Dong Fuxiang, a general in the late Qing Dynasty in the 19th century, is a relatively complex and tragic modern historical figure. He was transformed from a peasant revolt leader and promoted to the rank of military commander of the Qing court.
Dong Fuxiang's life can be roughly divided into five periods.
(1) Guyuan home, seeking to learn martial arts - 1839 to 1862 (before the age of twenty-three);
2) Advocating group training to resist the Qing army - 1862-1868 (before the age of 29);
3) Surrender to Zuo Zongtang, and the subordinate followed Liu Jintang (with Liu Songshan in the early stage) to capture Jinji, Hezhou, Xining and other places.
Righteous stronghold, with all its efforts to suppress the Muslim uprising - 1869-1874 (before the age of thirty-five);
4) Overcoming obstacles, following Zuo Zongtang to recover the territory occupied by Agubai, thwarting the conspiracy of Tsarist Russia to move south, and garrisoning Xinjiang
1875 to 1875 (before the age of 55);
5) Led the Gan army to garrison Gyeonggi, commanded the rear army of the armed guard, resisted the Eight-Nation Alliance, and besieged foreign embassies 1-14 AD.
Until 19 years (before the age of 62. During this period, he once went to Hezhou and Xining to suppress the Hui uprising again).
Started solidly
Dong Fuxiang, the fifth word star, is a native of Guyuan (Ningxia Guyuan). He was born in 1839 and died in 1908. Because of the title of crown prince, people also called him "Dong Gongbao". Ningxia Jinji, Guyuan, and Xi'an have all built mansions. Dong Fuxiang was born in a peasant family, "Shanyang, the dynasty of the world". According to local folklore, since Dong Fuxiang became famous, the imperial court changed "Dynasty Mountain" to "Chaowang Mountain" in order to avoid the name of "Dynasty Mountain". According to the records of "Guyuan County Chronicles, Volume 9", his great-grandfather Dong Wansui, grandfather Dong Huanzhang, and father Dong Shiyou;Great-grandmother Shi, grandmother Gao, mother Wang. Dong Fuxiang has three brothers, and he is the second. His wife, Zhang, "has a quiet temperament" and "is known in the township for her pure filial piety";The waiter Zhao, "is sensitive and wise, especially strict, controls internal governance, and is harmonious up and down." "The heir Dong Tianchun is born in a yin;daughter-in-law Zhang, born grandson Dong Gong. Dong Gong in the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), "discussed the candidate and added the second rank". * In the first year, he commanded the Wuwei Army to garrison Guyuan, ** for 19 years, he served as the commander of the 2nd Brigade of Longdong Guerrilla, and died of illness in the summer of 20 years.
Dong Fuxiang's family was in a state of decline when he was young, and he took agriculture as his business. "Reading is not finished", his ambition is dignified. When he was a child, he played games with his accomplices, and often led the team to fight with spears and halberds. After **, he is burly and strong, excellent and uninhibited, and likes to talk about the art of war, and has great ambitions. At the same time, due to years of fighting, the countryside is barren, and the people are in dire straits;In addition, the peasant uprising in Shaanxi and Gansu has become an unstoppable torrent. Dong Fuxiang, who lives in the northwest mountainous area, "The man's ambition is in all directions, and Anneng is lush and cultivated."So in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he raised the banner of righteousness and set up a regimental exercise.
Raise troops to resist the Qing Dynasty
Since the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the government has become increasingly corrupt, and peasant uprisings have spread throughout the country. On the one hand, since the first year of Tongye (1862), the anti-Qing struggles of the Hui people in Shaanxi and Gansu have started at the same time. In the spring of this year, the Chen Decai Department of the Taiping Army and the Lan Dashun Department of the Sichuan Peasant Army (Shi Dakai Division) entered Hanzhong and Guanzhong in Shaanxi respectively from Sichuan. For a time, Tianzhong in Shaanxi became the base of the peasant rebel army. When the Shaanxi Hui army suffered heavy losses, the rest retreated into Gansu. Under the influence and impetus of the Shaanxi Hui uprising, the Hui and Salar people in Lingzhou, Hezhou, Xining, Suzhou, Pingliang and other places in Gansu also rose up, and the centers of struggle gradually developed into Jinjibao (headed by Ma Hualong), Hezhou (headed by Ma Zhanao), and Xining (Ma Ga).
