Feasibility study report of water supply pipe network construction project - to ensure the safety of water resources, use economy and intensification
1. After the drought, the attention to water resources security is increasing
In 2022, the total water resources of the country will be 27,088100 million m, 1 less than the multi-year average9%, a year-on-year decrease of 86%, of which the surface water resources are 25984400 million m, groundwater resources of 7924400 million m, groundwater and surface water resources are not duplicated 1103700 million m, the country's total water resources account for 45 percent of the total precipitation3%。
In 2022, the total water resources of China's first-class water resources areas were compared with the multi-year average (%)
The spatial distribution of precipitation in China is more regional, and on the whole, it is characterized by more precipitation in the south and less in the north, more in the east and less in the west, and more mountains and fewer plains. The southeastern coastal areas receive more precipitation and are wetter, while the further inland the northwest goes, the less precipitation falls, and the drought gradually worsens. In 2022, the national average precipitation was 6315mm, a year-on-year decrease of 87%, compared with 2021, the precipitation in the Pearl River region alone increased by 261%, and the precipitation of the other 9 first-class water resources areas decreased, among which the Haihe River District and the Huaihe River District decreased year-on-year respectively. 1%。The precipitation in the Yangtze River is close to the dry year level of 95% frequency.
Since 2012, the average precipitation in China
In 2022, the amount of surface water resources and groundwater resources in China decreased. In 2022, the national surface water resources were 25,984400 million m, equivalent to an annual runoff depth of 2747mm, a decrease of 8 compared with 20212%。The surface water resources of the five first-class water resources areas were higher than the multi-year averageThe surface water resources of the five first-class water resources areas were lower than the multi-year average, and the Yangtze River area, Huaihe River area, and southwest Zhuhe region were less respectively. 8% and 102%。Compared with 2021, the surface water resources of the three first-class water resources regions increasedThe surface water resources of seven first-class water resources areas decreased, among which the Haihe River area, the Zhunhe River area and the Yellow River area decreased respectively. 3% and 328%。
In 2022, the national groundwater resources (salinity <2g l) were 7924400 million m, a decrease of 33%。Among them, the groundwater resources in the plain area are 1774100 million m, the amount of groundwater resources in the hilly area is 6396100 million m. The total recharge of shallow groundwater in the plains of the country is 1847300 million m, a decrease of 13 compared with 20214%。In the total groundwater recharge in the plains of the six northern regions, precipitation infiltration recharge, surface water infiltration recharge, mountain piedmont seepage recharge and well irrigation recharge accounted for the total recharge of groundwater, respectively. 0% and 49%。
In 2022, the composition of groundwater recharge in the plains of the first-class water resources areas in northern China
According to international standards, in 2022, 25 provinces in China will be in a state of water shortage (3000m per capita water resources), including 7 with mild water shortage (2000m per capita water resources of 3000m), 6 with moderate water shortage (1000m per capita water resources of 2000m), 4 with severe water shortage (500m per capita water resources of 1000m), and 8 with extreme water shortage (500m per capita water resources). Among them, the per capita water resources of Beijing and Shanghai in 2022 are only 10839m.36m, down year-on-year. 4%, which is at the level of extreme water scarcity. On the whole, China's water resources are relatively scarce, with per capita water resources only about 35% of the world average, and nearly two-thirds of cities have varying degrees of water shortage. At the same time, China's water resources are unevenly distributed regionally and inter-yearly, and it is listed as one of the 13 water-poor countries by the United Nations.
According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, China's per capita water resources have remained at a low level in recent years, reaching 1918 in 202218 cubic meters, down 8 percent year-on-year6%, the water situation is more severe. According to the data of the National Climate Center, the average precipitation in the country during the 2023 flood season (May to September) is 4471 mm, which is 4. less than the same period in the normal year (1991-2020).3%；During the main flood season (June to August), the national average precipitation is 3201 mm, 3 less than the same period in normal years5%。After two consecutive years of severe drought, there is a growing concern about water security, which is expected to bring new development opportunities to the water and water treatment industry.
In 2022, the per capita water resources in various parts of China will be available
China's per capita water resources from 2012 to 2022
2. Conservation and intensification of water resource use
In 2022, the total water use in the country was 5,9982 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year increase of 13%, showing an increase since 2020. Among them, the total amount of agricultural water use, the total amount of industrial water use, and the total amount of domestic water use in 2022 will be 37813 billion m4 billion m70m, the proportions are. 1%。Agriculture accounts for the highest proportion of water use;The overall industrial water consumption is decreasing year by year, mainly due to the stricter environmental supervision, and the importance of water resource regeneration and effective utilizationThe overall domestic water consumption is increasing year by year, which is related to the urbanization process and the improvement of residents' living standards.
