Vortex light
Vortex light is an interesting special type of light beam in which the light rays twist around its axis of travel in a spiral shape. Due to the distortion, the light waves on the shaft themselves cancel each other out. When projected onto a flat surface, the optical vortex looks like a halo with a black hole in the center. This center has a spiral of dark light called an optical vortex. Vortex light is also known as a spiral beam or photon vortex.
Depending on the number of times the light is twisted in a wavelength, the vortex beam is given a number called a topological charge. When the topological charge number is 1, it means that the phase is reversed one turn, and the topological charge number is 2. The topological load is always an integer and can be positive or negative, depending on the direction of the twist. The more twists you have, the faster the light will rotate around its axis. This rotation carries the orbital angular momentum of the wave train and will produce torque on the electric dipole.
Optical vortices can be studied by creating optical vortices in the laboratory in a variety of ways. They can be generated directly in the laser via electro-optical modulator parameters, however the most commonly used method of generating vortex light is a helical phase sheet.
At the center of the vortex light are the optical singularities, and the phases in the field circulate around these points of zero intensity (producing the name vortex). Swirls are points in a 2D field and lines in a 3D field (because they have a 2D of 2D). The phase of the integrating field around the path around the vortex produces an integer multiple of 2. This integer is called the topological charge or intensity of the vortex.