3. Ma Guiyuan) and Suzhou (headed by Ma Wenlu) became an integral part of the torrent of national uprisings. In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), the Western Twist Army was led by Zhang Zongyu into Shaanxi, traveled back and forth on both sides of the Wei River, and defeated the Qing army several times. At that time, the Shaanxi Hui rebel army assembled in the Qingyang area entered Shaanxi one after another to cooperate with the twist army to fight against the Qing army. During this period, whether it was the Twist Army that retreated into Shaanxi, or the Shaanxi and Gansu Hui rebel army that rose up one after another, the Qing ** had successively sent civil and military officers to encircle and suppress: after the death of the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, Duolong'a, Du Xing'a supervised the military affairs of Shaanxi and Gansu;Later, Liu Rong took over as governor of Shaanxi;Then, Yang Yuebin supervised the military affairs of Shaanxi. But they couldn't do anything, so the imperial court transferred Zuo Zongtang, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, to the Shaanxi-Gansu Governor's Army.
On the other hand. The northwest frontier is vast and sparsely populated, and has always been poor, and the Ganlong area has been ravaged by war, the land is barren, and the people have been displacedMoreover, the hungry people cannibalize each other. This kind of tragic situation caused by the war, even Zuo Zongtang, who led his troops into Gan to encircle and suppress the Hui people's army, has to admit: "Since the chaos, most of the Han Hui have died, and there are few livestock. There is a lack of strong men in farming, and there are few cattle and horses in farming." Moreover, "Shaanxi and Gansu used a lot of soldiers, which lasted for a long time, and after the chaos, the barrenness was very great, and it was not easy to buy grain." Whenever the armies were in a place where they were a little denser and a little more planted, they set up camps. At the beginning, it was said to protect the crops and give money for food. Then they donate to the people, do not give value, and even plunder everything, and the people do not dare to fight, so that they migrate and become bandits." Here, although Zuo Zongtang claimed that the peasant uprising was "a change into a bandit", he could not fundamentally deny the corruption of the Qing Dynasty and the social reality that the people rose up to resist.
In such a historical background, in the words of Zuo Zongtang in his report to the imperial court, "there are homeless and bandits";There are "those who have no accusation and become bandits". Since after the Hui uprising, there was no grain to be levied among the Hui people, so the government issued strict grain and wages to the Han people, resulting in "displaced Han peasants, led by Dong Fuxiang and Hu Zhang, also gathered into a large share, and the stragglers of the Qing army were defeated and carried out everywhere in the mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi." "In the face of the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui uprising at that time, the Qing army could not quell it for a while;The gentry in various places also used training groups to protect themselves. Dong Fuxiang first came to Weixiangli with group training, and later gathered people to raise trouble because he was dissatisfied with the government. According to the "Guyuan County Chronicle", in the early years of Tongzhi, Dong Fuxiang gathered in Anhua (now Qingyang, Gansu). At first, Dong Fuxiang contacted several brothers, "collecting fugitives, armed thieves, fighting fiercely during the day, and smashing camps at night." There is an anecdote of Dong Fuxiang in "Gan Ning Qing Historical Brief Edition, Volume 26": Fuxiang's family was well-off, but he fell back into chaos, so he gathered people to build his own trees, the soldiers were short of food, and looting was also from time to time. The Huanxian militia is happy and cool, and the group is the leader. Later, Anhua County captured the chief Wang Aichen, guarded the poison, poured it with boiling water, eroded from the top of the heel, and abandoned the wilderness. And Fuxiang dreamed of being able to sympathize with the poor and cheap, and there was no shortage of virtuous people. An old woman is fed every day, and the wound is covered with pond mud. One day, he asked the old woman: "Is my grandmother blind?"She said, "Not blind." said: "If you are not blind, you will not die, and there is still something to do." "The mud in the pond was instinctively cured for burns, and it started in a few days. Fellow villagers Zhang Jun and Li Shuangliang helped each other, and righteous people from all walks of life came to join one after another. However, due to the remoteness of the mountain city and the famine for many years, the food problem could not be solved, so he temporarily surrendered to Gao Er, the leader of the Qingyang militia at that time. Soon, the sophomore was killed, and Dong Fuxiang was promoted to the head of the Youth League, with Zhang Jun and Li Shuangliang as deputies. Since then, Dong Fuxiang has led "dozens of heroes and thousands of gangsters, galloping around the ring, Qing, Ping, and Gujian". Making full use of the geographical conditions of vast terrain and vertical and horizontal mountains, with Huamachi (now Yanchi, Ningxia) as the base, the voice attacked the east and the west, resisted the Qing army, and traveled to and from more than ten prefectures and counties in Shaanxi and Gansu, causing the Qing army to be "unable to defend against it".
