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In our ancient Chinese history, the Southern Song Dynasty was the most aggrieved dynasty, but it was also a peak period of ancient economic and cultural development
1, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou.
Song Gaozong was the founder of the Southern Song Dynasty and the second emperor to cross to the south after Sima Rui, Emperor of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
In the early stage, Song Gaozong appointed a large number of people from the main battle faction to resist the invasion of the Jin soldiers, and later after the situation gradually stabilized, he began to use a large number of people from the main peace faction.
It was not until the main battle faction led by Yue Fei successively recovered a large number of homelands in the Central Plains that Song Huizong immediately made peace with the Jin people, signed the humiliating "Shaoxing Peace Conference", paid tribute to the Jin State, and ceded a large amount of territory to the Jin State.
Although the Shaoxing Peace Conference was humiliating, it basically established the situation of the division of the Jin State and the Southern Song Dynasty between the north and the south, and also provided an opportunity for the stable development of the Southern Song Dynasty for more than 20 years.
Generally speaking, Song Gaozong has made great contributions to the founding of the Southern Song Dynasty, and without Song Gaozong's forbearance and humiliation, there would be no half of the Southern Song Dynasty.
However, Song Gaozong also inherited the Song Dynasty's consistent policy of emphasizing literature over military force, improving the status of civil servants and suppressing military generals, so that the Southern Song Dynasty was basically under serious external threats.
2, Song Xiaozong Zhao Yan.
Song Xiaozong is almost the most accomplished emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he is also an emperor who was appointed in danger.
After all, before Song Xiaozong succeeded to the throne, he was faced with the fact that the Jin army was moving south, and the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was precarious, which was similar to the situation when Song Qinzong succeeded to the throne.
When the Jin soldiers went south, Song Huizong did not want to bear the disaster of losing the country, and passed the throne to Song Qinzong, this time the Jin soldiers also went south, Song Gaozong also wanted to follow his father Song Huizong wanted to pass on the throne to the then crown prince Zhao Wei (Song Xiaozong), and he was ready to run away with oil on the soles of his feet.
However, at that time, Zhao Wei (Song Xiaozong) was not afraid of the Jin soldiers who went south, and took the initiative to ask for a war against Jin, and finally Song Gaozong was forced to take Zhao Wei to the front line under great pressure and coercion, and finally defeated the Jin soldiers of Wanyan Liang.
After the defeat of the Jin soldiers, Zhao Wei successfully became the emperor, that is, Song Xiaozong.
Later, Song Xiaozong took advantage of the civil strife in Jin to launch the Longxing Northern Expedition, although the Northern Expedition failed on the surface, but also achieved major diplomatic results, so that the relationship between Jin and Song changed from a monarch and a minister to an uncle and nephew, and the tribute was changed back to a gift coin.
In the later period, although Song Xiaozong had the intention of the Northern Expedition, he was unable to do so, so he began to vigorously develop the domestic economy, and the Southern Song Dynasty also entered the Zhongxing situation of 'Chunxi's rule'.
In terms of merit, Song Xiaozong was the most effective and contributing emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was a pity that he did not meet famous generals such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong during his reign.
3, Song Guangzong Zhao Dan.
When it comes to Song Guangzong, perhaps most people's impression of him is 'unfilial piety' and 'strict wife'.
Song Guangzong was the emperor who was appointed by Song Xiaozong's Zen throne, and he also had a strong queen Li Fengniang, and the country was relatively stable at that time, which led to Song Guangzong under the instigation of Empress Li Fengniang, and put all his energy in the internal struggle with his father Song Xiaozong.
Therefore, Song Guangzong has been in power for a few years, basically has not done any major things, and has not done anything, and is basically a transitional emperor.
4, Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo.
Song Ningzong feels like a 'puppet emperor', who has been the emperor for 30 years, and is basically controlled by powerful ministers.
Song Ningzong got the throne from his father Song Guangzong with the support of Han Yanxuan, Zhao Ruyu and others, so Song Ningzong was basically under the influence of Han Yanxuan in the early stage.
Han Yanxuan was also an ambitious prime minister, and during his reign, he devoted himself to recovering his homeland in the Central Plains and carried out the Kaixi Northern Expedition, but he suffered failure.
Later, Han Yanxuan fell, Shi Miyuan took charge, and signed an even more humiliating 'Jiading Peace Agreement' with the Jin State.
Subsequently, the Southern Song Dynasty entered a period of relatively peaceful development, and its economic and cultural development also reached the peak of the Southern Song Dynasty.
On the merits and demerits of Song Ningzong, it is that it is too weak and incompetent, and has been manipulated by powerful ministers, and the credit is that in the later period of his reign, although it was ruled by inaction, it also made the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty to the peak period.
5, Song Lizong Zhao Yun.
Song Lizong's biggest impression should be the incident of his tomb being stolen and his head made into drinking utensils.
Song Lizong's background was very ordinary, but he was lucky enough to pick up an emperor to be.
Due to the problem of origin, Song Lizong became a puppet under the control of the powerful minister Shi Miyuan as soon as he became emperor, until Shi Miyuan died, and Song Lizong began to govern in person.
Of course, Song Lizong also wanted to make a contribution to become an emperor who made a difference, but in the year of his pro-government, he encountered the Mongol attack on the Jin State and occupied the capital of the Jin State, Bianjing, at this time the Jin State was already in danger and on the verge of extinction.
At that time, Jin Aizong also stated to the Song Dynasty that 'the lips are dead and the teeth are cold', but Song Lizong only wanted to take revenge on the Jin people, rejected Jin Aizong's request, and united with Mongolia to destroy the Jin State.
Subsequently, Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty took advantage of the situation to send people to recover Bianjing, Guide and other places one after another, but on the way to recover Luoyang, he was attacked by the Mongols and suffered a heavy defeat, and then the 'Song-Mongolian War' broke out for many years.
After that, Song Lizong took a defensive position against Mongolia, actively carried out domestic reforms, and began to govern the country with 'Cheng Zhu Lixue', and the Southern Song Dynasty also reached the trend of Zhongxing during the reign of Song Lizong, but then quickly declined.
Song Lizong as a whole is an emperor who has offset his merits and demerits, although he made a mistake in the early stage of decision-making on the 'Lianmeng Extinguishing Jin', but later actively carried out reforms and maladministrations, so that the Southern Song Dynasty was still in a relatively stable situation during its reign of more than 40 years, and even appeared a period of Zhongxing, but it is a pity that the later period led to the chaos of the ministers and a bit of 'late season is not guaranteed'.
6, Song Duzong Zhao Yu.
One of the most famous things about Song Duzong is that he is fortunate to have more than 30 concubines a day, and it can be seen from this incident how exaggerated Song Duzong's love for women is.
Therefore, after Song Duzong succeeded to the throne, most of the time he was not interested in political affairs, and he was accompanied by the beauties in the palace all day long, and the major affairs of the country were basically in the hands of Jia Nidao, the minister of power.
Jia Rudao is also a well-known traitor in history, so you can imagine how chaotic the situation was in the Southern Song Dynasty at that time.
In addition, the enemy encountered by Song Duzong was the powerful Kublai Khan, so it was inevitable that the Southern Song Dynasty would fall in his hands.
Song Duzong was almost the most absurd emperor in the two Song dynasties, although the fall of the Song Dynasty was also the responsibility of Song Lizong, but Song Duzong's fault of lying flat could not be shirked.