On October 1, 1950, the first birthday of the People's Republic of China, when the whole country was celebrating, ** received an urgent letter for help from Kim Il Sung.
On this day, the US-led "United **" ignored China's warnings and crossed the "38th parallel", making the situation precarious. **Urgently convened*** for an emergency meeting to discuss whether to send troops to North Korea.
Sending troops to North Korea was a major decision, so the meeting was hotly discussed, but no clear conclusions were reached.
Subsequently, ** convened several meetings to solicit opinions on sending troops to North Korea. It was not until October 5 that the decision was finally made to send troops to North Korea.
However, on October 18, the eve of the Chinese People's Volunteers sending troops to North Korea, Politburo members were still at loggerheads over the decision.
On this day, **returned to Beijing from the Soviet Union and **returned to Beijing from the Northeast, **immediately convened** meeting.
The main purpose of the meeting was to listen to the reports of *** and *** and to determine the specific time for sending troops to North Korea. ** The news brought back was: the Soviet Union will not send troops to aid China for the time being;And what *** brought back was: the Northeast region is ready to participate in the Korean war.
Although the Soviet Union's non-military presence was the main reason for opposing it at first, the matter had been discussed countless times, and now that the arrow was on the line, it was useless for the Politburo members to argue again.
** Eventually insisted that others were too worried about the details, and that it would have been better with Soviet aid, but that without aid, China would still have to confront the United States.
Despite the many difficulties, the decision of the Volunteers to send troops to North Korea cannot be changed, and the departure time is also imminent.
At 21 o'clock that night, ** ordered: The Chinese People's Volunteers sent troops to Korea on the 19th as originally planned.
It took a difficult thought process and ended up making a very challenging decision.
At that time, China and the United States did not have an advantage in terms of equipment, especially since the United States had a strong air force and firmly controlled air supremacy. This reality is clearly presented in the comparison between China and the United States listed by ***.
At the meeting, ** and others expressed their views. At that time, the domestic economy was in a period of recovery and people's lives were gradually recovering, so the cost of sending troops to North Korea was huge, and if it failed, it would have serious consequences.
**Chaired an enlarged meeting of the Politburo on October 2 with an expanded range of participants and in-depth discussions on sending troops to North Korea. In the afternoon of the same day, ** and others reached a preliminary consensus on sending troops to Korea.
To ensure adequate preparation, two major decisions were made overnight.
First of all, he ordered Gao Gang, then commander and political commissar of the Northeast Military Region, and Deng Hua, commander of the 13th Group Army of the Northeast Frontier Army, to prepare for the war in Korea.
Secondly, a telegram was sent to Stalin indicating that whether China solved the Korean problem depended on whether the Soviet Union would aid ** equipment. Despite this statement in the telegram, *** did not blame the Soviet Union for the decisive factor in the outcome of the war. In fact, this was done in order to force Stalin to support as much Chinese equipment as possible.
It should be pointed out that ** is not taken for granted, because in February of that year, China and the Soviet Union signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance". And the Korean War was also waged by Kim Il Sung with the secret support of Stalin.
It is obvious that Stalin could not sit idly by, regardless of whether the Soviet Union wanted to intervene in China or not.
** After identifying two major issues, the question of choosing a leader began to be reconsidered.
Su Yu was adept at commanding large legions in battle, but unfortunately his health was seriously problematic at this time.
* Having fought in Northeast China for many years, he is also a suitable candidate.
However, ** I am not in favor of sending troops and use health problems as an excuse, so I can only look for other candidates.
After some deliberation, ** became the obvious choice.
On October 4, a special plane took *** from Xi'an to Beijing, and he attended the Politburo meeting that afternoon. The meeting was still focused on whether to send troops to North Korea, but *** did not express any opinions at the meeting.
On the morning of October 5th, ** and *** went to meet *** together and listened to ***'s opinion on sending troops, and put forward a proposal to let him be the commander.
And *** simply said: "I will resolutely obey the decision of **." ”
In the process of decision-making, there were a series of twists and turns.
On the afternoon of October 5, the Politburo meeting was held again, and this meeting was aimed at making a decision on whether to send troops to the DPRK. Because delaying decision-making means losing a fighter.
Although there was still opposition to sending troops, the meeting eventually passed a resolution to send troops to North Korea.
On October 8, ** ordered the establishment of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army.
At the same time, **went to Moscow to discuss with Stalin **support and air support;And *** went to the northeast to hold a war readiness meeting.
It was also on this day that ** called Kim Il Sung and announced China's decision to send troops to North Korea.
Kim Il Sung saw the promise of this decision, but he did not know how difficult it would be to make it.
Preparations in the Northeast went well, but the talks with Stalin did not turn out as expected.
Stalin, in order to avoid a direct conflict with the United States, temporarily decided that the Soviet Air Force would not intervene in the Korean theater and would only provide ** equipment support.
* The Politburo has repeatedly discussed sending troops to North Korea, but the outcome has not been definitively changed.
At the same time, in the USSR, according to the instructions, more equipment support was enlisted in order to involve the Air Force in the battle as soon as possible.
After returning to Beijing, ** and *** reported to the Politburo, which sparked a debate among the committee members.
