What is a pressure ulcer.
Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers or pressure ulcers, are caused by prolonged pressure on local tissues of the body, resulting in poor blood circulation,** and damage and necrosis of subcutaneous tissues. This is due to the prolonged compression of local tissues, resulting in persistent ischemia, hypoxia, and malnutrition, which leads to tissue ulceration and necrosis.
Causes of pressure ulcers
Long-term stress. Being bedridden or in a wheelchair for long periods of time puts constant pressure on one part of the body, resulting in poor blood circulation.
Friction and shear forces.
*Friction with the bed and wheelchair surface, as well as shear force when the body moves, aggravate the damage to local tissues.
Localized dampness. Sweat, urine, exudate, etc., cause local moisture, making ** more susceptible to damage.
Undernutrition. Malnutrition, anemia, etc., make the body's tissue repair ability decrease, and pressure ulcers are prone to occur.
Prevention of pressure ulcers
Change positions regularly.
Turn over every two hours to reduce pressure on local tissues.
Keep it clean.
Clean up sweat, urine, etc. in time to keep it dry and clean.
Appropriate use of protective agents.
Use foam pads, decompression pads, etc. to protect the area** and reduce pressure.
Nutritional support. Ensure adequate nutrient intake to enhance the body's ability to repair tissues.
Symptomatic manifestations of pressure ulcers
Phase 1. The ruddy phase of bruising, which is characterized by redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or numbness that lasts for 30 minutes without confluencing. ** on the bony procession is intact, and the local erythema does not fade due to pressure. Dark** may not show a noticeable change in pallor, but its color may be different from the surrounding tissue.
Second installment. The inflammatory infiltrate is characterized by purple, induration, pain, blistering, partial loss of dermis, superficial open ulceration with no decay on the pink wound, or complete or ruptured serum blisters.
Third installment. The superficial ulcerative phase is characterized by epidermal rupture and ulcer formation. Without full-thickness ** tissue, subcutaneous fat exposure can be seen, but bones, tendons, and muscles are not exposed, and there is corruption, but the depth of tissue loss is unclear and may contain tunneling and sneaking.
Fourth installment. The necrotic ulcerative phase is characterized by an extension of the surface of the dermis, muscle, and bone that invades the subdermis, muscle, or bone surface, and the loss of full-thickness tissue due to externalization of the bone, tendon, or muscle, and the presence of putrefaction or eschar in some parts of the wound bed, often with latent or tunneling.
Pressure ulcers**
It should be noted that the ** of pressure ulcers requires different ** methods for different stages.
For pressure ulcers in the first stage.
Care needs to be taken to keep it clean and dry to avoid continued pressure and friction
For stage 2 pressure ulcers.
The wound needs to be cleaned, necrotic tissue removed, and drainage needs to be maintained
For stage 3 pressure ulcers.
Thorough debridement, removal of necrotic tissue, adequate drainage, and antibiotics are required**;
For pressure ulcers in the fourth stage.
Thorough debridement, removal of necrotic tissue, adequate drainage, antibiotics**, and surgery** are required.