Garrisoned in Gyeonggi to resist the Eight-Nation Alliance
In the first four years, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, Dong Fuxiang reported to the north and ordered to lead the Gan army. In the spring of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), another Muslim uprising broke out in the Hehuang area. He, Di's Min Fuqiang, Ma Yonglin;Xining's Han Wenxiu, Liu Sifu and others responded with their own support. They took advantage of the Qing army's eastward transfer to resist the Japanese, and Gansu rose up against the Qing Dynasty when it was temporarily empty. For a while, the uprising was everywhere. Tao Mo, the governor of Gansu, and Yang Changjun, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, were already helpless, and hurriedly asked the imperial court to order Dong Fuxiang to lead the army to the west. The Qing court thought that Tao Mo and Yang Changjun were ineffective in suppression, and they were almost dismissed. However, in order to quell the Hehuang uprising as soon as possible, I had to tell Shaanxi and Gansu: "After Dong Fuxiang and other troops arrive, work together to quickly sweep away the atmosphere." Dong Fuxiang's westward expedition played the role of a historical sinner for the second time.
In September, Dong Fuxiang led the general Wang Yue'an, deputy general Ma Anliang, staff generals Zhang Mingxin, He Debiao and other commanders of the 30th battalion of Mabu from Pingliang and Anding to Hezhou to supervise the military affairs of Gansu. With the deputy general Ma Anliang (Hui people) as the guide, he adopted the method of "governing Hui with Hui" and suppressing and appeasement. On September 20, Dong Fuxiang's pioneer He Debiao crossed the Tao River on a raft at KangjiayaOn the 27th, Dong Fuxiang personally supervised the troops to cross the Tao River from the Piqiao (raft) and searched for the nearby Hui People's Army stronghold. After that, he attacked the area around the top three sets. Then capture Sanjiaji, Prince Temple. Prince Temple is the key pass that Di Dao must pass through to Hezhou. On October 18, Dong Fuxiang led his army to attack Hezhou. On the twenty-ninth day of November of the 21st year of Guangxu (January 13, 1896), Dong Fuxiang was changed from the governor of Urumqi to the governor of Gansu. At that time, the Qing court said: "Dong Fuxiang transferred the governor of Gansu, and still commanded Gansu, and all the generals who sent out the enemy were all under control." and "allow him to do his job." In the sixth year, the Qing court ordered Dong Fuxiang to be stationed in Xining to suppress the Hui people's army, and "Wei Guangtao's 27th battalion belonged to it". Dong Fuxiang sent He Debiao and Zhang Mingxin to lead troops from Xunhua and Milagou to suppress Xining, and Deng Zeng of Xining Town also led troops to cooperate. At the same time, he sent Zhang Chengji to lead his troops to suppress Nianbo. On 2 March, Dong Fuxiang set off from Hezhou and arrived in Xining on 24 March, where he sent Zhang Chengji, He Debiao, Zhang Mingxin, and Deng Zeng of Xining Town to attack Beichuan, Shenzhongbao, Datong, and other places in Xining. In June, the Minister of Military Aircraft and others believed that "the Admiral is in a hurry, the dispatch is appropriate, and it is worthy of Jiashang" In October, the Qing court awarded Dong Fuxiang the title of "Prince Shaobao" (this is only a fictitious title, as an honor for the minister. The Qing Dynasty was listed as the second grade, but the Qing system added this title, although the first rank of the minister, the first time to add the title, but also to add the prince Shaobao, and then gradually increased). and rewarded the "Riding Captain Rank".
