As a lyricist, Xin Qiji is great;As a hero, he is also a light for the ages. He is not only strategizing on paper, but also like Li Guang, he can ride a horse and a mink Qiu, charge into the camp of ten thousand enemies, smash Huanglong, and slash Loulan with a sword. He "promised himself with meritorious deeds, and conceited himself with integrity" (Fan Kai's "Jiaxuan Word Order") throughout his life, all he thought about was "to win the king's affairs in the world, and to win the name before and after his death" (Breaking the Circle, Drunk and Picking Up the Lamp and Looking at the Sword).
However, such a general, "After 50 years in the office, he is not an old official in the court, but he is only a handsome in Jiangnan." Xie Fangde's "The Tomb of Mr. Jiaxuan") has also been dismissed many times, and he was forced to live in rural Jiangxi for nearly 20 years in the prime of his life. He devoted himself to the great cause of resisting gold but failed to become a hero who killed the enemy and restored the country, but was thrown into idleness and scattered, and died in the forest. From this point of view, his life cannot but be considered a tragedy.
It has always been believed that Wang Lin and others' "rumors and slanders" and "unprovoked attacks" on Xin Qiji are the main reasons for the tragedy of Xin Qiji's unpaid ambition. This may not be the case. Lu You said in "Sending Xin You'an Palace to Build a Dynasty", saying that Xin Qijian "sighed from the ancient times". To borrow the words "big" and "small", losing big because of small may be the real regrettable thing about the tragedy of Xin Qiji's life.
Xin Qiji not only has a strong patriotic feeling, but also has courage and strategy, both civil and military, and is skilled in strategy. Jin Ge Iron Horse in his youth and his deeds in Chuzhou, Jiangxi, Hunan, Longxing, Fuzhou and other places, I will not talk much for the time being. It can be seen from such articles as "Ten Treatises on Mei Qin", "Nine Discussions", "On Blocking the River as a Dangerous Place", and "On Jingxiang Upper Reaches as an Important Land in the Southeast" that he proceeded from the reality of the War of Resistance against Jin and put forward a practical political and military strategy for expelling the enemy, recovering the lost territory, and realizing national reunification. In response to the argument that "the War of Resistance against Japan will perish" that was very loud after Fu Li's defeat, Xin Qiji was unmoved, and analyzed in detail and carefully the various contradictions in the ruling area of the Jurchen aristocratic regime, exposed the weak nature of its external strength and middle cadres, and made the conclusion that "Yi Dizhi ** cannot live in China for a long time" The War of Resistance will be won.
He believed that in order to regain lost territory and win a war, it is necessary to make full preparations for war in an orderly manner and from all sides. He stressed the need to actively prepare for the war in five aspects:
1) Mental preparation. He believed that as long as he put forward the "Peerless Coin and the Capital of Jinling" was implemented, he would be able to "make the spirit of the three armies" internally and "break the enemy's heart" externally.
2) Raise the morale of the army. In view of the phenomenon that there were many civilian generals in the Southern Song Dynasty army, he advocated that each army should have a competent staff officer to facilitate command, and put forward the technique of "courage" that distinguishes between generals and soldiers: for generals, "nobles and admire them", and for soldiers and soldiers, they "relieve their grievances because they are outnumbered" and "give quick rewards and sympathize with their deaths".
3) Eclectic and reuse talents. He advocated that "meritocracy is an example", and clearly put forward the principle of "appointing meritocracy to enable ability" (on Jingxiang being an important place in the southeast), and he hoped that Song Xiaozong would take Yue Goujian, Han Gaozu, and Tang Xuanzong as models, and employ people "not to slander" and "not to be sympathetic to small sections".
4) Reward ploughing and warfare, and all people are soldiers. He attached importance to the role of the masses of the people, advocated the implementation of the "tuntian" system, and the establishment of a militia armed force capable of producing in peacetime and fighting in wartime, and put forward specific measures for implementation.
5) Go all out and do everything to fight gold. He advocated concentrating manpower and material resources on the War of Resistance and reforming financial management. The specific implementation strategy is "cost saving" and "public power". The former emphasized the saving of all unnecessary expenses, and the latter emphasized that the imperial court should not abuse the power of the people.
On the basis of analyzing the war situation and planning for war preparedness, he put forward practical strategies and tactics for defeating the enemy. Strategically, he believed that the war against Kim was a protracted war, not a quick decisive battle. Therefore, this is because under the long-term rule of the capitulation faction, the morale of the military and the people of the Southern Song Dynasty has been seriously damagedThe long-term situation of Gou'an has made people "not know what is going on in the war";In terms of economic strength, "the country's strength is depleted day by day", and the treasury is not enough to support it. Chen Liang, "The First Book of Emperor Shangxiaozong") Therefore, we can only actively prepare for war and wait for the opportunity.
