In general, the value of natural resources is affected by both the natural environment system and the socio-economic system. Due to the complexity of the natural environment system and the socio-economic system, they also contain a large number of factors. Although different scholars have proposed a variety of classification methods based on different research perspectives, in general, the influencing factors are classified according to the two categories of natural and social, and an important factor in the social factor is people, and human needs are important factors affecting the conservation value of wild animals.
Different scholars have different views on the value of wildlife, but only if it is recognized that wildlife is a valuable natural object. The value of wild animals can be roughly divided into intrinsic value and utilization value, of course, not everyone agrees that wild animals have objective intrinsic value, some people think that all values are subjectively evaluated, we will classify them according to intrinsic value and use value. Intrinsic value refers to the value of the species itself, the value of wildlife as a natural resource, and this value cannot be measured in monetary termsUtilization value refers to the economic, ecological and social value of wild animals to human beings. In fact, when we discuss the conservation value of wild animals, most of them focus on the use value of wild animals.
Photo: Xiao Yu).
Wild animals as an important natural resource, human demand for wild animals has existed since the birth of human beings, initially, human beings hunt wild animals to keep out the cold, which is the most basic value demand, but also the most direct value of demand, with the development of productive forces, human beings domesticate some wild animals to meet the survival and production needs of human beings, and modern human demand for wild animals is diversified, human beings establish hunting grounds to meet human needs for hunting and recreation, establish wild animal farms to meet human needs for wildlife products, and establish zoosWildlife parks meet human needs for wildlife viewing and entertainment, and these are more manifestations of human indirect value needs. It is well known that the value of a product is related to the degree of scarcity, and the famous economist Adam Smith once proposed the "value paradox": "Nothing is more useful than water, but it can hardly buy anything ......."Conversely, a diamond has a small use value, but a large number of other goods can be obtained by exchanging it. "According to the basic principle of supply and demand, when the scarcity of wildlife and human needs change, the conservation value of wildlife will also change.
In China, with the gradual improvement of people's quality of life, people have begun to pursue a green and healthy lifestyle. At present, people's demand for the value of wild animals is mainly concentrated in the wildlife products themselves, especially the demand for meat, fur, pharmaceuticals and other fields, and the demand for wildlife viewing and nature reserve sightseeing is still very limited, and the high value-added recreational activities have not yet formed a scale, but the overall demand is on the rise. In addition, the overall demand for wildlife scientific research is also on the rise, and with the development of basic science, people are increasingly looking for inspiration for research and development in wild animals. Human demand promotes the development and utilization of wildlife resources, and human demand also drives the protection of wild animals. Demand belongs to the category of human consciousness, which directly affects the choice of human resources for the value of wildlife resources, thereby affecting the conservation value of wild animals.
The conservation value of wild animals is not static, and the conservation value of wild animals will also show different value emphases with the change of human use and scarcity, and human demand is an important factor affecting the conservation value of wild animals.
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