February of the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866). Dong Fuxiang, Gao Wanyi and other Juanhua Zaozibian, Wangjiaao, Fanjiaao, and Heihushan area. In December, they attacked Baoan (now Huachi, Gansu), Donghuachi at the junction of Heshui, and Linzhen Temple. According to the first month of 1867, "Ganhui returned tens of thousands, colluded with bandits to defeat the bravery, and fled from Pizhou to Juzhou." At this time, Dong Fuxiang was with the Hui Army.
Second, Mu Si and others united to attack Shuangmiaozi, Lijiaao and other places from Anhua. In the summer of this year, Dong Fuxiang contacted Zhang Fuman, Hu Zhengxi and others to "capture Ansai and Ganquan counties." "In winter and October, Dong Fuxiang is located in Huamachi. At this time, the ranks of the uprising continued to grow, and all parts of the country showed solidarity with each other. "Ping Hui Zhi, Volume 4" contains, "The defeated pawns, the brave soldiers, and the elder bandits are all over the place, and they collude with each other. And those who escaped from Shaanxi to Qingyang, Ningzhou, Zhining, Zhenyuan, and Qingshui rushed to it. (15) It means that the Shaanxi Hui, Ganhui, the Twist Army, and the bandits have united and gathered in one place. By 1868, "the Qingyang realm was known to be a thief." It proves that the Qingyang boundary at this time has been occupied by the rebels. At the same time, Ma Hualong was training in the area of Jinjibao, building machinery and storing grain, and also liaising with Dong Fuxiang, who was stationed in Huamachi, to jointly contain and attack the Qing army.
In February 1867, when the former senior officials who supervised the military affairs of Shaanxi and Gansu were helpless in the face of the vigorous peasant uprising in the northwest, they had no choice but to "seek a substitute for their illness" or "beg for support." Qing ** urgently transferred Zuo Zongtang to the Shaanxi-Gansu Supervision Army. Zuo Zongtang was resourceful, and he believed that there were three objects to be encircled and suppressed when entering Shaanxi and Gansu: first, the Western Twist Army;the second is the Hui People's Army;The third is the Tukou. The Tukou are Dong Fuxiang and his more than 100,000 people in northern Shaanxi. Zuo Zongtang first entered Shaanxi and Gansu, and believed that "the twist should be urgent, and the suppression should be slow". In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), after the Western Twist Army was suppressed in Shandong, the situation in Gansu was: Dong Fuxiang's hundreds of thousands of people were located in the northeast, with Zhenjingbao in Jingbian County as the base camp;Dong Zhiyuan in the southeast was occupied by the 18th battalion headed by Bai Yanhu;The north side is centered on Jinji Fort, which controls the land of Ning and Ling;The Hui armies in Hezhou and Didao (Lintao) in the west also often contacted the Quartet and attacked the government. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang changed the strategy and tactics when he first entered Shaanxi, starting from "the northeast and pacifying the bandits first". That is to say, first start from Dong Fuxiang's department, first eat Dong Fuxiang's department entrenched in the northeast, and then clear the obstacles for the suppression of Pingning and Linghui people's army, and open the gap for attack.
