The Mean and the University are the two classics in the Four Books, which are important documents of Confucianism and are written by Confucius and his **. Both books emphasize the principles of self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country, and leveling the world, which have had a profound impact on traditional Chinese culture.
The core ideas or important ideas of "The Mean" are mainly as follows:
The golden mean: The golden mean is the core concept of "The Mean", which refers to the principle of impartiality and moderation. This is reflected in personal cultivation, codes of conduct, and principles for governing the country. Confucius believed that moderation is the highest state of life and the goal that people should pursue.
Self-cultivation: Self-cultivation is an important content of "The Mean", which refers to improving one's moral character and Xi through study and cultivation. Confucius believed that self-cultivation is the foundation of living in the world and the premise of realizing the ideal of life.
Inner saint and outer king: The inner king refers to cultivating one's own heart, and the outer king refers to governing the country. Confucius believed that the inner sage and the outer king complement each other, and only the inner sage can be the outer king.
The core ideas or important ideas of the University are mainly as follows:
The way of the university: The way of the university refers to the teaching objectives and methods of the university. "University"The emphasis is on the extensiveness of learning, and it is believed that the scope of learning should include personal cultivation, family harmony, national governance, and peace in the world. "University" believes that the way of the university lies in being virtuous, close to the people, and ending at perfection.
Mingmingde: Ming Mingde refers to making one's moral character reach the realm of fairness and righteousness. "University" believes that Mingmingde is the starting point for realizing the ideal of life.
Close to the people: Being close to the people means making the people's lives happy and happy. "University" believes that being close to the people is the key to realizing the ideal of life.
Stop at the best: Stopping at perfection refers to the pursuit of perfection. "University" believes that stopping at perfection is the goal of realizing the ideal of life.
Self-cultivation Qi family rules the country and the world:"University" is proposed"The way of unification", that is, through the process of self-cultivation and family governance, to achieve harmony between individuals, families, countries and the world.
Gewu Zhizhi:"University" emphasizes the enhancement of knowledge through practice, proposed:"Gewu Zhizhi:"The idea is that by observing the changes in things, we can understand the truth more deeply.
The importance of Matilda:"University" believes that in order to achieve the way of great unification, we must first understand morality and cultivate correct character and personality.
Methodology:He stressed the need to constantly cultivate one's self and Xi one's character through actual study and practice, and gradually reach the realm of self-cultivation and one's ability to rule the country and the world.
The ideas of "The Mean" and "University" have had a profound impact on traditional Chinese culture, and have had a significant impact on various fields such as Chinese politics, economy, society, and culture. They are not only important classics of Confucianism, but also an important part of traditional Chinese culture.
Here are some of the important statements from The Mean and The University:
"The Mean".
"The golden mean is virtuous, and it is the most important! The discord of the people is as much as the discord of the body. flesh and blood are connected, but not together; Monarchs and ministers, fathers and sons, brothers, husbands and wives, friends and friends, have not tasted together; There is nothing to do, and the world is governed. ”(Chapter 2).
"Erudite, inquisitive, thoughtful, discerning, and diligent. ”(Chapter 2).
"The way of a gentleman is to create a husband and wife, and it can turn the people into people. ”(Chapter 2).
University
"The way of the university is in Mingmingde, in being close to the people, and in stopping at perfection. ”(Chapter 1).
"Knowing and then there is certainty, and then being quiet can be quiet, and then being quiet can be peaceful, and then being safe and then being able to consider, and then being able to get. ”(Chapter 2).
"Those who want to be clear and virtuous in the world will rule their country first. Those who want to rule their country must first gather their families. Those who want to gather their families must first cultivate their bodies. Those who want to cultivate their bodies must first correct their hearts. Those who want to correct their hearts must first be sincere. If you want to be sincere, you should know it first. Enlightenment is in Gewu. Character and then know, know and then sincerity, sincerity and then heart, heart and then body cultivation, body cultivation and then family Qi, family Qi and then national governance, national governance and then the world peace. ”(Chapter 4).
In general, both The Mean and the University emphasize the breadth of moral cultivation, political governance, and learning. They played a positive role in the inheritance and development of Confucianism, and became an important cornerstone of Confucian culture in the future. Tips: The concise reading of ancient texts is intended to lead me to see the profound wisdom left by my ancestors, and to enter the ancient books and comprehend the wisdom.