Three minutes to talk about culture
Confucius, who followed the rules
Free and easy Lao Tzu、
The benevolent and generous Zhou Gong
The proud Mencius
In contrast, the humorous and detached Zhuangzi is particularly cute.
Heaven and man are one
The world is no bigger than the end of the autumn, and the Taishan is small;Mo Shou was a dead son, and Peng Zu was a dead man. Heaven and earth are born with me, and all things are one with me. ”
This passage is from "Zhuangzi, Inner Chapter, and Theory of Things":
There is nothing bigger in the world than the hairy ends of the new birds and beasts in autumn, and Mount Tai is smaller than it;There is no one who lives longer than a child who dies young, and Peng Zu can be regarded as an untimely death compared to them. Heaven and earth coexist with me, and all things are one with me, and there is no difference in essence. Heaven and earth and I are all born of the Tao, and all things and I have evolved from the One. ”
In this vast and magical universe, I am a part of the universe, coexisting and evolving together with heaven and earth. Life is death, death is rebirth, isn't this the most romantic and eternal thing?
Therefore, Zhuangzi's worldview does not care about life and death, and it can also be said that he is the most pessimistic about life and death.
When Zhuangzi's wife died, his good friend Hui Shi went to mourn, and saw Zhuangzi squatting on the ground and knocking on the basin and singing, dancing with a happy and harmonious appearance, Zhuangzi said that his wife was just a life form transformation, so she should be happy. He was so angry that he was stunned, and his idea of "the Japanese side and the Chinese side are blind, and the thing side is born and died" has many similarities with Zhuangzi's thought, so he has become an old friend who has nothing to say for many years.
Do nothing
I look at the pleasures of the vulgar, and those who are interested in the crowd are humorous as if they have no choice, and those who are all said to be happy, I am not happy, and I am not unhappy. Is there any joy in the fruit?I am sincere and happy with nothing, and I suffer greatly from the vulgar. Therefore, it is said: 'There is no joy in happiness, and there is no reputation in reputation'. ”
This passage is from "Zhuangzi Outer Chapters Zhile":
I see the happiness that the worldly people are pursuing, and I try my best to chase it, and I will never give up until I reach my goal. Everybody says that's the happiest thing, but I don't think it's happy, and I don't think it's unhappy. I think that inaction is the real happiness, but it can cause pain and distress to the worldly people. Therefore, the highest level of happiness in life is indifferent happiness, and the greatest honor in life is not the pursuit of honor. ”
Do nothingTrue happiness lies in self-recognition, inner comfort and contentment.
Zhuangzi Heavenly Dao "The upper part will use the world without doing anything, and the lower level will do something for the world." It's not easy."
In the face of the national superstructure, it is necessary to use the method of inaction to govern the world, and then to enter the specific things of society, it is necessary to use promising methods to deal with it, one from the spiritual and the other from the material aspects, which is in line with the natural laws of heaven.
Therefore, Zhuangzi expounded on the golden mean, advocating that the poor and happiness should be settled according to fate, and should not be too obsessed with fame and fortune, but should be like nature, live according to its natural laws, and enjoy the beauty brought by life.
Zhuangzi is very good at telling fables to illustrate things.
It is said that Confucius had a student Zeng Zi, who was so poor that he only wore a robe to wrap himself, and he didn't want to have new clothes to wear. Sometimes there is no rice to cook for several days, and I wear a broken hat and a pair of rotten shoes with open and cracked heels. In this way, he also recited "Shang Song" loudly like a bell, as if he was playing music on **.
Zhuangzi himself refused to be an official many times, and once when he was concentrating on fishing, several cadres came and said that he was ordered by the king of Chu to invite Mr. Zhuang to go to the court to be an official. Without looking back, he told the envoy a fable:
I heard that there was an old turtle in Chu that had died for 3,000 years, and it was packaged and enshrined in the shrine by the king of Chu. Do you think this turtle wants to be an offering to the shrine, or would you rather swim happily in the mud with its tail wagging?”
Zhuangzi was willing to make a living by weaving straw shoes and fishing all his life, although his life was hungry and cold, it is not an exaggeration to describe it with the words "overstretched". But what is commendable is that no matter what kind of living environment Zhuangzi lives in, he can maintain the belief in life, even if life is hard, he is also happy.
He could even stand on a high hill and sing:
Those who have attained the Tao in ancient times are also happy when they are poor, and they are also happy. ”
Live in the moment
Between the world and the earth, if the white horse passes through the gap, it is all of a sudden. Suddenly, there is no way to do it;There are few oils, and there is nothing to be done. He has been born and died. Creatures mourn, humans mourn. Solve its heavenly slump and fall into its heavenly skull. It is like a lot, the soul will go, and the body will follow. It's a great return!”
This paragraph is from "Zhuangzi Outer Chapters Zhibei Tour" meaning:
Life between heaven and earth is like sunlight passing through a gap, just for a moment. Flourishing and dying in time are all natural. The people who grew up in the world because of change and died because of change are sad for the living. But man's death is nothing more than a break from the bondage of nature and the destruction of nature's bondage. Troubles and twists and turns, the soul will surely disappear, and the body will disappear with it, this is the ultimate fate. ”
Life is short, rushed, like a mayfly for a moment, like a white horse passing through a gap.
Live in the moment and cherish every moment, so as not to come to this world in vain.
Zhuangzi, an optimist, believes that a limited life can be spent in the way of infinite happiness.
It's a day to be happy, it's a day to be unhappy, so why not be happy every day?Life is finite, but happiness is unlimited.
Zhuangzi once used an analogy to say that the pheasant in the water is pecked in ten steps and drunk in a hundred stepsComfortable and optimistic, he was able to survive;And when the bird is locked in a cage, its feathers will be haggard, its will will be depressed, and it will not sing when it bows its head, so it is difficult for it to live for the whole life. If people are imprisoned in spiritual melancholy, they will inevitably be sorrowful and detrimental to their health. He advocated that in life, we should "be at peace and in peace, and sorrow and happiness cannot be human", optimistic and open-minded, and it is not an exaggeration to compare Zhuangzi to a carefree prince!
There is no end to learning
My life has an end, and there is no end to knowledge. With an end to the endless, it is gone!He who has become a knower, and he is gone!There is no near name for good, there is no near punishment for evil, and the governor thinks that he can protect himself, he can live his whole life, he can raise his relatives, and he can live all his life. ”
This passage is from "Zhuangzi, Inner Chapter, Health Master":
My life is finite, but my knowledge is endless.
The pursuit of infinite knowledge with a limited life will be exhausting.
Those who still have to pursue knowledge like this are so tired!
Don't covet fame when doing good deeds, don't violate the criminal law when you do bad deeds, follow the righteous path of nature, and take it as the common law to conform to things, so that you can protect yourself, preserve your nature, cultivate your spirit, and take care of your days. ”
In fact, Zhuangzi's original intention was that human life is limited, and the knowledge to be learned Xi is immense, and if you really study so hard, you will be exhausted and die of exhaustion.
You must learn Xi selectively, learn Xi according to your own strengths, or learn according to your own interests and hobbies.
Most of us still take things out of context:
There is a diligent path in the book mountain, and there is no end to the hard work of learning the sea. ”
If we let life live more happily and interestingly in the endless learning Xi cognition, selective learning, wisdom learning, learning Xi Zhuangzi, "be an interesting soul." ”