In October of the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Dong Fuxiang, Li Shuangliang, Gao Wanquan and others attacked Yan'an, Suide, Yulin and other places. At that time, Dong Fuxiang and others were stationed in Tianlu Pass, Qingfeng Temple, Wulong Mountain and other places. At that time, the Hui and Han rebel armies besieging Suide were about 100,000 people, preparing to take advantage of the situation to break through Suide in order to expand eastward. (17) At this time, Dong Fuxiang's department already occupied a certain advantage in terms of numbers. "Qing Historical Manuscript: The Biography of Dong Fuxiang" contains: "Defeated bravely, the hungry people attached to it, and there were more than 100,000 people. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang's encirclement and suppression of Dong Fuxiang was naturally very cautious. In Yulin, the Jin Shun army was stationed, Suide was stationed in Zhizhou Chengding Kang army, Yan'an was stationed in Liu Houji's army, and Yanchang was stationed in Guo Yunchang's army. Zuo Zongtang, who could be cautious in the war, transferred Zhang Yao's army to cross the river to Yulin, and Liu Songshan, the commander-in-chief of the North Route Army, entered Suide from Shanxi to help suppress. At the same time, Dong Fuxiang and the Gansu Hui Army jointly attacked Suide, and Li Shuangliang and others attacked Qingjian and Yan'an, but were repelled by the Qing army. In November, Dong Fuxiang and others attacked Suide City, and the Suide Defense Army Chengding Kangmi led his troops to ambush in Xuejiazhai. Dong Fuxiang was ambushed and retreated, but his spirit was not dampened. "Dong Fuxiang covers the north to the edge of the elm forest. And from Suide to Jingbian, the spirit of Kou is very prosperous." (19) In December, Liu Songshan's troops crossed the river from Yongning (now Lishi County) in Shanxi Province to Suide, and discussed with Cheng Dingkang, the Suide Defense Army: "Dong Fuxiang is located on the Jingbian to suppress the cave, while the party wantonly disturbs Yulin and the border and beyond. If the officers and troops sweep forward from the northwest of Suide to Huaiyuan, the border will be rescued, and the river defense can be relieved." Liu Songshan adopted the method of concentrating on encircling and annihilating Dong Fuxiang, and sent Yi Delin, Zhang Hecai, and Cheng Dingkang's troops to attack Dali Chuan, and led all the armies to Xiaoli River. Liu Songshan from Suide to the west, north around the fork ditch, from north to south;The Chengding Kang army from the west of Suidezhou seventy miles of Dali River, from the south to the north, the division attacked, and approached the periphery of Dong Fuxiang's base camp - a long waist town. The northwest of the waist town is Heiniuchuan and Qiujiaping. Longwaist Town, Heiniuchuan, Qiujiaping three fortresses Dingzhi, for the Zhenjing Fort gateway. It can be seen that the layout of Dong Fuxiang's fortifications is very strong. If this barrier was lost, its base town was exposed to the swords and guns of the Qing army. As a result, Dong Fuxiang lost more than 100 fortresses in one day, was beheaded 6,000 levels, captured more than 3,000 alive, and disbanded about 20,000 people, and the rest were temporarily sheltered in the ancient town of Jingbao (Zhenjing Fort is eighty miles northeast of Jingbian County, Shaanxi, the city is on the mountainside, and the Qing Dynasty has a capital division to garrison). "Zhenjing Fort is extremely strong, Dong Fuxiang is a nest, and his dependents are based on Jingbian County." (23) At that time, Dong Fuxiang went east from Fugu (now Fugu, Shaanxi) to Jiazhou (now Jiaxian County, Shaanxi). On December 18, Liu Songshan led the whole army to encircle and suppress Zhenjing Fort. "Dong Fuxiang's father was frightened and led the crowd to return to sincerity."
Subsequently, Dong Fuxiang's father complained to Liu Songshan: "All the disciples are intercepted and suppressed, and those who are afraid of punishment will either flee to Yulin and Mizhi, or to Yanchang. Dong Fuxiang had three or four thousand people with him, and he didn't know where he was going, so he had gone to recall them and begged for a few days." Liu Songshan temporarily garrisoned the town of Jingbao. At that time, Li Shuangliang walked Luozhu;The Hui army on the West Sichuan Road had broken into Gaojiawan in Dingbian, and the two places were more than 100 miles away from Zhenjing Fort, but they were both blocked by Liu Songshan. The rebels were losing one after another. Soon, fellow villager Zhang Junli persuaded Dong Fuxiang: "My generation of training troupes was forced by thieves, suffered from a drought, and fell here to kill thieves. The Father's Calling;Liu Songshan's persuasion;With the persuasion of Zhang Jun, a fellow villager and upriser, Dong Fuxiang was no longer able to support it, and finally surrendered to the crumbling Qing Dynasty. "More than 100,000 have returned." In the past few years, Dong Fuxiang has not only directly contained and attacked the Qing army, but also effectively cooperated with the anti-Qing struggle of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Hui uprising. After he surrendered to Zuo Zongtang, a vigorous peasant uprising of more than 100,000 people was divided and disappeared. This not only caused the Hui rebels to lose their allies and weakened the entire anti-Qing force, but also turned their guns against the allies with whom he had fought. As a result, its nature has changed radically, and it directly threatens other Hui rebels in the surrounding area.
Fight back.
