In order to continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and promote rural revitalization, Jumping Horse Town, Yuhua District, Changsha City, combines the courtyard economy with the rural revitalization industry to create a new model of "courtyard economy + industrial development".
It is the right time to help rural revitalization with courtyard economy. In September 2022, the "Guiding Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding the High-quality Development of the Courtyard Economy in Poverty Alleviation Areas" was officially released, requiring that farmers be supported to develop the courtyard economy with high quality from the aspects of characteristic planting, characteristic breeding, and characteristic handicrafts. In recent years, under the support and guidance of policies, all parts of the country have successively carried out the development of rural courtyard economy, the development of aquaculture, the construction of characteristic tourism projects and other forms of courtyard economy in the countryside, bringing new vitality to the development of rural economy.
As a part of the optimization and construction of the rural environment, the courtyard further expands the new industrial economic form by excavating and utilizing the existing natural resources in the courtyard, and combines the local resources and cultural characteristics, so as to help the revitalization and characteristic development of local industries and realize rural revitalization. On the one hand, by providing farmhouse, pastoral tourism and other services, the tourism and agriculture will be combined, and the sales channels of agricultural products will be further broadened, the channels for farmers to increase their income, the level of economic income of rural households will be improved, and the revitalization and development of the rural economy will be promotedOn the other hand, the development of courtyard economy has led to the development of related industries, increased the opportunities for farmers to work at home, and at the same time promoted the upgrading of agricultural industrial structure, broadened the business scope of farmers, accelerated agricultural transformation and upgrading, and continuously promoted the revitalization and development of rural agricultural economy.
So, how to help the revitalization of the countryside with a small courtyard economy?In my opinion, it can be carried out in the following aspects:
To help rural revitalization with courtyard economy, planning should come first. Planning is the driving force for moving forward, and it is also the lighthouse in the voyage, illuminating the direction of progress. Without planning, there is no goal. First of all, the local government should first have a clear understanding of the labor force of rural households in the region, the economic level, whether there are idle houses or inefficient wasteland, etc., and take the town as a unit to establish a ledger by household, including family planting habits, classification of plots in front of and behind the house, and other information, grasp the local characteristic agricultural products and industries and classify them, and clarify the direction of courtyard economic development. Secondly, according to the relevant information in hand, the local government should make reasonable plans for the use of existing housing, vacant land and other resources under the condition of ensuring the combination of courtyards, industries and landscapes, so as to maximize the value of these resources themselves, highlight the characteristics of local industries, and optimize the overall living environment of rural areas. Finally, the local government combines the size of the rural courtyard space, clarifies the development orientation of the courtyard, and on the basis of meeting the needs of production, life and ecology, carries out detailed planning and arrangement of the courtyard crop varieties and planting area to ensure the smooth and sustainable development of the courtyard economy. For example, Yang Keqiang, a poor farmer in Jindingshan Community, Chunhua Town, Changsha County, with the coordination and assistance of towns, villages and enterprises, built a cultivation base covering an area of nearly 1 mu in the abandoned land of his own yard, cultivating 2,400 fruit seedlings. There are nearly 100 farmers who directly participate in this way, which not only enhances the endogenous power of farmers, but also increases the collective economic benefits of the village community, boosts the development of the production chain of enterprises, forms an industrial chain, ensures the continuity of the project, and brings benefits to farmers.
Fine management is the key element to help the revitalization and development of rural courtyard economy. Lao Tzu once said: "If a big thing is cooked small, do a big thing must pay attention to the details." Difficult things in the world must be done easily;The big things in the world must be done in detail. "The devil is in the details. Paying attention to details, implementing fine management, and grasping the details of the courtyard economy can further reduce the uncertainty in the development of the courtyard economy, and also help to improve the output and quality of the courtyard economy, improve the market competitiveness of the courtyard economy, promote the revitalization and development of the rural economy, and improve the rural environment. Therefore, in the process of revitalization and development of rural courtyard economy, fine management can be implemented from the aspects of improving the organizational system, strengthening financial support, and strengthening quality supervision: first, during the period of promoting the development of the courtyard economy, the local government should establish a sound organizational system of the courtyard economy, and promote the participation of new agricultural business entities such as farmers' professional cooperative organizations, family farms, and leading enterprises, so as to form a diversified agricultural business model. At the same time, industry associations, professional cooperatives and other organizations should play their own functions, actively participate in the development of the rural courtyard economy, and improve the degree of organization of the courtyard economy. Second, the local government should increase financial support for the courtyard economy, and guide and encourage farmers to participate in the development of the courtyard economy through financial subsidies and loan concessions. At the same time, the local government should play its own leading role, organize literary and artistic activities with related themes around the "courtyard economy", publicize the important role of the courtyard economy in the revitalization and development of the rural economy, display the achievements of the courtyard economy development at this stage, attract more social capital investment, provide financial guarantee for the development of the courtyard economy, promote the revitalization and development of the courtyard industry, and gradually improve the level of rural economic development. Third, local governments should pay attention to standardized production and management, deepen the concept of green development, promote green organic planting, breeding and other technologies, and improve the quality of agricultural products. At the same time, the relevant departments should establish a sound quality supervision system for the courtyard economy, with the help of digital technology, to achieve intelligent remote monitoring, or set up a special team, mainly responsible for the quality supervision of the development of the courtyard economy, to ensure that the use of green planting and breeding technology is in place, and other details of the work are in place, grasp the details, improve the overall product quality, and create a local brand.