In terms of tactics, he believed that to recover the Central Plains, it was necessary to start with Shandong, which was "easy in shape and heavy in its strength", and advocated "attacking it unprepared and taking it by surprise", that is, using inferior rhetoric and heavy coins to create a false impression of subservience to the Jin people, so as to paralyze the enemy, make him proud and complacent, and slack his thinkingOr, publicly declare their readiness to fight, leaving it in a state of tension and fatigue. He also advocated expanding the battlefield to the rear of the Jin people, sending people to penetrate into the enemy's interior, and taking advantage of the enemy's contradictions to carry out "conspiracy" work so that they would kill themselves miserably.
After Xin Qiji was 32 years old, some people among his friends said that he "has literary and military talents, and a great man" (Cui Dunli's "Gongjiao Collection, Dai Yanzi Wen Chuzhou Dian Pillow Building") Some said that he was engaged in the "Zhou Gongjin and Xie An careers" back then, and believed that if Nan ** changed the policy of compromise and surrender, he could take on the same great responsibility as Zhou and Xie (Hong Mai's "Jiaxuan Ji"), Chen Liang praised him: "The vision is sharp, enough to reflect the pride of the first generation, and the back is negative, enough to carry the weight of the four countries." (Xin Jiaxuan's Portrait Praise) Huang Gan praised and said: "Ming Gong is resolute and resolute, and he is a man of the real world." (With Xin Jiaxuan's Shilang Book) Xin school lyricist Liu Guo's "Qinyuan Chun" praised his military talent can be compared with the Eastern Jin Dynasty general Tao Kan, "There is no one in ancient times, you can be like me, who is Jiaxuan." With the governor of the seven states, although Tao Kan is clever and wise, he may not be able to poetry. ”
Liu Kezhuang was born in the eventful period of poverty and weakness in the Southern Song Dynasty, and he knew current affairs well, and his comments on current politics were to the point. He once exclaimed, "Woohoo!."With the divine martial arts of the filial piety emperor, and when the public is prosperous, he does what he says and makes the best of his talents, even if he does not seal the wolf, how can he put the Central Plains outside the degree!The opportunity is poor, as for the opening of the jubilee, it is to the civil and military ministers who want to exhaust it, and the public is also old. Yu read his book and was deeply saddened" (Xin Jiaxuan Collection Preface).
It means that under the historical conditions of the Southern Song Dynasty, which rose to become the main contradiction, the ideology, strategy and tactics of Xin Qiji's War of Resistance reflected the aspirations and demands of the people, conformed to the direction of historical development, and also showed Xin Qiji's extraordinary military talent. If he had followed his plan for the war against the Jin, it would have been possible to expel the Jurchen nobles and regain the lost territory. However, due to various reasons, his ambitions and talents did not even have the opportunity to "try", and he left some "wise and upright" articles and lyrics of "Crossing the Liuhe, Sweeping the Eternals". It's a pity.
In the eighth year of Chunxi (1181), Xin Qiji, who was in charge of the Liangzhejiang West Road Prison, was supervised by the imperial historian Wang Lin **, saying that he was "treacherous, greedy and violent, handsome Hunan Ri, and abused the fields" (Song Huiyao, Zhiguanmen, Dethroned Officials", hereinafter referred to as "Dethroned Officials") and "used money like mud and sand, and killed people like grass mustard." "Song Shi Xin Qi Biography") Cui Dunshi, a scholar in the Chinese Academy, drafted the resignation system and also said that he "wantonly greedy, referring to public wealth as a bag, daring to punish Ai, and treating the child as grass." ”
Because he ignored the Privy Council's order to stop the construction of the Flying Tiger barracks, he was accused of being a "boss of Pingling". Xiyuan Class Manuscript Xin Qijian Resignation and New Appointment") Xin Qijian can only "endure Zang No" and resign. In the prime of life, he was forced to retreat to the mountains and forests. This was a major setback for Xin Qiji. In the third year of Shaoxi (1192), Xin Qiji, who had lived for 10 years, was used to raise the official affairs of Fujian Road Prison, and was later promoted to Jiyingdian Repair, Fuzhou Zhizhou and Fujian Road Pacification Envoy. In July of the fifth year of Shaoxi's reign (1194), Zuo Si admonished Huang Ai on charges of "cruelty, greed, and filth" (deposing officials) against Xin Qiji, and he was dismissed from all his official posts as the governor of Fuzhou and the pacification envoy of Fujian Road.