In the twenty-third year of Guangxu (1897), "the army of Dong Fuxiang, the governor of Gansu, was transferred to the Weijing Division". On December 28 (January 20, 1898), he moved to Shanxi to supervise training. On April 18, the 24th year of Guangxu (June 6, 1898), he moved to. On June 15, Nala ordered Rong Lu to succeed him as the governor of Zhili and command the three Beiyang armies (Dong Fuxiang Ganjun, Nie Shicheng Wuyi Army, and Yuan Shikai Xinjian Army). After Dong Fuxiang entered Beijing, he once said to the Nala clan: "The minister has no other ability, but can only kill outsiders." On the third day of the eighth month of the 24th year of Guangxu (September 18, 1898), that is, at the beginning of the Wuxu Change, Rong Lu transferred Dong Fuxiang's Gan army to be stationed in Changxindian, on the outskirts of Beijing, for the purpose of suppressing the imperial party. At that time, the Guangxu Emperor and his reformers wanted to rely on Yuan Shikai militarily. Nala and Rong Lu also took active action, quickly transferred Yuan Shikai, who was in Beijing at this time, back to Tianjin, and sent troops to defend Yuan Shikai's main road from Tianjin to Beijing. At the same time, Dong Fuxiang's Gan army was stationed in the capital. When "the people of Jingshi City have spread the rumors that there have been great changes in Beijing in August, the rice and noodles are expensive, and the Dong army has entered from the north gate, and the people are terrified, and there are people who have moved away." It can be seen that Dong Fuxiang is on the side of the old school. Therefore, it was used by the Nala clan and Ronglu as one of the military pillars to launch the "Wuxu Coup". After the Wuxu coup, Rong Lu, a close confidant of the Nala clan, took control of the military and called Yuan Shikai's "New Army", Dong Fuxiang's "Gan Army", Nie Shicheng's "Wu Yi Army", and Song Qing's "Yi Army" as the Beiyang Fourth Army, which was subordinate to Rong Lu, the governor of Zhili and the minister of Beiyang. After that, Yuan Shikai suggested that the new army, Gan army, Wu Yi army, and Yi army in Zhili, plus more than 10,000 people were recruited as Ronglu's pro-army, and they were combined into the Wuwei Army, which was divided into five armies, front and back, left and right, and all under the command of Rong Lu. Dong Fuxiang led the Wuwei rear army to be stationed in Jizhou (now Jixian County, Tianjin) and took into account the Tongzhou area. Later, he was transferred to Nanyuan.
The Nala clan had ordered Emperor Guangxu to inform the Minister of Military Aircraft and decided to hold a military parade on September 5. In August, because Dong Fuxiang led the troops to practice meritoriously, Emperor Guangxu specially rewarded Dong Fuxiang's department with 3,000 taels to boost morale. In September, "Prince Yixuan sent Qing to carefully proofread". After the completion of the drill of the Ganjun Mabugu Battalion, Yixuan was ordered to proofread: "The whole army of Dong Fuxiang's department, after Yiqiao's careful review, all battalions are strong and strong, and the team is also very neat. The commander is strict in governing the army, the coach is well-organized, and he is worthy of Jiashang, and he is rewarded with a white jade lingguan, a white jade finger, and a knife with a white jade handle, which is handed over to Dong Fuxiang to show his favor. He also rewarded the soldiers with 10,000 taels of silver, which was distributed by the household department, and issued 200 rolls of small rolls of robes and gowns, and Dong Fuxiang rewarded them to the officers of the battalion and sentinels. Dong Fuxiang became prominent for a while. In February of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), the Qing court gave Jiashang again. "Dong Fuxiang, the governor of Gansu, transferred the training team in, and made outstanding achievements in the former conquest and suppression of bandits, and wore a mink jacket (noble clothes) to show his excellence. "On 9 September, Gan Jun fought with the handsome foreigners of the railway project at Lugou Bridge. At that time, Dong Fuxiang's army was stationed in Nanyuan and injured foreign engineers, and the ministers of various countries sued the Qing court, demanding that Dong Fuxiang's army be dismissed and transferred out of Beijing. The Qing court ordered the prime minister, Hu Liao, to "quickly find out." After Hu Liao's efforts, he stayed in. Dong Fuxiang was once known for his proposal to "destroy foreigners". According to the "Qing Historical Manuscript: The Biography of Shen Jiaben": After Shen Jiaben transferred to Baoding from Tianjin, Dong Fuxiang and Ganjun destroyed the French church in Baoding, and Shen Jiaben was photographed in the external situation, compensated the legal person 50,000 gold, and "built a new church on the site of the Provincial Department", in contrast, it can be seen that Dong Fuxiang's attitude towards foreigners. No wonder there was a folk song in Beijing at that time: "Sesame paste, white sugar, the devil is afraid of Dong Fuxiang."
