As the old saying goes, "a woman is virtuous if she has no talent", the actual focus is on the first half of the sentence, why do few people know?
In ancient times, in order to distinguish between a person's virtue and evil deeds, people valued. Morality. And.
Only", there is an idiom called.
Both ability and political integrity", meaning to speak highly of a person. In fact, the structure of this idiom is quite interesting:"Morality. At. Only
before, but this is not a coincidence, but the universal values of the ancients.
Saying goes. A woman's lack of talent is virtue"。In today's society, where equality between men and women is regarded as equality, many women feel uncomfortable when they hear this sentence and feel that it is discrimination against women. In fact, the correct explanation and point of this proverb are hidden in the first half of the sentence:"If a person is virtuous, he is capable", but almost no one knows about it. According to our understanding today, the general meaning is that a virtuous person is a talented person. This sentence makes people blush when they hear it, and it is completely inconsistent with our feelings.
Onlyawareness.
In fact, the reason why we understand this sentence so quickly is because we have misinterpreted the meaning of the ancients. Therefore, I would like to have a good discussion with my distinguished colleagues today to see what it is.
What does it mean. Some experts pointed out"A woman's lack of talent is virtue. . Convenient.
Words, in fact, are.
Distinguish. Word, that is, the meaning of discernment. According to this interpretation, the true meaning of this proverb is: if a man is virtuous, the world will distinguish between him and his untalented;If a woman is not talented, the world will distinguish between virtuous and unvirtuous.
If this is the original meaning, it can be interpreted to mean that whether men and women are virtuous or talented, virtue and harmony are fundamental, and ability is only secondary. Though. Convenient. And.
Distinguish. The synonymous view is not universally accepted, but this understanding is very much in line with the values of the ancients. If we accept the second understanding, although this understanding still seems to emphasize the importance of virtue, but.
Talent has been completely ignored for thousands of years.
The argument is not supported by the mainstream.
It is worth noting that this sentence first came from the Qing Dynasty historian Zhang Dai's "Public Sacrifice of Mrs. Qi", which recorded a sentence called.
Mei Gong. The man said a word:
This one. Mei Gong.
Who is it?The original words came from the mouth of the famous writer Chen Jiru in the Ming Dynasty, and Chen Jiru was called Mei Gong. The Ming and Qing dynasties were very close to the modern era, and the ideas were also closer to the modern era. Chen Jiru himself is a descendant of the Yangming School, and unlike the Chengzhu School, the Yangming School's thinking is more pragmatic, so it is impossible for him not to consider the opinions of talented and beautiful people.
From this, it can be seen that will.
Mingmingde. Explained as:
Mingmingde. More realistic. So, why did the ancients put. Morality. Placed.
Yes. What about before?Isn't Cao Cao's approach?
Appoint people on their merits. Is it?What do you think of these seemingly contradictory and illogical facts?Let me start at the beginning.
From before the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the power of the world gradually shifted from the powerful hereditary families to the lower classes, and the selection of talents for the country became the main task of any **. It is no longer advisable to have hereditary families and raise soldiers for their own use, as in the pre-Qin period, so more civilian talents must be encouraged to govern the country. So, what are the criteria for selecting these talents?The answer is character and talent.
The selection criteria are well known, but how are they evaluated?Character is not innate, but is acquired from the mouth of others, so a person must have a reputation in order to be appointed. There was in the Han Dynasty.
Probationary system", local officials select local national talents. Han Dynasty put.
Govern the country with filial piety. The policy has been taken to the extreme, so this kind of examination is basically based on the examination of filial piety, but those who are interested can see that corruption may be encouraged here. Unconsciously, by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, this system had developed.
Xiucai is illiterate, filial piety and honesty leave his father.
to the point of . Xiucai (there was no imperial examination at that time, so he was not a later Xiucai) was illiterate, and Xiaolian was separated from his parents (considered unfilial by the locals), indicating that this system was flawed.
During the Wei and Jin dynasties, Chen Qun pioneered.
Zhongzheng nine products in the positive system", let the state select**. However, this palliative approach eventually led to:
There is no cold door in the upper grade, and there is no champion in the lower grade.
phenomenon. So, starting with Emperor Su Wendi, the imperial examination began to be held. Since then, aptitude tests have ceased to be subjective, but have become quantitative criteria. However, the imperial examination is not a university entrance examination, but a selection system that serves the state, so it does not require a monster who has only read the Four Books and Five Classics to do anything. Many Confucians in the Tang and Song dynasties tried to reform the imperial examinations, such as attaching importance to articles and examining the political opinions of candidates, but these were palliatives rather than root causes. After all, Zhao Kuo'On paper'The absurdity of this story is still recorded in history today.
If the previous selection system was based on morality, then the imperial examination seems to be a test of ability. Actually, as I said before, it is only a competition of reading and writing ability, and it does not measure a person's ability to do things. Isn't it child's play that we can't make state affairs a compulsory subject for examinees?
Talent is unstable, therefore, in order to prevent the delay of political affairs due to the disqualification of one person or others, the construction of state institutions has become more and more unnecessary, and their operation has become more and more gradual, so that in the absence of any one institution, the cycle pattern that still exists today will appear. As individual talents became irrelevant, the nation as a whole began to place greater emphasis on personal virtues, such as respect for elders and hierarchical order.
Virtue. Become the default rule of officialdom. From this point of view, plus almost no one knows about it.
Those who are virtuous must be talented.
In the first half of this sentence, let's go back.
A woman's lack of talent is virtue
Doesn't this sentence seem much more pleasing to the ear?
For those who enter the center of power, personal ability is not really important. Whether in officialdom or in society, it is impossible to be free of rules, so character is preferable to behavioral constraints. As for women, first of all, in ancient times, women were subordinate to men only because they existed, so of course the aborigines' requirements for men were not too strict, as long as they had moral character, could teach their husbands and children, and were diligent and thrifty, it was enough.