In September, due to the ** of Xie Shenfu in the imperial history, the name of the post was reduced from the Jiying Hall to the Secret Pavilion. In October of the first year of Qingyuan (1195), in the new imperial history, Cheng He Tang once again lived in Shangrao, saying that he was "cruel and cruel, hiding his money for private things, sweeping Fuzhou, and empty." (Deposed Official) The title of the Secret Pavilion was also stripped of his title. In September of the second year of Qingyuan (1196), another official put forward the charge of "being arrogant, only thirsty for killing, tired of being Bai Jian, and Tian a lot" (deposed officials), so that Xin Qiji's empty name of the supervisor Chong Youguan was deprived. At this point, Xin Qiji has become a cloth cloth.
In June of the third year of Jiatai (1203), Xin Qiji was appointed as the prefect of Shaoxing and the pacification envoy of eastern Zhejiang. In March of the following year, he was appointed as the prefect of Zhenjiang, and after his arrival, he actively prepared for the Northern Expedition, prefabricated 10,000 sets of military uniforms, and planned to recruit 10,000 new troops. In June of the first year of Kaixi (1205), he was transferred to the prefect of Longxing. Before he took office, in July, he was accused of "lust, greed for money, fornication, and accumulation" ("Dethroned Officials").
The Southern Song Dynasty court withdrew the appointment of the prefect of Longxing and gave him the empty name of promoting Chongyouguan. Before and after, so many times **, all focused on the greed and coolness of Xin Qiji. Is this all "rootless rumor"?I'm afraid not really. He lured Lai Wenzheng, the leader of the tea merchant army, to recruit An, and then reneged on his word and killed him, doesn't it really taste "cool"?And his economy is very suspicious, and there are also clues of "greed". Although it is recorded that after his death, "the family had no money to spare, but only poems, recitals, and miscellaneous books." "Qianlong Leadshan County Chronicles, Jiaxuan Biography").
Let's first examine the economic situation of Xin Qiji. At the beginning of the spring of 1181, not long after serving as Jiangxi's pacification envoy, he obtained a lake with a length of "230 feet" and a width of "800 feet and 30 feet", and built a set of residences with "100 pavilions", pavilions and pavilions, everything, Chen Liang said, "very magnificent". Hong Mai's "Wen Min Gong Ji" volume 6 "Jiaxuan Ji" said: ......The field side pavilion said to plant a cane, if the real Bing is the one who does it.
East and west, the south foot of the north villa, with the green path of bamboo, Jin Road line begonia. There is a building in the mountain, there is a hall in the house, there is a pavilion for walking, and there is a Zhu in the inkstone. are all about the location, and the rules are completed over the years. In the autumn and winter of 1181, when Zhu Xi passed through Shangrao, he "sneaked in to see" and exclaimed that "it was unseen by the ears and eyes", so anxious that Chen Liang hurriedly wrote a letter asking him to pay attention to the influence ("Chen Liangji and Xin You'an Dian") Zhu Xi, who was already in his fifties, had never seen anything in the world, and was actually shocked "unseen", and the degree of luxury can be imagined. A few years later, Xin Qiji bought the Lady Spring again and renovated it into a villa. In the second year of Song Ning Zongqingyuan (1196), because the snow building with the lake was burned down, he simply moved to live in Huangquan. There is no detailed record of how well the new house was built, but its size, if not as large as the lake, is not much different, so it is worth relocating.
One person has two luxurious villas, and, according to Mr. Deng Guangming's research, Xin Qiji has a wife, Fan, at least six concubines, nine sons, and two daughters. This large family is well-fed, financially well-off, and generous in spending. In 1202 AD, not long after Xin Qiji served as the prefect of Shaoxing, he went to visit Lu You, who bid farewell to officialdom and retired to Shaoxing, and saw Lu You's simple and dilapidated house, and repeatedly offered to renovate it for him, and finally Lu You cleverly rejected it with a poem in the grass hall. When he first met Liu Guo, Xin Qijian was "giving hundreds of thousands", and sent thousands of people "to seek land resources";Later, Liu Guo wanted to go home to celebrate his mother's birthday, and Xin Qiji bought him a boat to return to his hometown and gave him ten thousand dollars. Xin Qiji's boldness is admirable, but where did the money come from?First, it's not an ancestral business. At the age of 23, he defected to the Southern Song Dynasty from Shandong, traveling hundreds of miles, even if his family was big, it was difficult to bring it out.