Revitalize resources and create a multi-theme rural characteristic demonstration area. Local governments should proceed from reality, combine the characteristics of existing resources, and take "specialization" as the core to create a multi-theme rural characteristic demonstration area. First, build a social practice education base for primary and secondary schools. Local ** relevant departments can combine planting and picking, agricultural science popularization with education, organize agricultural practice science popularization activities, and create a characteristic social practice education demonstration area through the construction of agricultural science parks, agricultural practice parks and other places, and at the same time equip family handicraft workshops, small science parks, etc., to make it the second classroom for teaching in surrounding primary and secondary schools, so that young people can learn to apply what they have learned to practice, and cultivate their comprehensive literacy. Second, for those traditional villages with rich historical and cultural resources, the relevant local departments should be based on reality, focusing on the merger of "innovation and inheritance", and create a demonstration area for the experience and inheritance of rural cultural characteristics. Taking red culture as an example, the relevant departments can dig deep into the local red cultural resources, collect red stories, understand the deeds of revolutionary heroes, and then extract red cultural elements from the collected materials, and through artistic design, let these red cultural elements be integrated into the countryside and into the courtyard, such as building red corridors, red cultural walls, red cultural memorial halls, etc., so that the courtyard can become a place for the dissemination and inheritance of red culture, and enrich the rural cultural heritage. Third, the local government continues to carry out the construction of the rural living environment, and reasonably carries out the construction of four small gardens such as vegetable gardens, orchards, gardens and parks in accordance with the spatial layout of the courtyard, which can not only meet the needs of daily life, but also achieve certain economic benefits, accelerate the development of the courtyard economy, and create a livable rural construction demonstration area.
Strengthen publicity, set up exemplary examples, and guide rural households to participate. By strengthening publicity, we can deepen farmers' understanding of courtyard economy, guide farmers to look at courtyard economy development from a new perspective and actively participate in it, accelerate the development of courtyard economy, and gradually improve the level of rural economic development. The first is to organize a propaganda team to carry out publicity activities in the countryside, such as distributing brochures to farmers, convening village collective meetings, giving lectures on courtyard economic knowledge, and showing farmers posters and projects related to courtyard economic development, so as to introduce the concept, advantages and prospects of courtyard economy to farmers face-to-face, and stimulate their enthusiasm for participation. The second is to sort out and compile some successful courtyard economy cases, and use village radio, television, newspapers, WeChat and other channels to widely publicize the advantages and successful cases of courtyard economy, and explain relevant national policies to improve the public's awareness and recognition of courtyard economy. Or send specialists to show the successful experience and benefits of these cases door-to-door, and guide farmers to realize the advantages and potential of the courtyard economy. The third is to select some farmers with high enthusiasm and certain production skills, and focus on cultivating and guiding them, including green planting and breeding technology, agricultural product management, and the use of new technologies, so as to create a demonstration household of courtyard economy, so that other farmers can truly realize the value of courtyard economic development and actively participate in it. Fourth, the local government will take the lead in organizing competitions related to courtyard economy, stipulating that the winners can have relevant policy benefits to attract farmers to actively participate in the activities, so that they can further understand the concept and development significance of courtyard economy, and take the initiative to participate in it to promote the development of courtyard economy. Fifth, the local government can set up a long-term "outstanding farmer in the development of the courtyard economy" award, evaluate and score the farmers who have participated in the development of the courtyard economy on a quarterly basis, select the farmers with the best performance in this period, and publish the results of the current award and the basic information of the winners on the bulletin board at the entrance of the village, set an example for the villagers, play an exemplary role, and stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in the courtyard economy. At the same time, the first department should organize an award conference for each period, award certificates to the winners of this issue and praise them, encourage each other to make persistent efforts, and then the winners will make an award speech, share their own experience and useful experience in practice, so that other farmers can learn more and gain more.