By 19 years, the Boxer Rebellion had expanded to Hebei and Shanxi, and was fighting with the Qing army. In May, several battalions of Dong Fuxiang's army were stationed on Xinma Road outside Tianjin, Xuan Feng was transferred to Beijing, and Nie Shicheng's troops were transferred back to Tianjin. On May 15 (June 11), the Japanese secretary Sugiyama Bin and Dong Fuxiang Yong Ding were angry and angry, and Dong Fuxiang comforted and persuaded him, but Sugiyama Bin still forced Dong Fuxiang to kill this Yong. Dong Fuxiang was furious and killed Sugiyama Bin outside the Yongding Gate. The next day, the Nala clan sent Dong Fuxiang to inquire about this matter, and Dong Yan said, "Gan Jun has nothing, and since there is such a thing, if you kill the slave to reward it;If you want to kill Gan Jun, there must be a change. After Dong Fuxiang retreated, he ordered his subordinates to pull out the camp and be stationed in Majiabao by Nanyuan. Later, Ronglu pulled out the arrow and ordered it to be engaged in military law, and Dong Fuxiang returned to Nanyuan. All these show Dong Fuxiang's strong attitude of opposing foreigners and invaders. On 14 May (10 June), British Admiral Seymour led more than 2,000 troops of the Eight-Nation Coalition from Tianjin to attack Beijing. From May 20 (June 16), the Nala clan convened ministers for four consecutive days of imperial councils. The Westernists wanted to suppress the Boxers with all their might, and the conservative faction wanted to appease and use the Boxers. At the same time, the Qing court co-organized the university scholar Gangyi and the criminal department Shangshu Zhao Shuqiao and others returned to Beijing from Baoding to show how loyal and brave the Boxers wereIn addition, the British envoy said: "If you can't eradicate the bandits, how can you be a country?"However, if the queen mother returns to power and the emperor is restored, everything should be discussed. Nala was furious when he heard this, so he ordered Dong Fuxiang and others to unite with the Boxers to stop and kill the foreigners. After the imperial meeting on 20 May, an edict instructed Gangyi and Dong Fuxiang to "personally enlighten and order the disbandment, and those who are young and strong will be recruited into an army and strictly restrained." "After Dong Fuxiang's army entered the altar from Nanyuan, he and Gangyi were ordered to recruit the strong men of the Boxers into an army and besiege foreign embassies.
On 18 May (14 June), when Seymour led more than 2,000 troops from Britain, Germany, Russia, France, the United States, Japan, Italy, Austria and other countries from Tianjin to attack Beijing, Dong Fuxiang ordered generals Ma Fulu, Yao Wang, and Ma Haiyan to lead their troops to Huangcun (now Daxing County, Hebei Province) to resist the foreign invading army to the death. "When they arrived at Langfang, the two armies were connected, and the cavalry was ordered to set up seven over, and the infantry spread their wings, and when the enemy approached, they fired their guns, and those who fell were like a wall. The enemy's bullets fell like rain, the cavalry scattered and wounded, the two wings were outflanked left and right, the short soldiers were connected, the enemy was not supported, and it was the first fierce battle of the battle of Gengzi. On the 18th, when the Eight-Nation Coalition began to retreat from Langfang to Tianjin, about 2,000 patriotic officers and soldiers under Dong Fuxiang attacked Langfang on a large scale, fighting fiercely for more than two hours, and defeated the Seymour Coalition Army in Langfang. Seymour led the coalition forces to Yangcun and fled back to Tianjin on the 26th. The Battle of Langfang was a "famous battle" fought by the Chinese people against the eight-nation coalition army, which dealt a head-on blow to the invaders and made great achievements in defending the motherland.