Second, it's not a. The days when Xin Qiji had officials to do, bits and pieces are not enough for 20 years, and some of them are poor officials. In other words, all his salaries as an official were not enough for him to be so generous, not to mention that the salaries at that time were still seven divided by eight deductions (Song Zhuang Xuan's "Chicken Rib Editing") Third, it was not the dowry brought by his wife. His father-in-law, Fan Bangyan, was only a county magistrate, not as rich as Zhuo Wangsun, and could give his daughter who eloped with Sima Xiangru a hundred servants and millions of dollars. Fourth, there is no record of the emperor giving him gold and silver mansions. In short, his economy is very suspicious, and if you want to try to explain it, I'm afraid there is only one word "greed".
Xin Qiji's unconventional and overly violent style of action made people criticize him a lot. At that time, the physicist Lu Jiuyuan attacked him for "using the fruit for his own use, countering righteousness, and being suspicious and disrespectful." As a far-sighted politician and intellectual scholar at that time, Zhou Bida also criticized his conduct and politics. In the second year of Chunxi (1191), in order to exterminate the tea merchant army, the imperial court used Xin Qijian to raise some prisons for Jiangxi. In the seventh year of Chunxi (1196), Xin Qiji spent a lot of money to create the Flying Tiger Army. In a letter to his friend Lin Li, Zhou Bida said that he "did his best to do this with the people's strength, wanting to do his own work, and benefiting his heart."
Later, Prime Minister Wang Huai wanted to appoint Xin Qiji as a member of the party, but Zhou Bida resolutely opposed it, on the grounds that "all the people killed by You'an deserve to be written in my generation." Zhang Duanyi's "Gui'er Collection") Zhou Bida's dissatisfaction and worries about Xin Qiji's illness are mainly focused on greed for money and murder, which is the same as Wang Lin and others. Zhu Xi and Xin Qiji can be called the "Gemini constellation" in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the two "have been friends for a long time and have seen each other deeply", and their friendship is well-known. As a friend, Zhu Xi was both positive about Xin Qiji's talents and worried about his style. In September of the third year of Shaoxi (1192), Xin Qiji, who had just been appointed as the pacification envoy of Fujian, asked Zhu Xi, who was idle in Jianyang, and Zhu Xi hoped that he would learn the way of combining rigidity and softness. ”
The next year, in September, Xin Qiji went to Jianyang to visit again, and Zhu Xi gave him the title of "self-denial and re-hole" and "long-cherished sleep". In the third year of Qingyuan (1197), Zhu Xi sent a letter to Xin Qiji, who served in Chongyouguan in Wuyi Mountain, and then encouraged him with "self-denial and revenge". The repeated persuasion and admonition of the master of the first ** is the proof that Xin Qiji cannot "deny oneself and repentance".
Zhu Xi, Chen Liang and Xin Qiji are friends, and they are more of a persuasion and reminder to him, while Wang Lin and others, who are court officials, only have **. And they are not the so-called capitulationists and treacherous villains. Wang Lin, because of his straightforwardness and courage to speak out for filial piety, Guangzong appreciation, but also for the world;Cui Dun's poems "write about the rich, pure Confucian";Others, such as Huang Ai, Zhou Bida, etc., are also the same. Therefore, their treatment of Xin Qiji's disease cannot simply be regarded as "rumor-mongering" and "unprovoked attack". From the day the Southern Song Dynasty was founded, it was full of partisan bureaucrats, and Xin Qiji was not able to stay out of the matter, and the ups and downs of his career were inextricably linked with the struggle of the upper factions and the change of power.
He loved the country and the nation, always opposed humiliation and Gou'an, and earnestly hoped for the "North Determination of the Central Plains". Therefore, when the main war faction raised his head, he was like a fish in water, and when the main peace faction was in power, he was accused of being consecrated and scattered. And with Yue Fei before him being framed on "trumped-up" charges, there is no actual problem, but it is just groundless, I am afraid it will be difficult to convict him of such a widely favored talent. Therefore, the biggest possibility that Xin Qiji was ** is: he didn't pay much attention to his own life style, so that he was grabbed by someone and expanded, and it was inevitable to be dismissed. Then again, if he really pays attention to these details, he is not greedy or cool, and he will not give people authority.
Xin Qiji has always been "humble and did not dare to forget the country's worries", as long as there is a slight opportunity, he will work hard and serve the country. At the age of 65, after many ups and downs in officialdom, he was still "a strong man in his twilight years, and his heart was full of fierceness". This kind of dedication, for thousands of years, is touching. And the "big" things of this reconquest of the country are mistaken by such a "small" part of life. In this sense, it can be said that the loss of a small loss is the real regrettable part of the tragic fate of Xin Qiji.