Edible mushrooms, this seemingly inconspicuous agricultural product, actually contain huge economic value. With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of consumption concepts, the market demand for edible fungi is expanding day by day, and the cultivation of edible fungi has become a very promising industry. In particular, the edible mushrooms cultivated in facilities have less input, shorter cycle and simple management, which is very suitable for husband and wife to operate.
First, the development potential of edible fungus cultivation industry
China's artificial cultivation of edible fungi started late, with a history of more than 20 years, but it has developed rapidly. Data show that in 2020, China's edible fungus output has reached 4.57 million tons, ranking first in the world. By 2025, it is expected that the total output value of edible fungi in China will reach 160 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 14%.
Such a high-speed development momentum proves from the side that there is still a huge potential for development in the edible fungus planting industry. It is embodied in the following aspects:
1.The market space is vast.
With the increase of residents' income level, consumers' acceptance of edible fungi is increasing rapidly. Edible mushrooms are rich in nutrition and delicious in taste, and are favored by consumers. Data show that in 2020, the annual consumption of edible fungi per person in China has reached 077 kg. Compared with the per capita consumption of 2 kg in developed countries, China's market space is still very broad. In the future, with the update of concepts, this data will continue to grow, and the market prospect is very impressive.
2.Technology is constantly advancing.
The cultivation technology of edible fungus facilities is constantly updated and improved, and new varieties and new processes are emerging one after another. This has created favorable conditions for the large-scale, standardized and factory production of edible fungi.
The precise environmental control system can effectively adjust the temperature, humidity and other parameters to ensure the best state of edible fungus growth. The automated production line realizes the whole process of quality control at the source, which greatly improves the efficiency. The application of these technologies provides a solid foundation for the upgrading of the edible fungus industry.
3.Support policies have been strengthened.
In recent years, the state and local governments have introduced a series of policies and measures to actively support and support the edible fungus industry. For example, reduce the production and operating costs of edible fungi, carry out technical training, and form industrial alliances. These measures have provided policy dividends for edible mushroom growers.
It is foreseeable that in the future, we will give support from more levels to promote the standardized, standardized and large-scale development of the edible fungus industry. This will undoubtedly promote more social capital to enter the field of edible fungi and drive the rapid growth of the industry.
2. Profit analysis of edible fungus cultivation
Edible mushrooms are short-cycle cash crops, and the cultivation cycle of each batch only takes 2-3 months. Under suitable cultivation conditions, considerable gains can be obtained with very little input. The following is a case study of the specific benefits of edible mushroom cultivation:
A large planter used his idle warehouse to establish an edible fungus production workshop with an area of 500 square meters. He purchased advanced environmental control devices, automated cultivation systems and other equipment, with a total investment of 350,000 yuan.
After the equipment was put into operation and renovated, he began to carry out large-scale cultivation of edible mushrooms. According to the calculation of the 2-month cultivation cycle of each batch, 6 production batches can be completed in one year.
The cost of raw materials for each batch is about 50,000 yuan, including edible mushroom strains, culture media, mushroom sticks, etc. The 500-square-meter workshop can produce about 2,000 kg of edible mushrooms per batch. According to the market sales price of 30 yuan per kilogram, the sales revenue of a batch is about 60,000 yuan.
After deducting the cost of 50,000 yuan, the net profit of each batch is about 10,000 yuan. Operate 6 batches a year, and the total annual net profit can reach about 600,000 yuan.
On the basis of an investment of 350,000 yuan, the cost can be recovered in one year, and the profit margin exceeds 170%, which can be said to be a very considerable return. This proves from the side that the benefits of edible fungus cultivation are very considerable, and the investment prospects are very broad.
3. Edible fungus planting technology
The cultivation and management of edible mushroom facilities is relatively simple, and as long as you master the correct technical methods, you can successfully cultivate high-quality edible mushrooms. The following describes the specific process of cultivating edible fungi in facilities:
1.Workshop construction.
Choose a well-ventilated, cool and dry space as the edible fungus production workshop, which is generally based on brick-concrete structure or steel structure. The interior is divided into cultivation area, fermentation area, growth area and packaging area. And equipped with sophisticated temperature and humidity control system, environmental protection ventilation equipment, etc.
2.Media configuration.
Mix raw materials such as straw and malt powder in a certain proportion, add an appropriate amount of nutrient solution and water to adjust to a suitable humidity. The mixed medium is then filled into a stick or plastic bottle, and sterilized by high-pressure steaming, ready for the cultivation of edible fungi.
3.Culture inoculation.
Select high-quality virus-free edible mushroom strains and inoculate them into the sterilized medium to ensure the matching of inoculum amount and medium traits. After inoculation, the flask was quickly moved into the fermentation chamber and the spore generation was controlled at 25-30 °C and about 80% humidity.
4.Growth management.
Once the spores are generated, the medium can be moved into the growth chamber, where parameters such as temperature, humidity, and light are strictly controlled. It is usually maintained at 16-20°C and 85-90% humidity to allow the primordium to form colonies. Depending on the type of edible mushroom, this generation cycle takes about 1-15 months.
5.Pick and pack.
When the colony grows to a certain volume, the surface color becomes darker, and the edge is slightly curled, which means that the edible fungus has grown and matured. At this point, they can be picked for cleaning, grading, packaging and other subsequent treatments, or sold directly to the market.
6.Fumigation and disinfection.
After picking, the fungus sticks or plastic bottles cannot be discarded directly, and they need to be thoroughly fumigated and disinfected to prevent the reuse of pathogenic bacteria and avoid cross-infection. The finishing touches on each batch need to be done with care and carelessness.
7.Reuse substrates.
Some edible fungi will secrete some enzymes during the growth process, which can effectively degrade lignin and other components in the culture medium. The harvested residues can be reused as organic fertilizer or as feed additives in animal husbandry. This can further enhance the economic benefits of edible mushroom cultivation.
The whole cultivation process of edible fungi is not complicated, as long as the key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air elements are strictly controlled, the production process can be successfully completed and fruitful colonies can be obtained.
IV. Conclusions and Recommendations
Vlog check-in plan Through the above analysis, it can be seen that the cultivation of edible fungi facilities has the characteristics of low input, high efficiency and short cycle, which is very suitable as an income-generating project. Especially for small and medium-sized investors with a certain amount of capital, edible fungus cultivation can be described as unlimited opportunities.