On the 25th (June 21), the Nala clan issued an edict, the so-called declaration of war against the invaders, and at the same time ordered the distribution of 20,000 stone of japonica rice and 100,000 taels of silver to the Boxers in Gyeonggi. "Rong Lu holds himself as the governor. "At first, the Boxers fought with the foreigners, and Rong Lu advocated suppressing the Boxers first. When Dong Fuxiang led his troops to engage Seymour, Rong Lu changed his original intention, figured out the psychology of the Nala clan, and even ordered Dong Fuxiang's Gan army and Wuwei's Chinese army to attack Dongjiaomin Lane (where the legations of various countries are located) on June 20. At the beginning, although Rong Lu ordered the attack on foreign embassies, he instructed Dong Fuxiang to shoot into the sky, and the gunshots could be heard. And the intention of the Ronglu God to lead the Nala clan, the attitude of the Nala clan changed, and he followed. He "did not give Dong Jun artillery mines......Except for Dong Fuxiang, the generals must not attack the ...... of Dongjiaomin LaneFear of injury and reconciliation". And secretly fed corn melons and fruits to the embassy, tried his best to protect the embassy, and left room for maneuver for future peace negotiations. As a result, the embassy was unable to capture it for a while. And the palace repeatedly urged, and blamed Dong Fuxiang for the poor siege. Dong Fuxiang borrowed the cannon from Ronglu because of the urgency, but Ronglu not only did not borrow it, but ridiculed Fuxiang: "The cannon is fixed, and I can't get it if I don't keep it." Dong Fuxiang was extremely angry, so he entered the palace to play Cixi, but was insulted by Cixi. Dong Fuxiang "attacked the moon for the rest of the year", and lost his troops and generals. In fact, there were only a few hundred guards in the embassy, but they hid in the ditch, and only set up a garrison at the east and west alleys of Minxiang to hold on to the Qing army. The Qing army was shot and killed every time they reached the boundary. When Dong Fuxiang attacked the embassy for more than ten days and could not go down, the imperial court issued an edict to summon the Wuwei Army to enter Beijing to assist, after Tianjin General Zhang Huaizhi led the artillery team into Beijing, when the artillery position was ready and the shells were loaded, Zhang Huaizhi suddenly moved, ordered not to fire the cannon for the time being, and he hurriedly went to the Ronglu Mansion to ask for instructions: "The city wall is only a stone's throw away from the embassy. Don't worry about attacking it, don't negotiate after worrying about it, Huaizhi will be the culprit!Please send an edict to Zhongtang quickly, so that Huaizhi can act accordingly." Zhang Huaizhi begged each other several times, but Rong Lu had no choice but to say: "As soon as the sound of horizontal and vertical cannons comes out, you can always hear it inside." Soon, Dong Fuxiang's army was stationed in the area of Zhengyangmen and Dong'anmen to protect the inner court, and Ronglu strictly refused to clash with foreigners. Dong Fuxiang still took the destruction of foreign countries as his own responsibility, and Rong Lu repeatedly refrained, but he still did not obey orders.
On the night of July 21, the 26th year of Guangxu (August 14, 1900), Japanese soldiers entered from Guangqu Gate. On the 15th, British and American troops arrived at Yong'anmen, and Russian troops attacked Qihuamen. Dong Fuxiang supervised the Gan army defending the city and launched a fierce battle with the enemy, and the soldiers suffered heavy casualties, and finally retreated into the city due to the failure of resistance, and withdrew from the Changyi Gate, and the invading army entered the city. Under the special circumstances at that time, Dong Fuxiang did not flee in the face of the menacing foreigners, and personally supervised the soldiers to kill the enemy. The generals Ma Fulu and others were killed in the battle under the guns of the invaders. "The Military Aircraft Department sent an edict to Dong Fuxiang, the governor of Gansu", is enough to explain. In the face of the Eight-Nation Alliance's arrival in the capital, the special historical environment has prompted the Qing court to temporarily use Dong Fuxiang as a military force to rely on. "Dong Fuxiang has led the team out of the city to meet the enemy yesterday, and now no matter where he arrives, he will leave a few battalions of the team he leads, and send a powerful general to block the defense, and still quickly lead the team back to the city, protect the city, and delay the ...... for a whileOn August 15, the two palaces traveled westward, and Dong Fuxiang "served as a minister with Hu", traveled from the capital day and night, and caught up with the Nala clan on the 29th. "From the west of the Shahe River, the road is followed, and the strength of the Gan army is deep." Dong Fuxiang "walked in front with half of the team, and still walked in the back with half of the team." "During the period when the two palaces were in Xi'an, their security guards were still managed by Dong Fuxiang and five people on duty in turn. However, at this point, Dong Fuxiang has basically ended his career as a horseman.