Total water use in the country from 2012 to 2022
Total agricultural water use in the country from 2012 to 2022
The total amount of domestic water used in the country from 2012 to 2022
The total amount of industrial water used in the country from 2012 to 2022
In September 2023, the national government and other departments issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Conservation and Intensive Utilization of Water Resources", proposing: by 2025, the total annual water consumption of the country will be controlled within 640 billion cubic meters, the water consumption of 10,000 yuan of GDP will be reduced by about 16% compared with 2020, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will reach 058 or more, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value decreased by 16% compared with 2020. By 2030, the water-saving institutional system, market adjustment mechanism and technical support capacity will be continuously enhanced, and the efficiency and effectiveness of water use will be further improved.
The "Opinions" put forward strict dual control of the total amount and intensity of water use: 1) In terms of agricultural water use, it is required to determine the land with water, develop water-saving agriculture, and improve the water-saving capacity of rural areas;2) In terms of industrial water use, it is required to determine production by water, strengthen the intensive water use of enterprises and parks, and implement water-saving transformation, and strive to achieve about 94% of the reuse rate of industrial water above designated size by 20253) In terms of residential water use, it is required to determine the city and people by water, curb water waste, and control the leakage rate of the urban public water supply network within 9% by 2025;4) In terms of ecological landscape water use, it is required to use water to determine greenery and strictly control landscape water use. At the same time, it is required to strengthen the utilization of sewage resources, and by 2025, the utilization rate of reclaimed water in water-scarce cities at and above the prefecture level will reach more than 25%, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin will strive to reach 30%, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will reach more than 35%.
Since 2012, the leakage rate of public water supply in cities and counties in China has decreased steadily, and in 2022, respectively. 6%, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap, such as Japan, the United States water supply network leakage rate remains below 8%. At the same time, the leakage rate of the pipeline network varies greatly among provinces and cities, for example, the leakage rate of urban water supply (public water supply) in Liaoning in 2022 is 167%, and the leakage rate of Guangdong and Zhejiang in the same period was only. 1%。Mainly due to the rapid expansion of the city in the early days, there are problems such as uneven distribution of funds in many places, not in place, etc., the transformation of the water supply pipe network is often based on the original pipeline using reinforced concrete pipes for expansion, the foundation of this kind of pipe network is not firm, and the long-term use leads to the aging of the pipe network, corrosion, and leakage.
In 2020, the ratio of production and sales of public water supply in the country was 1624%。Among the local water companies, Chongqing Water and Xingrong Environment maintained a stable growth trend in tap water production and sales from 2017 to 2022. In 2022, the production and sales difference rates of Chongqing Water and Xingrong Environmental Water Supply Business will be respectively. 9%, which remained stable overall.
The leakage rate of public water supply in cities and counties across the country from 2012 to 2022
Outline of the feasibility study report of the project (new version on May 1, 2023).
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1. Project Overview.
1.2. Overview of the project unit.
1.3. Basis for compilation.
1.4. Main conclusions and recommendations.
Chapter 2 Project Construction Background and Necessity
2.1. Project construction background.
2.2. Planning policy compliance.
2.3. Construction necessity.
Chapter 3 Project Needs Analysis and Output Scheme
3.1. Demand analysis.
3.2. The content and scale of construction.
3.3. Project output plan.
Chapter 4 Project Site Selection and Element Guarantee
4.1. Project site selection.
4.2. Project construction conditions.
4.3. Factor guarantee analysis.
Chapter 5 Construction Plan
5.1. Engineering plan.
5.2. Construction management plan.
Chapter 6 Project Operation Plan
6.1. Selection of operating mode.
6.2. Operational organization plan.
6.3. Security scheme.
6.4. Performance management program.
Chapter VII Environmental Protection
7.1. Basis for execution.
7.2. Environmental impact analysis and environmental protection measures during the construction period.
7.3. Pollution prevention and treatment measures during the operation period.
7.4. Soil and water conservation measures.
7.5. Special environmental impact analysis.
7.6 Conclusion.
7.7 Recommendations.
Chapter 8 can be analyzed
8.1. Basis for compilation.
8.2. The principle of energy saving.
8.3. Types of energy consumption of the project.
8.4. Energy-saving measures.
Chapter 9 Project Investment Estimation and Fund Raising
9.1. Investment estimates.
9.2. Fundraising.
Chapter 10 Analysis of the impact of the project
10.1. Social impact analysis.
10.2. The attitude and participation of different interest groups towards the project.
11.3. Ecological environmental impact analysis.
11.4. Analysis of resource and energy utilization effects.
11.5. Carbon peak and carbon neutrality analysis.
Chapter 11 Project Risk Management and Control Plan
11.1. Risk identification and evaluation.
11.2. Risk degree analysis.
11.3. Risk management and control plan.
Chapter 12 Social Stability Risk Analysis
12.1. Risk and its evaluation.
12.2. Comprehensive assessment of risks.
12.3. Measures to prevent risks to social stability.
12.4. Work plan for maintaining social stability.
12.5 Conclusion.
Chapter 13 Conclusions and Recommendations
13.1. Main research conclusions.
13.2. Questions and Suggestions.