However, it is one thing for Goguryeo to conquer, and it is another thing for the Central Plains Dynasty to have the ability to conquer.
In the imagination of many people, how could the small country of Goguryeo be able to stop the army of the imperial court!The problem is that for hundreds of years, it has really been difficult for the army of the imperial court to allow Wang Hua to bathe in this outside the country, and the reason is very simple: the location is favorable.
Whether it was Gongsun Yuan in the Three Kingdoms period or Goguryeo in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the main geographical conditions relied on were the Liao River: this river that flowed from north to south and flowed into the Bohai Bay, and thousands of years ago, there were wide swampy areas on both sides of the river, making it extremely difficult for large armies to cross the river. As for baggage transportation, the difficulty is even more unimaginable.
When Sima Yi conquered Liaodong, he only led about 40,000 people to the expedition, and the number of logistics supply troops is unknown, which should not exceed 100,000. In this battle, relying on Sima Yi's military ability to run thousands of miles and good luck, he defeated Gongsun Yuan in one fell swoop, so that Liaodong and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, which had been more than half a century since the end of the Han Dynasty, were re-incorporated into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty.
However, this expedition, leaving the memory of the Central Plains Dynasty, is the difficulty of conquering Liaodong. At the beginning, Sima Yi expected that it would take about 300 days, but in fact, with good luck and everything going well, Sima Yi still took more than 500 days.
Since the Western Jin Dynasty, the land of Liaodong has gradually broken away from the control of the Central Plains Dynasty. Nearly 300 years later, it was not until the unification of the Sui Dynasty that the issue of Goguryeo resurfaced.
Zizhi Tongjian": On the other side, although the land is narrow and there are few people, if the king is deposed now, it cannot be vain, and the officials must be elected in the end, and they will be appeased. Wang Ruohao's heart is easy to do, and he is guided by the charter, that is, he is a good minister of mine, why not send Caiyan!Wang said that the vast water of Liaoshui is like the Yangtze RiverThere are many people in Goryeo, how many Chen Guo?If I don't have a good education, I will blame the king and order a general, why should I be more powerful!Attentive and clear, King Xu has a new ear.
The edict of the Great Sui was magnificent, but it had no choice but to go eastward in a hasty manner.
However, the Sui Dynasty in the fourth year of the emperor's northern expedition to the Turks, so that they called the vassal, and in the ninth year of the emperor's reign, the destruction of the Southern Chen, so that Goguryeo fell into passivity, these two changes made Goguryeo feel an unprecedented crisis, because of the strategy of switching to the Southern Chen, it will inevitably lead to the Sui Dynasty's sanctions, so Goguryeo will quickly begin to "govern the army and accumulate the valley, as a strategy to resist", began to expand the army in large quantities and hoard grain and grass to prepare for the war with the Sui Dynasty.
At the same time, Goguryeo repeated its old tricks, paying tribute and offering gifts to the Sui Dynasty, and Yang Jian also showed his generosity and gave Goguryeo a jade seal in the seventeenth year of the emperor's reign. However, at the same time, he was generous and powerful, reprimanding him for "although he is called a feudal vassal, his sincerity is not finished", pointing out his crime of "driving the Yan Yan and fixing the Khitan", and compared Nan Chen with Longwei's intimidation.
The Book of Sui: The Forty-sixth Biography of the Forty-Sixth: Next year, Yuan led more than 10,000 people to ride Kou Liaoxi, and Wei Zheng, the governor of Yingzhou, walked away.
The Sui Dynasty's first conquest of Goguryeo was after the Sui destroyed Chen, and Yang Jian asked Goguryeo to claim the title of vassal. Yang Jian'en protested after that, in fact, he wanted to express a meaning, that is, as long as Goguryeo abides by the courtiers, then it will be safe. Therefore, after the death of Goguryeo King Goyu, Gao Yuan surrendered as soon as he ascended the throne. But this comrade belongs to the kind of national care, in the eighteenth year of the emperor's reign, Gao Yuan took the initiative to provoke the Sui Dynasty, directly united with the Yan Dynasty, and led more than 10,000 cavalry to invade Yingzhou in western Liaoning.