Negotiated and agreed. The Eight-Nation Coalition accused Dong Fuxiang of being the leader of the army and must be killed. "Fu Cha is resolute, Dong Fuxiang, and the monarchs and ministers of all countries are called strict. Dong Fuxiang was not convinced and protested: "My martial arts, I just know that I am following orders, what is the crime?"The reason why outsiders resolutely wanted to kill Dong Fuxiang was because Dong Fuxiang killed the secretary of the Japanese legation, Sugiyama Bin, besieged foreign embassies, and resisted the Eight-Nation Allied Forces in the Langfang area, so he was regarded as the "chief culprit" by the imperialists. Li Hongzhang had full authority to say that Dong Shang held heavy troops, and he was radical and changed. "The soldiers in the west of the country have been sent for a long time, and they are worried about the radical change, so they should slow down." "Dong has a hard time holding the handle of the army. And the persistence of the countries is long, and it is difficult to turn around." Later, the Qing court officially decreed: "Dong Fuxiang, the governor of Gansu, used to handle the return affairs in this province, and he had experienced military exploits. He should have been severely punished, but he remembered that the place in Gansu was critical, and the governor was still in a suitable position, and he was relieved of his post with leniency. The armies under his command are now dismantling 5,500 men, and they are still leading several battalions of the pro-army to gallop back to Gansu." Dong Fuxiang was still unconvinced, and the Qing court had no choice but to send an edict to him, "The situation is here, and I have to compromise in the deep palace. Dong Fuxiang gave in.
On December 25, 1901, the 26th year of Guangxu (February 13, 1901), he was dismissed by the Qing court. According to the record of "Late Qing Court Life": Dong Fuxiang lived in the Qiluo Mansion of Alxa in Inner Mongolia for a period of time after taking office. After the Qing Dynasty negotiated peace with the Eight-Nation Alliance, Duanwang Zaiyi was sent to Xinjiang and also lived in the residence of King Luo. The eldest brother (Duanwang's son) saw that King Luo's daughter was beautiful, so he told his father Zaiyi, who had asked Dong Fuxiang to propose marriage to King Luo and his wife. Before the "Two Palaces" entered Beijing, Rong Lu took over the power in Xi'an. Dong Fuxiang once sent a letter to condemn: "Insulting the subordinates, serving as the commander of the public, ordering the attack on the embassy, Xiang is still suspicious of killing the envoys." As the public said, only the best of luck and misfortune are the same, Xiangben Wufu, and the public is on top, so he dares to run. Now the prince is in power and Xiang is guilty, and Xiang is not compassionate to death, such as the sergeant is indignant!The "Nala clan" betrayed Gan Jun and also betrayed Dong Fuxiang.
After Dong Fuxiang returned to Guyuan, he was stationed in Sujiabao. Because the old department led by him had nothing to install, he applied for the permission of the imperial court, and settled in Jinjibao in the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), and ordered the soldiers to settle in Majiatan. In the summer of the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), the Gaolan Yellow Water was a disaster, and Dong Fuxiang gave 10,000 gold to help. Wang Xueyi's "Dong Shaobao's Epitaph" recounts: Dong once said to his family before his death: I heard that the son of Sun and Sun is virtuous and has more wealth to damage his wisdom, and foolish and more wealth will benefit his fault. The suicide note "raised 400,000 taels to help the peasants", of which 200,000 taels were "returned to the peasants to start an industry". On the ninth day of the first month of the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), he died of illness in the Jinjibao Mansion at the age of 70. In August, he was buried in Guyuan Nanxiang Shilidun Guanshan. "Gan Ning Qing Shi Lu Zheng Zheng Zheng Ji Volume 24" contains: Dong Fuxiang has been training in the regiment and held important military positions in the later period, and has always been a pensioner. If it rained on a rainy night, he personally went to the camps to check on them, and if his subordinates were sick, he personally visited them. It's a pity that as a martial artist, he only knows how to act according to the king's orders. Therefore, when Dong Fuxiang returned to his hometown, Emperor Guangxu rewarded his loyalty and bravery. and comforted Fuxiang: "He listens to the drum every day and thinks about the general, who belongs to Sher?"”