After Dong Fuxiang surrendered to Zuo Zongtang, the elite of his department was organized into three battalions by Liu Songshan (all according to the Hunan army), with Dong Fuxiang, Zhang Jun, and Li Shuangliang each leading a battalion. Dong Fuxiang is in the middle camp, Zhang Jun is the right camp, and Li Shuangliang is the left camp. No. "Dong Zi Three Battalions". Dong Fuxiang was awarded five military merits. Since then, Dong Fuxiang has embarked on a road full of criminal history. In May of the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), Zuo Zongtang stayed in Jingzhou. He believes that "it is not enough to attack the Jinji Fort". The troops were divided into three routes and launched an all-out offensive. The Northern Route Army marched from the northwest of Shaanxi;The south road marched from the direction of Baoji and Qingshui;The middle road goes north from Jingzhou. The commander of the Northern Route Army was Zuo Zongtang's confidant Xiao general, Liu Songshan, the commander of the Hunan Army, and Dong Fuxiang was subordinate to his subordinates. "During the Tongzhi period, the anti-Qing struggle of the Hui people in Gansu, although the sects were different and each had its own side, it was always centered on Ma Hualong, the leader of the Zhehe Renye sect. "The reason why Zuo Zongtang first captured Ningxia Jinji Fort is related to this. "The Strategy for Pacifying Shaanxi and Gansu's New Return to Bandits" said: "Hui people everywhere watched Ning Jun's behavior and thought it was obedient. "Pingding Guanlong Jiluo" also has the same record: "Guanlong Zhuhui, the rate regards the gold accumulation as the back." At that time, Ma Hualong sat in Jinjibao, liaising with and supporting the anti-Qing struggle of the Hui people in various places, so that the ranks of the Hui people in Gansu continued to grow. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang sent Liu Songshan to supervise the north road of the army, obviously in order to capture Dingbian and Huamachi, but in fact, he tried to capture Jinji Fort. And Liu Songshan marched to Lingzhou, Dong Fuxiang was both a guide and a pioneer.
From 1862 onwards, Ma Hualong built machinery and stored grain, and trained in the vicinity of Jinjibao, until 1869, the distance between them and the distance between them and 1869.
In the past seven or eight years, Ma Hualong has laid the foundation in all aspects such as fortification (fort) construction, grain reserves, and soldier training. "From Wuzhong Fort to Lingzhou in the east, there are more than 450 forts;West from Hongle Laomajiazhai to Zhangenbao at the mouth of the gorge, there are more than 120 forts. This is the outer perimeter of the Golden Fort. The wall of Jinji Fort itself is four zhang high, three zhang thick, more than nine miles around, the walls are vertical and horizontal everywhere, and the canal water is rear. It is no wonder that Zuo Zongtang sat in Pingliang from Jingzhou to supervise the battle, Liu Songshan mobilized a large army to encircle and suppress it, and Jinjibao failed to attack the twilight, and it took a year and a half (June 1869 to November 187).
In the eight, ninth and tenth months of the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), Dong Fuxiang followed Liu Songshan to attack the fortress of the Hui army in Lingzhou (now Lingwu) and forced Jinji Fort. During this period, he was wounded to the stronghold of the Hui People's Army. On the third day of November, Jin Yunchang, Guo Baochang, and Lei Zhengwan of Liu Songshan's department attacked the northeast of Jinjibao. The next day, the Hui army in the eastern and western forts built a long wall along the wave lake and continued to defend. On the ninth day of the first month, Liu Songshan's overseer army approached Wave Lake, and the Hui army "resisted by the wall", making it impossible for the Qing army to approach. Liu Songshan sent Dong Fuxiang to lead the infantry to the east to go around the long wall "Kazi" behind the sneak attack, the Hui army was in chaos for a while, abandoned the long wall and left, the long wall of Wave Lake was broken by the Qing army, Dong Fuxiang supervised the team to take advantage of the situation to attack, and then broke through the worship temple next to the fortress. In this battle of Wave Lake, "the military merit Dong Fuxiang was shot in the right elbow". He has already been punished by the Hui Army.
