During the Apocalypse, the struggle between the Donglin Party and the Eunuch Party became the focus of the political situation in the Ming Dynasty. At first, the Donglin Party held most of the power, but it appeared incapable of handling state affairs. However, after the eunuch party came to power, it took bloody measures to squeeze out the leader of the Donglin Party, Sun Chengzong, leading to a dangerous situation in Liaodong. This article will examine the role of the Donglin Party at the end of the Ming Dynasty and analyze the political mistakes of the Chongzhen Dynasty.
Apocalypse Dynasty: The gains and losses of the Donglin Party.
During the Apocalypse, the Donglin Party dominated the political arena, but its performance in power was not satisfactory. Although some members of the Donglin Party have done something to stabilize the situation in Liaodong, on the whole, they have focused too much on excluding dissenting parties and neglecting the overall development of the country. In contrast, after the eunuch Wei Zhongxian came to power, he took extreme measures and directly beheaded members of different parties, which exacerbated political turmoil.
Eunuch Party Comes to Power: The Price of Sun Chengzong's Squeezing Out.
After the eunuchs seized power, Sun Chengzong was squeezed out, which led to the withdrawal of military funds to Shanhaiguan, and Liaodong was in danger. Although some Donglin Party members stabilized the situation in Liaodong during the Apocalypse Dynasty, the brutality of the Eunuch Party is food for thought. It is worth noting that important equipment such as Hongyi cannons was also purchased by the Donglin Party, which has made a certain contribution to national defense.
Chongzhen Dynasty: The Donglin Party briefly took power.
With Wei Zhongxian**, the Donglin Party regained power, however, their rule was not long-lasting. Emperor Chongzhen was disgusted with the formation of civil and official parties, which made it difficult for the Donglin Party to gain substantial power in the Chongzhen Dynasty. Most of the leaders of the Donglin Party, Qian Qianyi, and others were squeezed back home and lost their right to speak in the government.
The political mistakes of the Chongzhen Dynasty.
Chongzhen replaced nineteen chiefs and assistants within seventeen years and killed seven military secretaries, showing Chongzhen's impatient and suspicious character. His distrust of ministers limits the role of competent ministers. On the military front, Chongzhen's excessive intervention led to ineffective suppression of the rebels, making the situation even more chaotic.
Chongzhen's biggest mistake: he did not leave an heir to Nanming.
Chongzhen's biggest mistake before his death was that he did not leave an edict to determine Nanming's heir, which led to internal disputes within Nanming. This misstep provided an opportunity for the Manchu invasion, and the Southern Ming fell into infighting and eventually became the Manchu Yi Zai. Chongzhen did not expect that the Manchu Qing would be able to enter the customs, nor did he expect that Nanming would have follow-up resistance.
The optimal solution of the Chongzhen Dynasty: move the capital to Nanjing.
In the Chongzhen Dynasty, moving the capital to Nanjing may be the best solution. Nanjing's geographical location was relatively safe, and it was able to effectively deal with Manchu raids and peasant uprisings in the north. Chongzhen's relinquishment of power in Nanjing to resist the Manchus on his own may have been able to slow down the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
Epilogue. In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the struggle between the Donglin Party and the Eunuch Party, as well as the political mistakes of the Chongzhen Dynasty, laid the groundwork for the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Chongzhen's impatience and suspicion, and his distrust of his ministers, led to military and political chaos that eventually created the conditions for a Manchu invasion. In the long course of history, the fall of the Ming Dynasty has left many reflections and provided valuable lessons for future generations.
The above article profoundly analyzes the political situation in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, focusing on the open and secret struggle between the Donglin Party and the Eunuch Party and the political mistakes of the Chongzhen Dynasty. Through detailed historical research and reasonable reasoning, the author reveals the complex inside story of this period, so that readers have a clearer understanding of the fate of the last years of the Ming Dynasty.
First of all, the article comprehensively sorted out the confrontation between the Donglin Party and the Eunuch Party. It is clear that the Donglin Party did hold most of the power in the early days of the Apocalypse, but they were too focused on the whole people rather than effectively governing the affairs of the state. After the eunuch party came to power, it adopted radical measures, not only directly beheading members of the other parties, but also squeezing out Sun Chengzong and other core figures of the Donglin party. This analysis is a profound historical observation, which gives the reader a more nuanced understanding of the drastic changes in the political situation at the time.
Second, the article's evaluation of the Chongzhen Dynasty highlights Chongzhen's political mistakes. From the frequent replacement of the first assistant and the killing of the military department Shangshu, the reader can feel Chongzhen's impatience and suspicious character. The author emphasizes Chongzhen's distrust of ministers, which makes it difficult for capable ministers to play their roles. This analysis is thought-provoking, triggering a broad reflection on the personality and decision-making style of leaders, and a more profound summary of historical lessons.
The article also provides an in-depth analysis of Chongzhen's biggest mistake, that is, not leaving an heir to Nanming. This decision led to internal strife within the Southern Ming and became an opportunity for the Manchu invasion. The author points out that this omission prevented the Southern Ming from forming a united front, which ultimately accelerated the fall of the Ming Dynasty. This kind of in-depth excavation of historical details enables readers to better understand the internal logic of the development of historical events.
Finally, the article proposes the possibility that the Chongzhen Dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing, providing a possible solution to the fate of the Ming Dynasty. This view is instructive and allows the reader to reflect on history as well as the possibilities and choices of the time.
Taken together, this article provides an in-depth analysis of the political turmoil in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, and through historical facts and reasonable speculation, the reader has a more comprehensive understanding of the complex situation in this period. The article has a clear point of view and rigorous argumentation, providing readers with in-depth historical reflections.
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