Rotary evaporator is a commonly used experimental equipment, mainly used for the evaporation and concentration of liquids. It uses the principle of boiling point reduction, rotational heating and condensation to quickly and efficiently evaporate the solvent from the sample and obtain the desired purified product.
Structural composition
The rotary evaporator consists of the following key components: the heating system, the ** system, the cooling system, and the vacuum system.
1) The first is the heating system. Rotary evaporators are usually equipped with an electromagnetic or resistive heating device that controls the temperature at the bottom of the sample vessel. By adjusting the heating power and temperature sensor, the temperature of the sample can be precisely controlled, providing constant and uniform heating conditions within a certain range.
2) The system is an important part of the realization of solvents. During rotational evaporation, the volatilized solvent needs to be collected and refluxed to the liquid phase for further processing or storage. Common methods include condensing pipes and freezers. The volatilized gaseous solvent is condensed by a cooling system and returned to the container in liquid form for recycling.
3) The cooling system usually consists of a condenser and a coolant. Condensers can be divided into two types: direct contact type and indirect contact type. A direct contact condenser is a gaseous solvent that is in direct contact with a cooling medium, such as water, and a condensation reaction occurs on its surface, thereby converting the solvent into a liquid state. Indirect contact condensers use heat transfer pipes to direct the gaseous solvent to an external heat exchanger device, where heat dissipation causes the solvent to lose heat and condense.
4) The vacuum system plays an important role in the rotational evaporation process. By establishing a certain negative pressure environment, the boiling point of the liquid can be lowered, the evaporation rate can be increased, and the sample can be protected from oxidation, decomposition or contamination. The vacuum system consists of a vacuum pump, a valve, and a pressure gauge, which can control the pressure inside the equipment and vacuum the sample container.
There are the following things to keep in mind when using a rotary evaporator:
1.Safe operation: Because the solvents used can be volatile or toxic, appropriate precautions must be taken when performing experiments to ensure the safety of operators.
2.Equipment maintenance and cleaning: Since a small amount of liquid remains inside the container, it needs to be cleaned regularly to avoid cross-contamination or clogging of the pipes. At the same time, it is also necessary to carry out routine maintenance and overhaul work on the instrument to ensure its normal operation and extend its service life.
3.Sample filling: When conducting evaporation experiments, care should be taken to select the size, shape and material of the sample container reasonably, and ensure that the sample is filled evenly and does not exceed the maximum capacity of the container.
4.Operational parameter settingsAccording to the needs of different experiments, the heating power, temperature, vacuum degree and other parameters are reasonably set, and monitored and adjusted regularly. Especially when using new equipment or processing a new type of sample for the first time, it is important to conduct a small area test and document the operating parameters.
Rotary evaporator is an important experimental equipment, which is widely used in liquid evaporation and concentration processes in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals and other fields. It works together with a heating system, a ** system, a cooling system, and a vacuum system to quickly and efficiently evaporate the solvent from the sample and obtain the desired purified product. When using rotary evaporators, it is necessary to pay attention to issues such as operational safety, equipment maintenance and cleaning, and set reasonable operating parameters to ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the experiment.