World War II was the largest war in human history, with 61 countries and regions around the world and 2 billion people forced to be involved in this war, causing indelible wounds to mankind. After the end of World War II, what happened to the 7 heads of state of the fascist camp?
1. Japan. During World War II, Japan launched the War of Aggression against China and the Pacific War, invaded dozens of countries including China, Korea, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Singapore, Vietnam and other countries, and created many tragic events such as Nanjing, Manila, and Singapore, and committed unforgivable crimes against the people of Asia and even the world.
In 1945, after Japan's defeat and surrender, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, Army Generals Matsui Ishone, Seishiro Itagaki, Kenji Dohihara and others, who launched the second war, were condemned by the Far East Military Tribunal as "Class A war criminals" for crimes such as "breaching peace" and "homing", and were finally hanged. Although Emperor Hirohito, the head of state of Japan, was the main culprit in launching the war of aggression against China and the Pacific War, he was the emperor of Japan, the "god" in the hearts of the Japanese, and if the emperor was executed, it might cause turmoil in Japan, which was not conducive to the post-war control and management of Japan by the United States.
2. Germany. Germany is one of the strongest countries in the Nazi camp.
On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland on a large scale, Britain and France were forced to declare war on Germany, and World War II broke out.
After the outbreak of World War II, Germany quickly defeated France, Denmark, Belgium, Poland and other countries through "blitzkrieg" and "tank warfare", and occupied most of Europe. As the war deepened, Germany's lack of resources and its war potential were not as good as those of the United States, the Soviet Union, and other countries were exposed. The German army, which was fighting on multiple fronts, became weaker and weaker, and was defeated by the United States, the Soviet Union and other ** teams one after another, falling into an unfavorable situation.
On April 30, 1945, after the German army was gone, German Chancellor Adolf Hitler committed suicide in the bunker of the Chancellery in Berlin. After Hitler's death, Admiral Dönitz succeeded him as Germany**, and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels became Chancellor of Germany, but they could not reverse Germany's defeat. On May 2, 1945, Germany was defeated and surrendered. Dönitz was sentenced to 10 years in prison, and Goebbels committed suicide. Other German generals, Manstein, were sentenced to 18 years in prison, Guderian, the "father of blitzkrieg", was acquitted after three years of imprisonment, and Air Marshal Hermann Wilhelm Goering committed suicide by poisoning while in captivity.
3. Italy.
Italy, one of the three major fascist Axis powers.
During World War II, the Italian Air Force performed remarkably and was the main helper of the German army, but the performance of the army was very poor, and the Italian soldiers did not have a strong will to fight, surrendering to their opponents at every turn, and did not show the combat effectiveness that matched their strength. In 1943, after the fascist camp was defeated on the battlefield, there was turmoil in Italy. King Emmanuel III ordered the resignation of Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, appointed Field Marshal Badogglio as Prime Minister of Italy, and imprisoned Mussolini on the island of Poncha.
Mussolini was an ally of Hitler, and after his trouble, Hitler sent troops to rescue Mussolini and set up a puppet** in Italy to obey his orders. In 1945, after the surrender of Germany, Mussolini was captured and executed by partisans while on the run.
4. Bulgaria.
Bulgaria, one of Germany's allies.
During World War II, Bulgaria participated in Germany's military operations against Yugoslavia and Greece, but refused to invade the Soviet Union. In September 1944, Bulgaria was defeated and occupied by the Soviet Union. Boris III, the head of state of Bulgaria, died of illness on August 28, 1943. Boris III was succeeded by Simeon II. In 1946, Bulgaria deposed the monarchy, and Simeon II was forced to follow his mother and aunt into exile in Egypt. In 1951, Spain granted political asylum to the Bulgarian crown.
After this, Simeon II came to settle in Spain. In 1996, Simeon II returned to his native Bulgaria and was warmly welcomed by the population. In 2001, Simeon II ran for prime minister of Bulgaria and was elected. In 2005, Simeon II lost his second election, but he wrote the legend of "the deceased king became prime minister, and the last tsar returned".
5. Hungary.
Hungary's predecessor, Austria-Hungary, was an ally of Germany during World War I. In 1918, after the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved into two states, Austria and Hungary. During World War II, Austria was annexed by Germany because it was unwilling to cooperate with Germany, and Hungary was forced to join the German camp in order to avoid being destroyed by Germany. In 1945, Hungary was liberated by Soviet troops.
During World War II, Hungary retained its monarchy, but due to the vacancy of the royal family, there was no king, and the regent Salahi Ferenc was in power. In April 1945, Salahi Ferenc was taken prisoner by the American army in Germany and sent back to Hungary, where he was sentenced to death.
6. Romania.
Romania, one of Germany's allies.
In 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, which divided their spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. In 1940, under German duress, Romania ceded its Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transylvania to the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, and Hungary, which caused discontent among the Romanian people. King Carol II of Romania was forced to abdicate by Jan Antonescu and went to live in South America with a large amount of treasure. Mihai I succeeded to the throne, and power fell into the hands of Jan Antonescu.
In 1944, after the Soviet invasion of Romania, an uprising broke out in Romania, and the Ceausescu regime was overthrown by the Romanian people.
In 1946, Jan Antonescu was executed. In 1947, when the Romanian People's Republic was established, Mihai I was forced to abdicate and later moved to Switzerland.
7. Thailand. After the outbreak of World War II, in order to avoid being annexed by Japan, Thailand chose to join the Axis camp and signed the "Japan-Thailand Offensive and Defensive Alliance Treaty" with Japan to assist Japan in its fight against the Allied forces. At the end of World War II, after Japan's defeat was assured, Thailand switched to the side of the Allies, which saved Thailand from post-war liquidation. During World War II, the head of state of Thailand was Rama VIII, but he was only a nominal emperor, who lived in Switzerland during the war and did not participate in the affairs of Thailand, and the power was in the hands of Prime Minister Luang Phibun Songkham.
In 1946, King Rama VIII was assassinated and was a tragic figure.
After the end of World War II, Luang Phibun Songkhan was sentenced to prison for war crimes, but due to the intervention of the United States, he was not released soon after, and returned to **, serving as chairman of the Council for the Promotion of Industry and Minister of Industry. In 1957, when a coup d'état broke out in Thailand and Minister of Defense Thali Thanarati seized power, Luang Phibun Songkhon fled to Japan to avoid trouble. In 1964, Luang Phibun Songkhan died of illness in Japan.