In the first month of the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Liu Songshan went to Zhaofu while urgently besieging Jinjibao Ma Wuzhai, trying to suppress and appease both. Dong Fuxiang strongly persuaded him, but Liu Songshan did not listen, and as a result, he was hit in the left breast and died. In "Gan Ning Qing Shi Luo, Volume 22", it is said that Liu Songshan told Dong Fuxiang before he died: "If you regret not listening to your words, you will be the most important thief." I am dead, the children of Sanxiang follow me deep into the hairless, Yuzi Jintang still has experience in the military, but it can be supplemented, otherwise it can be done by itself. Fuxiang wept and cried: "Don't dare to have two hearts", after Liu Songshan's death, "Fuxiang is not alone, inspires the soldiers, and vows to break the thief". In February, the Jinjibao Hui Army prepared to break the Banqiao embankment to irrigate the Qing army. Liu Jintang (Liu Songshan's brother, who commanded the Hunan army at the time) ordered Dong Fuxiang to take the Hui army to Banqiao Embankment and attack. Dong Fuxiang tunjun Banqiao, when the Hui army came to fight for the Banqiao embankment, he and Xiao Zhangkai took advantage of the situation to attack. The Hui army was again brutally killed. After that, Dong Fuxiang continued to encircle and suppress the Hui People's Army strongholds Hejiazhai and Caijiaqiao.
In November, the Qing army's encirclement and suppression of the Hui uprising at Jinjibao ended. Although the Jinjibao Hui uprising was brutally suppressed, the Qing army also lost its troops, which shocked the government and the public. "Within a year, the general was mourned, the people's hearts were shocked, and rumors were rampant. This shows the courage and tenacity of the Hui rebel army and the heavy blow to the Qing army"The lake is red." The brutal scene of the Hui rebels being killed can also be seen. And Dong Fuxiang was meritorious in suppressing the Hui uprising, and "super-awarded the capital division" (Qing system, the capital division is a military attache of the fourth grade, and the position is second to that of guerrillas). After the Jinjibao Hui uprising was suppressed, the armies of Hunan and Anhui successively marched to Hezhou. Zuo Zongtang ordered "Dong Zi three battalions to stay in the department to take pictures of the town." "Dong Fuxiang is stationed in Jinjibao Hongle Mansion;Zhang Jun stationed in Wuzhongbao;Li Shuangliang was stationed in Wang Hongbao. In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), "the old Hunan army and the three battalions of Dong Zi attacked Majiatan Kezhi" Majiatan was in the west of Jinjibao, forty miles away from the city. After Dong Fuxiang tun the army Majiatan, it was reclaimed. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu, Dong Fuxiang traveled back to Guyuan, please lead the old department of Tuntian, and Majiatan is also here. ”
The area of Xining, Hezhou, is the hometown of the Han and Tang Rivers, which is the ancient battlefield of the past dynasties. In June of the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), after Zuo Zongtang's deployment of troops to Hezhou and Xining was ready, the troops set off in three ways. Zuo Zongtang entered Jingning from Pingliang, and continued to enter Anding (now Dingxi). In November, Dong Fuxiang's troops stationed at Jinjibao, Zhang Fuqi and Xu Wanfu of the Qingyang Tun Army were transferred to Hezhou to contain the area east of Taoshui. In June of the 11th year of Tongzhi (1872), Dong Fuxiang "went from Liu Jintang to Nian Bo and Towards the mouth of the gorge, and fought with Shaanxi Hui Yu Deyan and Que to break it". Nian Bo is seven miles northeast of Xining;The mouth of the gorge is divided into a large gorge and a small gorge, which are more than 80 miles apart. The water flows, the two mountains confront each other, the peak is towering, the middle passes a path, the terrain is very steep, it is easy to defend and difficult to attack the place. The Hui army gathered in the middle of the danger in this way. Dong Fuxiang followed Liu Jintang from the mouth of the gorge step by step and marched through the pass. In October, taking advantage of the situation, he seized Gaozhai and attacked the Hui army stationed at the mouth of the small gorge. There were more than 10,000 Hui people's troops in the mouth of the small gorge to reinforce and attack each other vigorously, fighting from early morning to dusk, and finally retreating. Zuo Zongtang said in his "Letter to the Family": "From August to October for more than 60 days, there were more than 50 bloody battles, all of which were victorious." The Hui army suffered one defeat after another, with heavy casualties. From December of the 7th year of Tongzhi to the 13th year of Tongzhi (December 1868 to 1874), Dong Fuxiang followed Zuo Zongtang, subordinate to Liu Songshan and Liu Jintang, brutally suppressed the Hui uprisings in Jinjibao, Hezhou, Xining and other places, won the appreciation of the Qing court, and thus rose to prominence, which shows his role in suppressing the Hui uprising.