Zhu Yuanzhang was the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and he had twenty-six sons, nine of whom were named the king of Sai, and they were divided into frontiers. His eldest son, Zhu Biao, was originally the crown prince, but Zhu Yuanzhang died in his later years, leaving behind a young son, Zhu Yunwen. Before his death, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to pass the throne to Zhu Yunwen instead of his own sons, especially the outstanding fourth son Zhu Di. This decision has sparked a lot of controversy and speculation.
The first is to abide by the traditional primogeniture system. Zhu Yuanzhang once established the rule of "there is a grandson, there is no grandson, the father dies and the son succeeds, and the brother dies and the brother dies" to ensure the smooth inheritance of the throne. Although Zhu Yunwen is not his son-in-law, he is his eldest son, and he is eligible to inherit the throne in the absence of other sons-in-law. And Zhu Di, as the fourth son of the concubine, ranks behind in the patriarchal system. If Zhu Yuanzhang changes the rules and passes the throne to Zhu Di, it may cause dissatisfaction and resistance from other brothers.
The second is to take into account political balance and stability. When Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he relied on the founding heroes and the noble group, giving them a lot of power and rewards. But as time passed, he feared that they posed a threat to the imperial power, so he took harsh measures to suppress and purge them. He hoped that after his death, he would have a gentle and capable heir to continue to govern the country and live in peace with the nobles. And Zhu Yunwen just meets this condition, he is smart and studious, filial and humble, and is loved and supported by Queen Ma and ministers. And Zhu Di has a similar personality to Zhu Yuanzhang, with great military achievements and decisive killing, and if he succeeds to the throne, he may continue to use tough means to deal with Xungui and border troubles.
The third is to take into account personal preferences and feelings. Zhu Yuanzhang does not have a special preference or dislike for his sons, but he has a deep affection for his grandchildren. He once said, "My grandchildren are lovely." He is even more fond of Zhu Yunwen, and once said: "This is my true grandson." As for Zhu Di, there is not much closeness, and even some jealousy and vigilance. It is said that he once asked the minister, "What are my four sons?"He was answered, "The four kings are valiant and martial." And he was silent.
The above summary:Zhu Yuanzhang did not pass on the throne to Zhu Di but to his grandson Zhu Yunwen, out of many considerations, including the traditional patriarchal system, political balance and stability, as well as personal preferences and feelings. However, this decision did not achieve his expected effect, but triggered the Battle of Jingjing launched by Zhu Di, which eventually led to Zhu Yunwen's defeat and Zhu Di's accession to the throne.
Zhu Yuanzhang's profile and achievements
Zhu Yuanzhang (October 21, 1328 - June 24, 1398), that is, Ming Taizu, also known as Chong.
Eighth, Xingzong, the word Guorui. He was the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China, born in Zhongli Dongxiang (present-day Fengyang County, Anhui Province), Haozhou, and was originally a poor peasant. In 1352, he defected to Guo Zixing's subordinates of the Red Turban Army and participated in a peasant uprising against the Yuan Dynasty. With his bravery, wisdom and military talent, he gradually became the leader of the rebel army, unified Jiangnan, and proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian (present-day Nanjing) in 1368, establishing the Ming Dynasty. He successively pacified the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng, Fang Guozhen and other separatist forces, and realized the unification of the whole country. During his reign, he carried out a series of political, economic, cultural, and military reforms and measures, making the country strong and prosperous. He also governed the common people and bureaucrats with strict punishments, set up special agencies such as Jinyiwei, purged the dignitaries and those he considered a threat to his court, and repeatedly killed heroes. After his death, he was placed in the eldest grandson Zhu Yunwen as Ming Huizong.
Zhu Yuanzhang's historical merits
He expelled the rule of the Mongols, restored the sovereignty of the Han people, put an end to the war and chaos of more than 20 years at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and enabled the people to live in peace.
He established a centralized political system, abolished Zhongshu Province, led the ministries directly by the emperor, divided the princes into feudal kings to guard the border, established a three-division system to take charge of local government affairs, and formulated the "Da Ming Law" and other legal codes to regulate social order.
He attached great importance to agricultural production, lightly paid for the meager endowments, rested with the people, popularized the system of military and civilian settlements, built water conservancy projects, and compiled agricultural books such as "The Records of the Origin of the Zhaoren", thus promoting economic development.
He flourished culturally, admired Buddhism, built a large number of temples and Buddha statues, sponsored many literati and ink writers, and created capital numbers and Wuzhou script. He was militarily strong, maintained the unity and sovereignty of the country, consolidated the jurisdiction over the Western Regions, made the Silk Road unimpeded, and promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures.
He valued diplomatic relations, sent envoys to various countries, and hosted Marco Polo, an Italian traveler from Europe.
Zhu Di's profile and achievements
Zhu Di (May 2, 1360 - August 12, 1424), that is, Ming Chengzu, also known as Yan Wang, Yongle Emperor, the word Zhenfu, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, reigned from 1402 to 1424, reigned for 22 years, and the year name Yongle. He was the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, who was originally the King of Yan, and later launched the Battle of Jingjing, seized the throne of Zhu Yunwen, the Jianwen Emperor, and moved the capital to Beijing. During his reign, he implemented a series of political, economic, cultural, and military reforms and measures, making the country strong and prosperous, and known as the "Yongle Prosperous Era" in history.
Zhu Di's historical merits
He reformed the organization, set up a cabinet system, with the emperor directly leading the ministries, dividing the princes to guard the border for the vassal kings, setting up a three-division system to take charge of local government affairs, and formulating the "Da Ming Law" and other legal codes to regulate social order.
He attached great importance to agricultural production, lightly paid for the meager endowments, rested with the people, popularized the system of military and civilian settlements, built water conservancy projects, and compiled agricultural books such as "The Records of the Origin of the Zhaoren", thus promoting economic development.
He flourished culturally, admired Buddhism, built a large number of temples and Buddha statues, sponsored many literati and ink writers, and created capital numbers and Wuzhou script. He also ordered the compilation of the Yongle Canon, which is the largest encyclopedia in ancient China.
He was militarily strong, maintained the unity and sovereignty of the country, consolidated the jurisdiction over the Western Regions, made the Silk Road unimpeded, and promoted the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures. He personally conquered Mongolia five times and recovered Annam (Cochin).
He valued diplomatic relations, sent envoys to various countries, and hosted Marco Polo, an Italian traveler from Europe. He also sent Zheng He to the West seven times, strengthening friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries.
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