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Potatoes in the whole growth period can be divided into seedling stage, tuber formation period, tuber expansion period and starch accumulation period 4 periods, these 4 periods of management methods are also different, no matter what kind of management methods, are inseparable from fertilizer-based, only fertilizer application is sufficient, can meet the needs of potato growth, in the process of management can be more relaxed, and can make the yield of potatoes higher. The general principle of potato fertilization is that farmhouse fertilizer is the mainstay, the base fertilizer is the main, and the chemical fertilizer can be used as an auxiliary fertilizer, and then appropriate top dressing is carried out. The growth period of potatoes is short, and the main product is underground roots, while the seedlings in the aboveground have no use value, so they should be returned to the field with straw and used as fertilizer.
1. Overview of potato fertilizer, according to relevant calculations, the ratio of potato demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1:05：2.5. The amount of potassium fertilizer required is far more than twice that of nitrogen fertilizer, therefore, potatoes are one of the crops that prefer potassium fertilizer and need more potassium fertilizer, if you do not pay attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, blind fertilization, even if you use nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is insufficient, it is difficult to make the potatoes planted to obtain the ideal yield.
At the seedling stage, more nitrogen fertilizer was used, less potassium fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer was almost the same from beginning to end, without too obvious fluctuations. If too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, it will cause the vegetative growth of potatoes to be too vigorous, which is manifested as tender and tall plants, tender and green leaves, and fast growth, which can not be turned from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The amount of fertilizer used in the potato seedling stage needs to account for about 25% of the whole growth period of potatoes;When it comes to the root formation and expansion stage of potatoes, the fertilizer required can account for about 50% of the entire growth period, because during this period, not only the underground roots are expanded, but also the growth of stems and leaves is carried out simultaneouslyPotatoes enter the middle and late stages of growth, the plant growth potential is obviously weakened, and gradually declines, the nutrients required during this period only account for about 25% of the entire growth period of potatoes, and these nutrients are enough to increase the starch of potatoes and increase the yield.
2. Reapply base fertilizer, if potatoes want to grow well, choose loose and fertile, sandy soil rich in organic matter for planting. About 2,500 kg of fully decomposed farmhouse fertilizer is applied per mu, or about 3 5 square meters of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer, and 80 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium mixed fertilizer. When the farmhouse fertilizer is not sufficient, the farmhouse fertilizer can be applied according to the line, so that the farmhouse fertilizer is as far as possible around the potato root system, so as to facilitate the root system to absorb and utilize, when applying compound fertilizer, it is necessary to pay attention to the fertilizer not to be in direct contact with the seed potatoes, and for the plot where the potassium element is not sufficient, apply about 5 kg of potassium sulfate. Turn the soil 30 cm deep, ridge and cover with mulch, and then plant.
3, potato topdressing should be sooner rather than later, during the growth of potatoes, where the growth of seedlings is weak, nitrogen fertilizer can be topdressed, nitrogen fertilizer per mu, about 6 kg, in order to allow potatoes to absorb nitrogen as soon as possible, urea can be dissolved in water in advance, and then the fertilizer water is watered at a distance of about 5 cm, and then the soil is cultivated, which is conducive to the vigorous growth of potato seedlings. The time period when it is forbidden to apply urea alone is when potatoes enter the reproductive growth period, that is, after flowering, and the potatoes are no longer mainly vegetative growth, but turn to reproductive growth. If the base fertilizer is sufficient, it is necessary to spray foliar fertilizer reasonably, generally spraying 03% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution + 4000 times the liquid love more collection, and then spray 02% aqueous borax solution +02% zinc sulfate in water. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed again at intervals of one week, alternating two times in a row. It should be noted that potassium dihydrogen phosphate should not be mixed with boron and zinc foliar fertilizers.
4. Potatoes should not be treated with chlorine-containing fertilizers, chlorine is a trace element for potatoes, the dosage is very small, if the fertilizer containing more chlorine is applied, it is easy to reduce the starch rate of potatoes and affect the quality of potatoes, for example, potassium chloride-based blended fertilizer, or potassium chloride as a base fertilizer or top dressing. Try to use potassium sulfate type fertilizer on potatoes, and it is better to use plant ash than potassium chloride if possible. Well, that's all for the sharing of this chapter, welcome to follow, like friends who like it and then go. The author Mu Yu listens to the wind, has many years of technical experience in agricultural production, and has accumulated rich experience in how to achieve high quality and high yield in planting crops, if you have related questions, please feel free to consult me, click on the card below to ask me questions.