Guqin is a typical literati art. Judging from the content of about 4,200 guqin scores and qin songs from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to modern times, the integration of ** and literature in the guqin is the oldest and the most representative. "Historical Records" said: Three hundred poems, Confucius is the ...... of string songsIt can be said that the guqin is closely linked to literature and is the crystallization of the elegant culture of the Chinese nation.
Notation. The special score of the guqin is a subtractive character score, which is a self-contained system. Invented by Cao Rou in the Tang Dynasty, it is concise and practical, because of its special "national character attributes", it gives great convenience to beginner learners, and it can also be said that "people who know Chinese characters can understand it as soon as they learn it, understand its meaning as soon as they understand it, and they can play it if they know its meaning." In his speech at the inauguration ceremony of the Beijing Guqin Culture Research Association, Mr. Lou Lie, a well-known Chinese scholar and consultant of the Beijing Guqin Culture Research Association, clearly advocated that "to learn the guqin, we should continue to use the subtractive notation to maintain the national attributes and traditional aesthetics of the guqin art."
Tuning the tune. The traditional guqin is set to a relative pitch, and now it is often said that "absolute pitch" has two main purposes, one is the need for music performance;The second is to meet the needs of the guqin and other musical instruments and vocals (such as for ensemble, ensemble, concerto, accompaniment, etc.). If it is just a guqin solo or study taste, you can be free, and you don't have to be too serious about the absolute pitch and be tired of it. Like some old pianists, they have never mastered absolute pitch in their lifetime, and the traditional silk strings can hardly reach absolute pitch, especially the thinnest seven strings. However, if you want to perform on a special occasion or play in an ensemble, etc., you should achieve the required pitch and, depending on the situation, tune the strings as needed.
The theme of the guqin repertoire is differentiated.
The theme of the guqin repertoire can be simply distinguished by its suffix, and there are four main types: "Chang, Cao, Yin, and Lane".
1.Chang. Da is both good for the world and beautiful and smooth. Chang is to express Confucianism's "self-cultivation and family governance of the country and the world", starting from oneself, first cultivating one's body and mind, and then settling one's own family, and then to govern the country, and then to govern the world, for the benefit of the people. In other words, the "Chang" in guqin music usually refers to a wonderful harmony, which is the harmony between man and heaven, full of joy, and is a qin song that expresses harmony. The literal meaning of "Chang" is smooth and smooth.
Therefore, when we enjoy the music with the name of "Chang", we will indeed have a pleasant and comfortable feeling. For example, the guqin song "Shenren Chang" is one of the only two guqin songs recorded before the Tang Dynasty with the theme of "Chang", and only one to five strings are used in the whole song. This song expresses the scene of the former tribal leader Yao playing the piano during the sacrifice, and the wonderful sound of the piano touched the heavens, causing the gods to descend and celebrate the grand ceremony with the people.
2.Exercise. Exercise refers to the discipline and standing exercise, establishing and adhering to one's own ethics, and being able to clean oneself and improve one's moral cultivation when one is not willing. "If you are poor, you will be good to yourself without losing your skills. This theme and Chang are complementary to each other, that is, when a person is poor and unable to "help the world", but as long as he can adhere to his own ethics and can "be good to himself", then he is still a gentleman. At this time, the theme of the music composed or played is called "". For example: fairy.
Among the existing guqin literature, qin songs with the name of "Cao" are the most common, and "Cao" qin songs were produced more in the pre-Qin period. There are not only works made by the pianist when he is in distress and "sorrow", but also by expressing the "Ming Zhi" of the gentleman's ambition, such as "Ancient Wind Exercise". According to the "History of the Qin", it is made by King Qu Naiwen, which is righteous, chasing the pure wind of the ancients, the people are not governed but not chaotic, self-confidence without speaking, and self-transformation without transformation.
3.Pull. The analysis in the "Qin Theory" is: the introducer, the cultivation of virtue, and the name of Shenda. In other words, the name is quoted to express one's aspirations. The word "citation" originally meant to extend and continue. There are also pianists who literally translate and interpret "introduction" as "introduction", which is the meaning of the narrative of the introduction. Listening to the qin music with the theme of "Introduction", most of them can feel the soothing and long artistic conception, such as "Taigu Yin". "Magical Secret Score" analyzes this qin song: its fun is calm and quiet, and those who drum it are lonely if they are separated from the land of nothing. You can go back to the ancient style under your fingers, reminisce about the past with the present, you can feel sad between singing and sighing, and there is an aftermath.
4.Do. The one who makes it has a smooth temperament and the name of Kuantai is also. "Lane" contains the artistic conception of entertainment. For example, the famous guqin song "Plum Blossom Three Alleys" was originally a flute song, and was later adapted into a qin song. "Three lanes" refers to the same tune being played three times. This repeated treatment is intended to metaphorize the heroic posture, unyielding personality and upward spirit of plum blossoms blooming in the cold wind.
In addition to these four main themes, there are also "chanting" and "tune".
Piano Thoughts. The best ideas of traditional guqin repertoire are no more than three categories: carrying the Tao, saying and aspiring, and declaring feelings. His creation, circulation and development reflect the world outlook and outlook on life of literati and doctors, and are closely related to their life, art and aesthetic tastes, and have become spiritual sustenance, moral cultivation norms and even standards for measuring identity and taste.
Famous guqin songs. The top ten ancient songs of the guqin are: "Xiaoxiang Water Cloud", "Guangling San", "High Mountains and Flowing Water", "Fishing Qiao Q&A", "Pingsha Falling Geese", "Yangchun White Snow", "Hu Ji Eighteen Beats", "Yangguan Three Stacks", "Plum Blossom Three Alleys", "Drunken Fishing Singing Night".
In contemporary times, there are also ten famous songs based on the popularity and artistic value of traditional repertoire: "Guangling San", "Flowing Water", "Youlan", "Xiaoxiang Water Cloud", "Plum Blossom Three Alleys", "Pingsha Falling Geese", "Yangguan Three Stacks", "Wine Mania", "Big Beard", "Guan Shanyue".
Article**: Guande Zhengxin - A Brief Introduction to Chinese Guqin Culture and Art
Author: Wu Han.