On December 15, the Ministry of Science and Technology announced the latestReport on the Development of China's Science and Technology Talents (2022)., where the data shows:The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in China increased from 324 in 201270,000 to 635 in 202240,000 peopleAt present, it has been ranked first in the world.
Full-time equivalent of R&D personnel'" is an internationally accepted index of scientific and technological manpower investment, which meansThe amount of work calculated by the actual R&D activities carried out by researchers is measured in "person-years".
In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have begun to flock to the world stage. The full-time equivalent of R&D personnel ranks first in the world, which also shows that China is now an indisputable country of scientific and technological talents. As the focus of attention in the global technology field, what dazzling achievements has China's science and technology made in the past decade?What shortcomings do we have that need to be overcome?
At the beginning of the birth of the People's Republic of China, the country was in ruins, scientific and technological talents were withering, and the scientific undertaking was completely starting from scratch. In 1956, China issued a call to follow the principle of focusing on development and catching up, and to march with all its might towards science.
In just a few years, scientific research institutes across the country have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain, inspiring overseas students to serve the country eagerlyQian Xuesen, Hua Luogeng, Zhu GuangyaThe experts represented by the representative have overcome all difficulties and returned to the embrace of the motherland one after another to contribute to the development of national science and technology.
In the 50s and 70s of the last century, scientific research achievements close to the world level rapidly emerged in our country:The first electron tube computer, semiconductor triode, and diode were successfully developed, and the first carrier rocket, the first hydrogen bomb, and the first artificial satellite were successfully developed...In the most difficult era, the history of China's scientific research has left the most colorful stroke.
History has proved to us that science and technology and talents always converge towards countries with more innovation potential, and since the beginning of the new century, the world has set off a new transformation in science and technology and industry. It coincides with the most politically and economically stable period in China, which is also a major opportunity that has been unattainable for thousands of years.
The ruler of the world lies in talent, and talent is the primary resource for the development of science and technology. onIt's our country that shouts out againRejuvenate the country through science and education and strengthen the country with talentsThe slogan of the company has continuously improved its scientific research environment, including:Expand the autonomy of scientific researchers, use incentive mechanisms, and expand scientific and technological leaders and young reserve talentsWait a minute.
As a result, in 2013, the total number of R&D personnel in China officially surpassed that of the United States, and in 2018, it rose to 4.19 million person-years, which was 62 times as much. In 2022, the total number of R&D personnel will increase again to 63540,000 people, reaching the top of the world for the first time.
In terms of scientific research funding, in the past, we were always stretched thin due to economic development, but since the beginning of the new century, China's economic development has been rapid and rapidly, which has also greatly stimulated the investment in scientific research.
In 2017, the state allocated 8,383 for the science and technology industry600 million yuan, which is more than 130 times that of 1980In 2022, China's total investment in R&D and experimental development was nearly 3,078.3 billion yuan, an increase of 10 percent over the previous year1%, another record high. With China's booming economy, research will only flourish.
In recent years, the scientific research results brought by China's continuous high R&D investment are also gratifying. First of all, in terms of science, the three major retrieval tools of foreign "Science Citation Index (SCI)", "Engineering Index (EI)" and "Index of Scientific and Technological Conference Proceedings (CPCI)" are included respectivelyChina's scientific research**4180,000 articles, 2660,000 and 590,000 articles, the number is ranked in order of 12.3 bits.
The fruitful achievements of our country are not only reflected in quantity, but more importantly in quality. According to statistics,In 2018, Chinese science was the second most cited in the world.
The second is patents, and the number of patent applications and authorizations in China in 2018 is432.30,000 pieces and 24480,000 pieces, a sharp increase since 199186 times and 98 times
Some people will question that there are many patents in China, but here we use the invention patents that best demonstrate the level of innovation as an example. In 2018, the number of invention patents in China was 15420,000 pieces, accounting for 35 of the total number of patents7%, an average of 70 invention patent applications can be born per 100 million yuan of R&D expenses, which shows that China's patent output efficiency has been significantly improved.
Aside from these statistics, what concrete results have been achieved in China's scientific research in the past decade?
First of allArtificial intelligence, deep space exploration, genomics, and energy securityChina has been at the forefront of the world's leading technology fields. Artificial intelligence is the core of future scientific and technological development, and China is inComputer vision, natural language processing, machine learning, and 5GMany breakthroughs have been made and a series of major achievements have been obtained.
In terms of deep space exploration, China has completed several manned space missions and achieved the moon landing program as expected, and is expected to carry out Mars exploration in the future, when China is expected to become the first country in the world to land on Mars.
In terms of genetic recombination and energy security, China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources, which has provided an important reference for medical health and human genes. And vigorously developSolar, wind and nuclearto make a good contribution to global energy.
The second is chip technology, the United States has always been the leader of the global chip industry, with a high degree of monopoly characteristics. And not long ago, my country independently developed itLoongarch and GPU chip architecture, successfully breaking the dilemma of ARM and X86 monopoly for many years. Although it is slightly inferior in performance, China is currently researching chip superposition and chiplet technology to improve chip performance at one time.
It is precisely because of the rapid development of Chinese chips that the United States began to worry about its chip hegemony and began to impose restrictions, sanctions and other measures on Chinese chips, in a vain attempt to curb the progress of Chinese chips.
Good news from heaven is frequent, and China is also fruitful in the field of going to the sea. In 2020, the Endeavor successfully sat on the bottom of the Mariana Trench with a diving depth of 10,909 meters, setting a new record for China's manned deep diving. Before 2002, our country's manned diving never exceeded 600 meters, and now we have been able to achieve a depth of 10,000 meters, a process that took us 18 years.
The 10,000-meter deep dive of the Fighter officially marks that China has the ability to conduct scientific research and exploration to the deepest part of the ocean.
Finally, the shale formations will be precipitated for hundreds of millions of years, and there will be a steady stream of natural gas claiming to contain methane, also known as shale gas.
In 2018, China's Fuling shale gas field produced a total of 20 billion cubic meters of shale gas, announcing that shale gas has entered the stage of large-scale commercial development. According to the survey, the resources of the Fuling shale gas field are as high as2.1 trillion cubic meters, second only to North America in the world, making China the third country in the world with the ability to develop commercial shale gas.
The latest report shows thatIn 110 hot frontiers and 55 emerging fields, China has won a total of 52 global firsts, ranking second in the world in terms of the number of leads. This is a demonstration of China's advanced science and technology, and it is an unprecedented phenomenon.
Although the overall situation of China's scientific research is changing with each passing day, there are also some shortcomings.
Shi Yigong, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and president of Westlake University, once named him in his speech, he saidAlthough China's scientific research talent pool has been greatly expanded with the development of higher education, it is still facing a shortage of top talents.
It is true that although China currently has a rich talent pool, and the number of highly cited scientists in the world has increased from 111 in 2014 to 1,169 in 2022, the number of top talents is still slightly insufficient compared with other major scientific and technological countries, so how can we change the status quo?
Diversity and differentiation are the best ways to foster innovation, so we can try to bring together people from different regions, cultures, and even ethnicities, so that innovation can bring unique energy. In other words, thinkTo promote the development of science and technology faster, it is necessary to cooperate with top talents across regions and races.
I believe that it is the common vision of all mankind to build a more open and diverse research environment and bring about a more prosperous and stable society in the world through the exchange of cutting-edge talents between countries.