Promote the development of "country house + tourism" and highlight the "characteristics" of courtyard economy. In recent years, rural tourism has been welcomed by more and more people, and all parts of the country have been under the guidance of policies to accelerate the development of rural tourism, and some results have been achieved. In this case, if the courtyard economy wants to accelerate its development, it is necessary to keep up with the development situation of the times, such as building rural characteristic homestays and launching characteristic "homestay tours" tourism projects to highlight the "characteristics" of the courtyard economy. Jing'an County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, has built the rural homestay industry as a green industry, an industry that enriches the people, and an industry that revitalizes the county, and comprehensively stimulates the vitality of rural courtyards. In order to promote the development of "country house + tourism", Jing'an County has set up a "party and mass gang" team, and set up a party member volunteer service team in the village party organization where the township is located, and provided tourists with homestay promotion, tourism guidance and other consulting services through the mode of "tourist order, branch order, and party member order". At the same time, in order to become bigger, stronger, and do a good job in leisure homestays, and cultivate leisure homestays with distinctive characteristics, high reputation, and strong influence, Jing'an County promotes homestays to improve the grade and grade of hardware construction and software supporting facilities through standardization. In addition, Shuijiao Village, Tianya District, Sanya City, integrates the vacant land and idle resources in front of and behind the house, and combines the camping theme that young people love nowadays to create restaurants, bars, cafes, campsites and other places to develop rural leisure tourism and deepen the tourism experience of tourists.
Strengthen the guidance of government and enterprise associations to provide momentum for the courtyard economy to help rural revitalization. In the development of the courtyard economy, ** and enterprises play a vital role. As the state further attaches importance to and emphasizes the development of courtyard economy, local leading departments should also cooperate with local leading enterprises to provide relevant knowledge and technical guidance for local farmers, continuously improve the planting level of farmers, and provide momentum for courtyard economy to help rural revitalization. For example, Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province, together with leading enterprises, guided villagers to plant, and adopted the "company + farmer" approach, which first benefited some people, and then drove everyone to develop together. Moreover, Nanjing County and the association will be equipped with professional instructors, mainly to provide technical guidance for farmers, including sterilization, watering, fertilization and other planting technology, therefore, first, the local government can provide financial subsidies, loan incentives, tax exemptions and other policy measures to encourage and support the development of the courtyard economy, and provide a good policy environment for the courtyard economy. At the same time, the department should formulate plans and plans suitable for the development of the local courtyard economy according to the local natural conditions, resource endowment and market demand. Second, enterprises give full play to their own advantages, cooperate with courtyard economic operators, jointly develop characteristic products, provide technical guidance, expand market channels, etc., to achieve resource sharing, complementary advantages, and improve the overall efficiency of courtyard economy. Third, the association plays a role in organization and coordination, integrates the resources of all parties, such as enterprises, courtyard economic operators, etc., to form a joint force to promote the development of the courtyard economy, and at the same time organizes technical training, experience exchange, market development and other activities to provide more support and help for farmers. Fourth, first-class enterprises and associations jointly organize technical training activities to help farmers master advanced production technology and management methods, as well as solve technical problems encountered in the production process, continuously improve the production level of farmers, and accelerate the revitalization and development of courtyard economy. At the same time, enterprises and associations can also jointly build a cooperation platform to increase the display of agricultural products, the display of courtyard economic development achievements and other functions, and organize project promotion activities to provide farmers with more cooperation opportunities and resources, broaden the sales channels of agricultural products, promote the revitalization and development of rural agriculture, help farmers increase income, and gradually realize rural revitalization.
The development of courtyard economy is an important component in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, which helps to give full play to the advantages of rural courtyard space, develop characteristic planting, breeding, handicrafts and other industries, and can also combine the construction of beautiful villages to create a courtyard landscape with local characteristics, attract tourists to visit and experience, and develop rural tourism. In short, the development of courtyard economy has a positive effect on the realization of rural revitalization. In order to speed up the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and establish beautiful villages, the local government should adapt measures to local conditions, support the development of the rural courtyard economy from the aspects of policies and funds, and at the same time unite enterprises and associations to provide professional and technical guidance to farmers, guide farmers to get started, give full play to the advantages of courtyard space and resources, create a demonstration area with rural characteristics, establish a civilized and characteristic countryside, promote the development of the courtyard industry, and continuously boost the revitalization and development of the rural economy.
Author: Long Yu, East China Jiaotong University, according to People's Daily Online).