From October 1 to October 18, the Politburo held several meetings to discuss the issue of sending troops to North Korea, but each time the results did not change much, with both support and opposition voices coexisting, and the decision has been vacillating.
** Always a staunch advocate of sending troops, but not a militant. He had been closely following the situation in the Korean War, and the decision to send troops was carefully considered.
The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and Kim Il-sung's decision was tacitly supported by Stalin.
After the end of World War II, the world was divided into two camps, based on ideology, represented by socialism and capitalism by the Soviet Union and the United States respectively.
The DPRK, supported by the Soviet Union, showed strong background support.
Although the war was ostensibly described as a civil war on the Korean Peninsula, it was in fact a struggle between the two great powers of the United States and the Soviet Union, and a confrontation between the capitalist and socialist camps.
The Korean army, led by Kim Il Sung, showed its strength in the early stages of the war, and the South Korean army was defeated one after another.
On June 26, the United States actively demonstrated its support for South Korea by mobilizing its navy and air force to provide support near the 38th parallel, while also sending the Seventh Fleet into the Taiwan Strait as a demonstration of its military presence in the region.
In the face of the U.S. assertive posture, China reacted quickly, mobilizing more than 200,000 field troops to gather on the northeastern border on July 13 to form the Northeast Border Guard to guard against possible provocations.
The obvious military power of the United States is impressive, which also prompted China to urgently order ** equipment from the Soviet Union, even though the Chinese economy is not rich.
The situation gradually escalated, and Kim Il Sung's attempt to unify the Korean Peninsula was on the verge of completion, but at this time the United States ** Truman ordered the Navy and Air Force to have the right to cross the 38th parallel, hinting at unease about the situation.
Faced with an urgent situation, Kim Il Sung quickly turned to the Soviet Union for help, but the Soviet Union did not express its support for North Korea, much to Kim Il Sung's disappointment. North Korea then sought China's help and received a positive response.
On September 15, the "United **" landed at Incheon led by the US military and fully intervened in the Korean War.
As the U.S. military was about to cross the 38th parallel, China issued a warning, stressing that if the U.S. military crossed the border without authorization, China would never sit idly by.
Despite its emerging power, China is undaunted by the United States, a capitalist powerhouse. The United States has ignored China's warnings and has continued to insist on its actions on the Korean Peninsula.
On October 1, 1950, the U.S. military decisively crossed the 38th parallel, and the provocation became an important consideration for China to send troops to North Korea.
The United States was overconfident, and like most countries at the time, they believed that China would not and would not dare to intervene in the Korean War.
As a matter of fact, the war between New China and the "joint **" led by the United States is really a challenge, and it is full of determination to make the enemy strong with a weak enemy. After all, the United States far surpasses China in terms of overall national strength and military strength.
** It is not unaware of the objective factors of the situation in North Korea, but the intentions of the United States are obvious.
After crossing the 38th parallel, the US military advanced north to the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea, and even bombed the Dandong area of Liaoning, China. Whatever its intentions, this points to a fact that cannot be ignored: once North Korea becomes a U.S. military stronghold, China, as a border with North Korea, will be surrounded by powerful enemies.
Previously, the US Seventh Fleet had entered the Taiwan Strait, and now Northeast China is also exposed to US firepower. If China does not intervene in North Korean affairs, the tranquility of the new China will become a problem.
Therefore, after several meetings of the Politburo did not reach an agreement, he insisted on sending troops to North Korea.
On the eve of the Volunteer Army's departure, there were endless disputes within the Politburo. Although it is called a small thing, in fact, the heart is more nervous than anyone else.
Strategically underestimate the enemy, tactically attach importance to the enemy - this is the consistent style of ***.
From the time the Volunteers attacked Korea on October 19 to the successive victories in two battles, they devoted all their efforts to thinking and deploying the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
Although he did not personally go to the front line to command, he maintained close contact with the command of the Volunteer Army and commanded the soldiers to fight bravely.
According to the recollections of the staff around him, he almost never left the room, not even out of bed, and focused on reading documents, telegrams, or drafting battle plans and sending them to the front.
After learning that the Volunteer Army had won the first battle, he wrote a poem to express his state of mind.
The poet sang a magnificent voice, the front line was pleasantly ringing, and the flag was raised on the Miaoxiang Mountain. ”
**Due to long-term uninterrupted work, there was a physical problem, which caused the news of Mao Anying's sacrifice on the Korean battlefield not to be immediately reported to him. On the Korean battlefield, not only Mao Anying sacrificed his life, but also many volunteers sacrificed bravely, and finally won the victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The sacrifice of countless brave volunteer soldiers made the war victorious, making U.S. Army Representative Clark the first U.S. general to sign a victorious armistice. The war also shattered the myth of American invincibility.
The brutality of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was shocking, but it was this war that significantly enhanced the national and military prestige of New China and became a battle for the founding of the country.
Although few people know about it, before sending troops to North Korea, Politburo members debated fiercely about whether to send troops to North Korea. Eventually, the dispute was settled with one sentence: "You guys are making too much of a fuss." "This cemented the decision to send troops to North Korea.
**'s wisdom and foresight have once again been proven, and the Chinese People's Volunteers fought bravely and wrote a tragic chapter.