In 2019, under the research of the team of academician Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", the world's first plant was successfully cultivated"Super Rice".
It was even more in October of this yearLiangshan, Sichuan, but also reached an average yield of 1251 per mu5 kg, setting a world record for the yield per mu of hybrid rice in a single season;
The team led by Yuan Longping also succeeded in making improvementsSeawater riceThe ability to grow rice on saline-alkali land has greatly ensured China's food security and ensured the food supply of 1.4 billion people on limited land. Not all rice yields per mu are as good as 1251 in Liangshan, Sichuan5 kilograms, and some areas only have a yield of more than 700 kilograms per mu.
On the whole, China's rice yield per mu last year was about 948 catties, while the United States was able to reach 1,152 catties per mu, which is higher than China'sJin, why the hell?
United StatesAt present, the technology of hybrid rice is the first in China, and the time for studying hybrid rice is also very early, but there is a technical gap in breeding rice.
As early as 1926 American agronomistjonesA male rice was discovered, and the hybrid advantage was reported for the first time, which provided a new idea for breeding, but it did not attract the attention of the Chinese people, and finally missed the cultivation of hybrid rice.
The success of hybrid rice in China is the experience and wisdom accumulated by several agronomists in Yuan Longping's team for decades.
The United States wants to have this technology and seeds, directly from our countryIntroducedIn March 1980, the U.S. Ring Seed Company signed a 10-year technology transfer agreement with the China Seed Company and paid $200,000 in royalties in advance.
In the same year, Yuan Longping, Chen Yiwu and other famous rice experts went to the United States to cultivate hybrid rice adapted to the local ecological environment of the United States, with their assistance, the four varieties of Nanyou No. 2 and Nanyou No. 6, the yield per mu is about 1490 kilograms, which is 30% 50% higher than the traditional rice in the United States, which is called by the United States"Oriental Magic Rice".
By the late 80's, the Western Ring Seed Company was conductedHeavygroup, which was acquired by Rice Technology Inc. of the United States. Industrialization was achieved gradually;
Entered90sThe U.S. Rice Science and Technology Company has been hiring Chinese experts for technical guidance, and has successively introduced three-line, two-line, restorer line and other varieties from China.
In 2000, China's first commercial rice varietyxl6The development was successful. Since then, the area of hybrid rice cultivation in the United States has increased year by year, completely solving the problem of mechanized production.
That's why China's hybrid rice technology and seeds, the United States also has them, and they are the same as the seeds we plant.
When it comes to rice cultivation, the first thing that comes to mind islandFertile land is an important condition for high grain yield. Our country has a large population, and most of the areas where it lives are plains, so the land for planting is occupied, so most of the rice is grown on the mountains and hills.
And our country has a vast land and cultivated landKindWhether it is a plain or a mountainous area, farmers can be seen growing rice, and the fertility of the soil varies from region to region.
For example, inSoutheast coastThe area is not only flat terrain, but also very fertile, so the production capacity per mu reaches 1,300 catties, and the highest can even reach 1,600 catties;Like China's hilly and mountainous areas, most of the land is not fertile, with an average yield of about 370 catties per mu.
Agriculture in the United States isModularityPlanting, and China's crop mix is completely different, there are special rice planting areas, most of them are plain areas, and lakes to nourish the land, not only can increase soil fertility, but also can ensure the water demand of rice planting, so the yield per mu of rice planting in different places is small, and the yield per mu is high.
In addition to this, the way in which rice is grown is also important. Because most of the rice cultivation in our country is based onFamilyMainly, small-scale home-based manual planting, planted based on previous experience, and finally harvested with a harvester.
Farm implementsIn order to free the hands of farmers and make agricultural production more efficient, take rice transplanting as an example, experts in the United States have considered how to achieve the highest utilization rate per mu when designing rice transplanting machines.
Not only consideredYesThe living space and light range of rice, so American farmers do not need to go to the field, they can plant rice by themselves, and operate the machine to achieve good results.
On top of that, most of the young people living in rural areas in China todayUnwillingWorking in the fields, going to the city to work to make money, a lot of arable land has become wasteland, most of the people left are elderly, although you can still farm now, but there will always be a time when you can't plant, so who should give the wasteland to plant?This is also a thorny problem for China at the moment.
There are also factors that affect rice yieldsClimatic factorsFriends who have some common sense of agriculture know that the same crop is harvested differently in different regions. For example, when rice is grown in the north, most of them can only be harvested for one season, and at most two crops can be harvestedIn the warm climate of the south, two crops can be harvested, and a maximum of three seasons can be harvested.
Rice not onlyJoy of warmth, also need sufficient water to irrigate, most of the areas where rice is planted in China are in the south, mostly in the monsoon climate zone, high temperature and rain in summer, mild and little rain in winter, very suitable for rice growth, but there are also many in the northern region, so the average yield is low.
Most of the areas where rice is grown in the United States are:**Climate with evergreen broad-leaved forestsIt is especially suitable for planting rice because it is concentrated in this area, so the yield gap is not large, and the average yield per mu is high.
Our country has been since ancient timesA large agricultural countryHowever, under the advancement of modernization, it has gradually entered the ranks of industrial powers, but China is a famous populous country in the world.
According to statistics, China's population has broken through1.4 billionPeople, to ensure that the people are well fed is a necessary condition for maintaining national stability, so the issue of agriculture, agriculture and agriculture has always been a key concern in China.
The same kind of allHybrid riceHowever, the average yield per mu in the United States is 204 kg higher than that in China, after analysis, it is mainly the topography, climate, soil fertility and other problems of the planting area, because the planting of rice in the United States is concentrated in the same climate zone, so even if the planting area is less than that of China, the average yield per mu is higher than that of China.
In fact, we should not worry too much about this phenomenon, because the total yield of rice in China is 281230,000 tons, 2,292 more than the United States (520 tons).30,000 tons, for the United States5.4 times
But American farmersIndustrializationThe agricultural management mode is worthy Xi of learning from our country, liberating the hands of farmers and replacing manual labor with machines, which can not only alleviate the dilemma of unmanned planting of rural land, but also improve the yield of rice per mu, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.
I hope that our country's agronomists will continue to be trainedHigher yieldsof rice seeds, grow more rice on a limited planting area, increase grain reserves, ensure food security in our country, and ensure that in any case, the people can be fed and no longer experience the famine of the early 60s of the last century.