There is a strange phenomenon: corruption has always existed, and although the anti-corruption campaign has achieved certain results, the vitality of corruption is extremely tenacious, and there are more and more of them.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang hated corruption very much, and the reason was very simple.
First, because Zhu Yuanzhang was victimized by ** filthy officials when he was a child, his family was so poor that he couldn't open the pot, and his parents both starved to death. And after the death of his parents, Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't find a place to bury, or a neighbor couldn't stand it anymore, so he gave him a piece of land, so Zhu Yuanzhang was able to bury his parents.
Second, after Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the world, the world is already the Zhu family, if corruption is not eliminated, then the Zhu family dynasty is afraid that it will be annihilated like the Yuan Dynasty.
Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted strong measures to punish corruption.
The most famous is to peel the skin and fill the grass, that is, to peel off the human skin, fill in the straw to make the first scarecrow, and stand at the door of the yamen or the door of the local land temple to show everyone.
Such a brutal method can be regarded as the most severe anti-corruption in history. Zhu Yuanzhang once admonished the ** people
Those who are officials are valued by the imperial court, but they are not satisfied, they are unwilling to benefit the people, and they are single-mindedly corrupt and corrupt the law
But during Zhu Yuanzhang's administration, there were many corruption cases.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were four major cases: Hu Weiyong's case, Lanyu's case, Kongyin's case, and Guo Huan's case. The Hu Weiyong case and the Lan Yu case are Zhu Yuanzhang's purges of the hero group in order to strengthen the centralization of power, while the empty seal case and the Guo Huan case are cases that emerged to crack down on corruption.
There are historical reasons for the outbreak of the empty seal case.
At that time, the money and grain handed over by the local government were verified by the local personnel and the ** in Beijing, and the seals of both sides were confirmed. But if it's not right, you have to go back to the place, reconfirm the number, and seal it again. However, the territory of the Ming Dynasty was vast and the transportation was inconvenient, so it was too labor-intensive and material-intensive, so it was printed on the white paper first and filled in according to the actual figures.
Obviously, corruption is very easy to follow. But this kind of behavior was not invented by the Ming Dynasty, but the system of the Yuan Dynasty.
But after Zhu Yuanzhang found out, he was furious and punished heavily, and in the end many people were severely punished, and more than 10,000 people were killed (in this regard, different scholars have different views, and some scholars believe that the number of officials killed is about 1,000).
What shocked Zhu Yuanzhang even more was the Guo Huan case.
In the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), that is, the third year after the empty seal case, Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that Guo Huan, the household servant, was corrupt, so he sent someone to investigate. Obviously, someone reported Guo Huan here, otherwise Zhu Yuanzhang would not have known about the problem.
After an investigation, it was terrible, he pulled up the radish and brought out the mud, and a big nest case was shown in front of Zhu Yuanzhang.
Guo Huan, the head of the household department, Beiping Cheng announced that Li Yu, the political envoy, and Zhao Quande, the prosecutorial envoy, and others were bold and took various means to fill their pockets
1. Embezzlement of taxes from Taiping Mansion, Zhenjiang Mansion and other prefectures.In total, Guo Huan and others have a total of more than 24 million stone grains!This is an unprecedented scale of corruption, because during the Zhu Yuanzhang period, the total tax in the whole world was only 29.43 million stones.2. The autumn grain of western Zhejiang was about 2.5 million stones.
3. When collecting taxes, they should set up a name and collect a variety of taxes such as water foot money, food money, treasury money, and god and Buddha money.
Gu Yanwu said in "The Book of Diseases of the Counties of the World".
In the Kao Hongwu Dynasty, the total amount of summer tax and autumn grain in the world is more than 29.43 million, while the government department of Zhejiang is more than 2.752 thousand, Suzhou is more than 2.899 thousand, Songjiang is more than 1.29 thousand, and Changzhou is more than 552,000.In other words, with the addition of Guo Huan and others, the total national income can directly increase by eighty. And Guo Huan's squire is a three-grade official position, a month's Yulu is 35 stones, a year is 420 stones, and their ** grain is equivalent to Guo Huan's 57142 years.
Ming Taizu lamented this corruption case in "The Great Message": "Throughout the ages, there have been many people who have been corrupt and bent the law, but there are really not many who have done so much!”
Such a big case is not something that Guo Huan can do alone, and in the end, he touched the melon and implicated Zhao Mao, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, and Wang Huidi, the secretary of the Criminal Department. Zhu Yuanzhang pained the killer and brought all these ** to justice, and more than 10,000 people were killed.
From the left and right servants of the six departments, there were 7 million stolen goods, and tens of thousands of people died in the province and provincial officials.Zhu Yuanzhang killed **, but he wanted to give the people an explanation and explain the whole thing clearly, but when the amount of corruption was announced, he hesitated. Because of the figure of 24 million, when he said it, he was afraid that the people would think that he was cheating, so he changed the amount of corruption to 7 million.
I don't believe it, but I write about seven million ears.In order to put an end to corruption and prevent them from tampering with digital corruption, Zhu Yuanzhang changed the Chinese characters of bookkeeping "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand" to "one, two, three, four, wu, lu, qi, 捌, jiu, pick, bai, thousand".
Just after the Guo Huan case, Zhu Yuanzhang was also thinking about how to control corruption, thinking about it, he felt that only by mobilizing the people could the ** filthy officials have nowhere to hide.
In the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), Zhu Yuanzhang promulgated the "Great Edict" to the whole country, which has a new provision: if there is an illegal act, the local people can arrest these people and send them to the capital. If anyone dares to intercept them halfway, they will show the public.
Zhu Yuanzhang was worried that the people who went to Nanjing to redress their grievances would not be able to see him, so he placed a red card at the door of the General Administration Department, with a line of words written on it: "Anyone who wants to report to me but can't enter the palace, take this card, you can directly enter the inner house, and the guards at each gate shall not be blocked."
Zhu Yuanzhang set up a "Dengwen Drum" outside the noon gate, calling on the wronged people to beat the drum and voice their grievances.
Not only that, Zhu Yuanzhang also encouraged the people to skip the level to file a complaint;He even encouraged the people to directly tie up ** to the capital to punish the crime, and if ** at all levels dared to intercept it, they would be killed directly.
This is an unheard of regulation in 2,000 years of feudal rule, and it can be described as groundbreaking.
But is corruption contained?
Sorry, it didn't work.
In the thirtieth year of Hongwu (1397), Zhu Yuanzhang's son-in-law Ouyang Lun sent people to sell tea to make huge profits. Ouyang Lun's slaves were arrogant and domineering, and even beat the tax collectors along the way, and the tax collectors reported to the court in a fit of anger. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and gave Ouyang Lun and others to death.
In the face of all this, Zhu Yuanzhang once sighed:
I am sparse and thin, and the way of control is exhausted!There is also a feeling of powerlessness.
You say, why more and more?
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