Its purpose is likely to be to chase the fleeing Khitan tribes, but because of the fight with the officers and soldiers of Yingzhou, Yang Jian was angry, and the old Yang was furious, with Yang Liang, the king of Han, as the marshal and Gao Gong as the long history, led an army of 300,000 to conquer and issued an edict to depose Gao Yuan's title.
This was the first large-scale, targeted conquest of Goguryeo by the Central Plains regime, and the Lingnan prefectures had not yet been "co-opted" by the Sui Dynasty, and the rebel forces supported by the Eastern Turks were defeated and fled in the same year, and the Dulan Khan threatened the northern frontier with strong military support. No matter how you look at it, Yang Jian did not have the subjective desire to start this war, so Gao Yuan's military action was not as simple as chasing the Khitan tribes, but should have deliberately provoked a war, taking advantage of the short time when the Sui Dynasty had no time to look eastward, seeking to gain a foothold in the western Liaoning region.
Judging from the outcome of the war, this seems to be a trap set by Goguryeo. The main force of the Sui army suffered a crushing defeat due to "unsuccessful rout, lack of food in the army, and repeated epidemics", and the "battle death" rate was as high as ** Cheng, which was undoubtedly a major weakening of the Central Plains regime. At the same time, an important "intelligence" was also probed, that is, the Central Plains Dynasty had a greater difficulty in gathering a large army to fight in Liao, so Goguryeo would be able to be active in the northeast and have the opportunity to suppress Baekje and Silla in the south.
In fact, as early as the Cao Wei period, Wuqiujian's conquest of Goguryeo reflected this "intelligence", Wuqiujian's first conquest of Goguryeo was carried out with more than 10,000 troops, which shows that when the Central Plains regime used troops to Goguryeo, it was necessary to pay attention to the controllability of the scale of the war, and the victory of traveling lightly was much higher than that of the army
During the first expedition of the Sui Dynasty, the objective reason for the "failure to continue the rout and lack of food in the army" was the complicated road conditions of the marching route, and Yang Liang's main force was to advance along the coastline of the Western Liaoning Corridor, although this road was "beautiful", but it was a narrow road covered with swamps. If it is an army of 10,000 people, it may be able to pass smoothly by singing a small song, but in this kind of road condition, once the hundreds of thousands of army streets encounter extreme weather, it may lead to disregard and traffic interruption, and the problem of logistics and the high distribution of marching troops will be highlighted.
The subjective reason for the failure of this battle lies in the Sui Dynasty's "weak branch" grain storage system, Yang Jian has established a large state-owned grain depot in Guanzhong and Hedong during the Yang Jian period, which is used to store the collected grain, and it is almost difficult to form enough local reserves in the local government treasury, which is a means to prevent local rebellion, but this means also led to the Sui Dynasty's army conquest need to establish a long logistics supply line.
The Kwantung Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Yang Liang is the old land of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the interception of the treasury here is strictly supervised, so the army sent from Hebei is not based on Hebei as the source of supply, but in Guanzhong, coupled with the restrictions of ancient terrain and landforms, this logistics supply line is almost 3,000 miles long.
On the contrary, Wuqiu Jian's second expedition to Goguryeo, the history of Youzhou in the late Eastern Han Dynasty under the jurisdiction of eleven counties, which involved the conquest of Goguryeo's Liaoxi County, Liaodong County, Xuansu County, and Lelang County all had a "ten thousand stones" Zhengcang reserves, which was the convenience of local supply for its army. The military operations without frugality also relied on the local "self-sufficient" county guards, such as Xuanwu Taishou Wang Ji and Lelang Taishou Liu Mao.
However, Zhou Luoyu, the commander of the Sui Naval Army, led the army to "cross the sea from Donglai to Pyongyang, encountered the wind along the way, and drifted a lot", which can be seen that the Sui army did not establish a strong naval division system, at least the ability of the warships to resist storms was poor.
