Nightshade vegetables are prone to the following diseases in the seedling stage or after planting, and should be used in time according to the symptoms.
1. Cataplexy: This disease is one of the most common diseases in the seedling stage of nightshade vegetables. At the beginning, it was a water-soaked lesion at the base of the seedling, and then the lesion expanded rapidly around the stem, and the base of the young stem shrunk into a thin line, and soon became soft and lodging, but the young leaves still remained green. When wet, white mold grows on the tissues and floor. Optionally 722% downy mildew carb water agent 600 times liquid spray or root irrigation control.
2. Blight Blight mostly occurs in the middle and late stages of tomato and pepper seedlings. At the beginning of the disease, oval dark brown lesions are formed at the base of the seedling base, the diseased seedlings wilt during the day and return to normal at night, when the lesions surround the base, the seedlings gradually die, but they stand upright and do not lodging. Concentric rings and light brown arachnoid mold layers in the affected area are important differences from cataplexy. It can be used with 1000 times of 20% methyl phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate, or 1200 times of 30% benzene cyanide emulsifiable concentrate for root irrigation.
3. Stem base rot mainly harms the stem base or underground main side roots of seedlings or seedlings after planting, and the affected part is dark brown, and develops around or to the roots, and the cortex is rotten and easy to peel off. Stem base rot and blight pathogens belong to the same genus of Sclerotinia solinochia, and the drugs used are the same.
4. Blight disease The disease is the main disease of bell pepper and pepper seedlings, the base of the affected seedling stem is dark green water-stained soft rot or cataplexy, and some stem base counties are black and brown, and the seedlings are easy to wither and die. After the planting of bell pepper and chili pepper in summer, the seedlings mostly showed that the brassy stalks at the decentralization area turned black-brown or black, and the xylem of the victim shrank, and in severe cases, they fell to the ground and died. The pathogenic bacteria of epidemic disease and cataplexy disease are the same fungi, and the drugs used for prevention and control are the same.
5. It is caused by high soil moisture, excessive fertilizer application or application of unrotted hot fertilizer. After the seedlings are unearthed, they do not have new roots for a long time, and the outer skin of the roots is rusty brown, gradually rotting, the aboveground part is wilted, and the leaf edge is scorched. The prevention and control method is to avoid excessive watering, and the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed before use.
Integrated disease control measures at seedling stage Cataplexy, blight, blight and basal rot are all easily transmitted by seeds or soil carriers, so seed treatment and nutrient soil disinfection should be carried out before seedling raising. Each cubic meter of nutrient soil is mixed with 250 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection, and at the same time, it is soaked in 1000 times of 30 benzene cyanocyanide emulsifiable concentrate for 6 hours, and the germination or live broadcast with medicine can effectively prevent the above 4 diseases.
The prevention and control of seedling diseases should be based on strengthening cultivation management and disease control, such as turning over the soil, intensive cultivation, high and deep furrows, applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer, early spring film mulching or nutrient bowl seedlings. Special attention should be paid to the drainage of vegetable fields and the leveling of the waw surface to prevent water from flooding the seedlings. Before sowing old vegetable plots, the soil should be treated with 75% sodium disulfonate soluble powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder in combination with land preparation, with a dosage of 5 8 grams per square meter. Vegetable plots where cataplexy often occurs can be treated with 35% methamanine wettable powder, according to the weight of the seeds 02%~0.33% of the dosage was sown after seed dressing. In the early stage of the disease in the field, the above-mentioned agents can be used to make medicinal soil according to the same dosage and sprinkle, or sprinkle with grass ash and an appropriate amount of dry soil after mixing, which also has a certain effect.