The safety production responsibility system is an institutional design formed through long-term occupational health and safety production management practice, and it is also an institutional summary after being beaten by countless accidents.
If we want to mention this system, from the available information, it can be seen as early as March 30, 1963 promulgated in the "Several Provisions on Strengthening Safety Work in Enterprise Production", the first provision of the regulations is "on the responsibility system for safe production".
This regulation puts forward five work requirements, and puts forward "two management and five simultaneous", which puts forward requirements for the safety work of various business functional departments, leaders at all levels, labor protection institutions and personnel, and employees.
If you taste it finely,This provision was the prototype of the content of the "Work Safety Law" laterFor example, the responsibilities of safety production management institutions and safety production management personnel, and the rights and obligations of employees in safety production.
However, when it comes to the responsibility system for safe production, it is by no means like a spring breeze overnight, and thousands of trees and pear blossoms bloom, and it is not born out of thin air with a document in 1963The initial prototype should have been proposed by the Ministry of Heavy Industry.
10 years ago, that is, in 1953, our country began to implement the first five-year plan, we began to carry out large-scale economic construction, due to the backwardness of the management level and technical level at that time, the problem of safety production is very prominent, only the first 5 months, the Ministry of heavy industry affiliated enterprises have 80 major accidents, the Ministry of heavy industry realized that the assault production violates the operating procedures, the factory and mine safety technology organization is not sound is the main reason for the frequent accidents.
In May 1953, the Ministry of Heavy Industry issued the "Instructions on the Establishment of a Responsibility System in Production Plants and Mines", which first pointed out that the most important shortcoming in enterprise management at present is that there is a serious lack of responsibility in many management systems, and required the leaders of all production plants and mines to establish and improve in a planned manner seven major responsibility systems, including the administrative responsibility system, the technical responsibility system, the production scheduling responsibility system, the equipment maintenance and overhaul responsibility system, and the safety and technical responsibility system.
This emphasizes that "in addition to the relevant safety work of the factory director and workshop director, the direct responsible personnel are stipulated", which means that the factory and mine director, workshop director, foreman, squad leader, team members, etc. are all responsible for safety.
In 1963, the state clarified the responsibility system for production safety and stipulated the corresponding responsibilities, but soon after, we began to experience "ten years of turmoil", when "leftist" ideology and non-ideology were rampant, and many laws, regulations, and systems on production safety were characterized as "rules and regulations" that bound the broad masses of revolutionaries.
In that 10 years of turmoil, it was also the second period of high incidence of accidents after the founding of New China, the accident of major coal mines was high, and the safety production was very chaotic, first one of the founders of the work of safety production, the former Minister of Labor Li Lisan was killed, and in 1970, the Ministry of Labor was abolished, and the business was merged into the Labor Bureau of the State Planning Revolutionary Committee.
Even because of the accident, instead of investigating and dealing with the person responsible for the accident, he was promoted, which can imagine that the safety production responsibility system can still be implemented?
In order to reverse the chaos of safety management at that time, the "Notice of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening Safety in Production" was issued, and although certain results have been achieved, the responsibility system for safe production has still not been implemented.
By 1978, the "Notice on Conscientiously Doing a Good Job in Labor Protection" issued by the Communist Party of China stipulated: When an accident occurs in an enterprise, the responsibility of the factory director must first be investigated, and it cannot be tolerated.
This can be regarded as a "10-year turmoil", for the implementation of the responsibility system for safe production in 1963, from the ideological unification and implementation, and then began to restore and establish a sound sound rules and regulations, the more landmark event is that in 1979 after the "Bohai No. 2" drilling ship capsized and sank, the Minister of Petroleum was dismissed from his post, and the Vice Premier in charge of the petroleum industry was punished with a major demerit.
However, in the 10 years since 1978, we have entered the stage of rapid catch-up and development of industrialization, and the responsibility system for safe production has not been implemented in essence.
In the years that followed, there were many years in which serious accidents occurred one after another, such as three particularly serious accidents in November and December 1979 and three particularly serious accidents in January 1988.
The state realizes that accidents occur one after another, and an important reason is that the safety production responsibility system is not implemented, otherwise it would not be in the 1997 Ministry of Labor "Opinions on Conscientiously Implementing the Safety Production Responsibility System".
In the final analysis, the effective implementation and implementation of the safety production responsibility system began in 2002. First of all, the "Work Safety Law" regards the establishment and improvement of the responsibility system for production safety as a basic system that must be implemented by production and business operation units and the main responsible persons, and writes the state's implementation of the system of accountability for production safety accidents into legal provisions.
In 2004 and later, all kinds of documents issued further clarified the relevant requirements for the establishment of a safety production responsibility system, such as the "Decision on Further Strengthening Work Safety", which is constantly consolidating the central position of the safety production responsibility system in safety management.
Rely only on the issuance of documents,The implementation of the responsibility system for safe production will still be inadequate, but since then, the standardization of safety production has begun to be vigorously promoted in China, and it has blossomed everywhere.
The standardization of safety production is to take the safety production responsibility system as the core, and through the construction of safety production standardization and various sports governance and accountability, it can be said that it has laid a solid foundation for the effective implementation and implementation of the safety production responsibility system.
The responsibility system for safe production is indeed conducive to increasing the sense of responsibility and mobilizing the enthusiasm of all kinds of personnel to do a good job in safe production, and is conducive to the formation of a situation in which responsibilities are clear, each performs its own duties, and bears its own responsibilities, effectively assuming the responsibility for safe production in combination with the actual situation of the law and the enterprise, and promoting the safety management work to form an organic whole.
The safety production responsibility system is an effective starting point to ensure that the production guidelines, policies, laws and regulations, and regulations are implemented, and whether the real strict responsibility is implemented, and serious accountability, is whether the safety production responsibility system has been implemented and implemented a standard, among them, whether the responsibility, power and interest are equal when the responsibility is pursued, and it is an important symbol to measure whether the safety production responsibility system is fair and reasonable when it is implemented and implemented.
The safety production responsibility system has been explored and built for more than 50 years in the ups and downs, and after more than 10 years of sublimation and promotion, it is still on the road.
In recent years, the state has been implementing "the same responsibility of the party and the government, double responsibility for one post, and accountability for dereliction of duty", "the implementation of the safety production responsibility list system, due diligence according to the order of exemption, dereliction of duty according to the single account", etc., these are the sublimation and promotion of the construction of the responsibility system for production safety.
Most safety managers will feel that the list of responsibilities is static and the risks are dynamic, which is not conducive to safety risk prevention and control.
However, responsibility means that each has its own interests and has its own calculationsSafety is inherently hierarchical, and responsibility is also the soul of safety managementTherefore, no matter how to carry out the construction of the responsibility system for safe production and the investigation of responsibilityAs long as it comprehensively balances the needs of the times, objective laws, the interests of all parties, the basic characteristics, and the people's perception of safe production, I think it is reasonableIt's just that many of them will be ruthlessly crushed by the wheels of history