Therefore, this military provocation of Goguryeo completely achieved the expected effect, figured out the military routine of the Central Plains Dynasty, and established confidence for small actions in the future. Due to the various influences of logistics, plagues, Liaoze and sea winds, although the Sui eventually reduced a large number of non-combat troops and failed to burn the flames of war, Gao Yuan did not want the war with the Sui Dynasty to continue, so he took the initiative to send himself to the stairs and called himself "Liaodong Dung Tuchen Yuan".
did not bury him, the original text: "And the second Liaoshui, Yuan was also afraid, and sent an envoy to apologize, and the above table called 'Liaodong Dung Tuchen Yuan' Yunyun." ”
Lao Yang was happy, he could still call himself a dung ball, which was considered to have a step, and in the face of the Turkic oppression of the north, he had to be "treated as before" by the donkey under the slope, and then restored the title of Gao Yuan. Then concentrate on supporting the Qimin Khan, and with six governors to go out of the Sai to crusade against the Dulan Khan, until the third year of Renshou, more than ten departments of Tiele were attached to the Enlightenment Khan, and five departments such as Xi and Xi moved inward, which basically solved the northern border trouble.
Goguryeo, on the other hand, could not keep to himself under the tentative military achievements, and he concealed his expansionist ambitions with a deferential tributary appearance.
However, the conquest of Goguryeo planted seeds in the heart of the Great Sui, and the high sentence became an unstoppable complex for the Great Sui.
Fourteen years later, the seed finally blossomed. But this flower is the flower of evil in the Great Sui and the flower of poison in the world.
When it came to Yang Guang's current team, Gao Yuan was restless again, especially in the face of Yang Guang's repeated orders to enter the Hajj, Gao Yuan just didn't come. After Lao Yang died, the dung ball felt that he was a stick again.
It was not until the third year of the Great Cause that Goguryeo's expansion ambitions were nakedly exposed in front of Yang Guang. When Yang Guang "condoled" the Qimin Khan during his northern tour, the Turks also prepared a generous gift, that is, the Goguryeo envoy who contacted with the Turks, and the Qimin Khan reported the matter of the Goguryeo envoy in the Turks to Yang Guang, Yang Guang took the opportunity to raise the problem of Goguryeo, and asked the king of Goguryeo to go to Chang'an to worship him, "Gou or not, the commander Qimin will go to the other country", if Goguryeo continues to resist the Sui Dynasty, he will bring the inspired khan to conquer Goguryeo.
Of course Gao Yuan was unwilling, and Yang Guang wanted this excuse, so he took advantage of the situation and prepared to conquer Liaodong.
On the surface, this incident was Goguryeo's desire to unite with the Eastern Turks to "do things", and the behavior of the Qimin Khan had two meanings, the first was to express his loyalty to the Sui Dynasty, and secondly, to prove to Yang Guang that he was a piece of "fragrant bait". In such a situation, it can be said that the Eastern Turks are more "hateful" than Goguryeo, but Sino-Turkistan relations have finally come to this situation, and Yang Guang will not use troops against the Eastern Turks because of this. Therefore, Goguryeo not only became the target of Yang Guang's anger, but also became an excellent opportunity for the Sui army to "show off its muscles", which were shown to the Eastern Turks.
Yang Guang ordered the conquest of Goguryeo, and the weapons and horses of the commanders were very serious. Faced with this problem, Yang Guang said that he would not make a fuss, and ordered the rich people in the world to buy and hand over immediately, and the price of horses in the world soared rapidly, and the price of each horse reached 100,000 yuan, and finally Yang Guang quickly made up 100,000 horses. He also ordered all military logistics departments to read it briefly, to be precise and up-to-date, and if it was found that it was shoddy, the inspector would immediately behead him.
In the face of the matter of resuming armament and preparing for war, all dynasties and dynasties had to postpone for a few years after activating their armaments, but for Yang Guang, it was not a matter, a document of accountability was enough, and a special envoy could crush the place in the past.
In fact, Yang Guang has been preparing for a long time: the Yongji Canal connecting Luoyang to Zhuojun has been repaired several years ago.
From the perspective of war, once the Yongji Canal is dug through, it can indeed solve the biggest problem of the Central Plains Dynasty's use of troops on the northeast frontier.
This is extremely evident in the comparison of forces:
When Sima Yi conquered Liaodong, he only brought 40,000 horses from Cao Wei's ** army. There are not many expensive soldiers, but there are too many people, which will cause great difficulties in logistics and supply.
Now that there is a canal, Yang Guangneng's troops to Liaodong have reached one million at once.