analysis.
When designing the process framework, the internal control process can be sorted out according to the needs of the enterprise, so as to form a panorama of the overall process operation.
Top-level strategic layer: It is the top-level design of process management, which can include strategic management, budget management, performance management, investment management and other functional modules
Middle-level operation layer: mainly depicts the enterprise value chain, covering asset management, financing management, procurement management and other management modules, as well as specific business modules
Lower support layer: empower support and provide guarantee for enterprises, which are human resource management, financial management, administrative management, etc.
02. Process establishment stage
In the process establishment stage, when sorting out the specific process of a certain matter, first determine the relevant system corresponding to the process to ensure that the scope of application and management boundary of the process are consistent with the system, and then determine the output (expected result), input (preparation of materials) and process (processing link) of the process according to the three core elements of the process. Each process is composed of five parts: process description, flow chart, process link description, risk control matrix, and approval form. The process description is used to explain the scope of application of the process, the system documents, the management department and the implementation unit, etc.;The flow chart reflects the specific work steps of the matter and standardizes the work proceduresProcess link description: Sort out the responsible departments, positions and corresponding responsibilities according to the flow chart;The risk control matrix is used to identify key risk points and control key risks in process activitiesThe approval form is an indispensable element of process design and carries the flow of information.
03. Landing application stage
In the final application stage, in the process of implementing the process system, the "first unification" can be adopted.
First, after optimization, re-solidification" of the gradual idea of gradually advancing and introducing into the company's entire management and control system, the follow-up also needs to carry out revision, publicity, update, informatization and other optimization work, the general process of optimization work is: if each unit has any objections to the implementation or needs to modify the process, you can submit an application for change to the process working group;The revised plan shall be reviewed by the process working group, and the document can be issued for implementation after being approved by the chairman;Each department shall carry out the daily publicity and training work related to each line;At the same time, a periodic control update mechanism is established, and the process working group can regularly organize the adjustment and optimization of each control line, and the department responsible for informatization carries out the informatization solidification process.
In the process work, it is necessary to grasp the three key points of "full participation, comprehensive communication, and full practice", and the entire operation process can be the process of "replication-optimization-debugging" of the process.
First, all employees must participate. The implementation of process management requires the participation of all employees, including the top management of the company. Enterprises can set up a process team to promote the progress of the process before the start of the process work, track the whole process, and also facilitate the subsequent revision and update of the process. The process involves the interests of all parties, and the phenomenon of prevarication is most likely to occur, so it is recommended to clarify a leader in charge to take the lead and be responsible, which can facilitate coordination when various departments disagree.
Second, we must communicate comprehensively. The characteristics and difficulties of process work lie in the need to have a very good understanding of the operation of the enterprise, and a special understanding of each link of the regular process. This requires the management team to carry out process work to communicate with personnel at all levels at a high frequency, through a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of the operation process of personnel in different positions in actual work, find problems, and then optimize the process in a targeted manner, and simplify the process as much as possible on the basis of compliance.
Third, we must make every effort to practice. The approval and decision-making link of the process is inseparable from the reasonable division of control authority, so before compiling the process manual, enterprises should first establish a decentralization manual and clarify the interface of rights and responsibilities. Practice is the only criterion for testing the process, for the division of authority, it can be either "tight first and then loose", or "loose and then tight", and then adjust the authority to the most appropriate degree in the subsequent process trial operation.