Commentators Zhang Ziyu and Wang Jianing will introduce you to the origin of Peking Opera. Peking Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is one of the quintessences of China and the most influential opera genre in China. Since the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the four major Hui troupes performed in the south of the country have successively entered Beijing, cooperated with Han tune artists from Hubei, and at the same time accepted some repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin dialect, absorbed some local folk tunes, and finally formed Peking Opera through continuous exchanges and integration. Peking Opera originally had five lines of "Shengdan, Jing, and Late Ugly", but the "end" line was similar to the "Sheng" horn and gradually disappeared.
Xu Yuyang introduces you to the "Dan" role of Peking Opera.
Peking Opera Danjiao is a general term for female characters of different ages, personalities and identities in Peking Opera. Danjiao is divided into Zhengdan, Hua Dan, Hua Shirt, Dao Ma Dan, Wu Dan, Lao Dan and other special lines.
Zhengdan: Also known as "Tsing Yi", she mostly shows dignified and steady young and middle-aged women, who are good at singing, such as Qin Xianglian in "The Beauty Case", Li Yanfei in "Erjin Palace", etc.
Cai Dan: Also known as "Hua Dan", it mostly expresses the young and lively and pretty little jasper or Yahuan, and is good at doing work and reading white, such as the matchmaker in "The Story of the West Chamber", Sun Yujiao in "Picking up the Jade Bracelet", etc.
Dao Ma Dan: To show those female generals or female marshals, they generally have to rely on a big support, and rely on the frame in performance, such as Mu Guiying in "Mu Guiying in Command".
Lao Dan: Showing those elderly women, singing with their own voices, multiple singing skills, such as the old lady in "Matchmaker", Kang's in "Fishing for Golden Turtles", etc.
Wudan: Showing martial arts women or monster elves, wearing tight clothes, and performing heavy fights, such as the green snake in "The Legend of the White Snake", Yang Paifeng in "Fighting Jiaozan", the jellyfish in "Sizhou City", Sun Erniang in "Hitting the Shop", the white rat spirit in "Bottomless Pit", and the shopkeeper's wife in "Three Forks".
Flower shirt: Harmony with the quiet and dignified style of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan's lively and dexterous performance, the martial arts work frame of the sword and horse, a kind of singing, reading, doing, and playing Dan Jiao line, people named it Hua Shirt (the combination of Hua Dan and Qing Yi). Such as Yu Ji in "Farewell My Concubine", Xue Xiangling in "Suo Lin Bag", etc.
The four most famous schools of Danjiao are the Mei School (Mei Lanfang), the Cheng School (Cheng Yanqiu), the Xun School (Xun Huisheng), and the Shang School (Shang Xiaoyun). The four are known as the Four Famous Dans of Chinese Peking Opera.
In 1999, in order to promote the quintessence of the country, the country issued the first group of gold and silver commemorative coins of [Peking Opera Art] with the theme of the four famous Dans.
Mei Lanfang, known as Lanfang, stage name Lanfang, is a master of Chinese Peking Opera performing arts. He learned drama at the age of 8, worshiped Wu Lingxian as a teacher at the age of 9 to learn Tsing Yi, and appeared on stage at the age of 10. Later, he sought advice from Qin Zhifen and Hu Ergeng to learn Hua Dan. Before 1949, he performed in Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries, and was awarded honorary doctorates of letters from Pomona College and the University of Southern California. In 1950, he became the director of the Peking Opera Company of China. In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has formed an art school with a unique style, known as the "Mei School". His representative works include "The Drunken Concubine", "The Heavenly Maiden Scattering Flowers", "Cosmic Edge", "Fishing and Killing Home" and so on.
Xun Huisheng, a famous Peking Opera performance artist, is the founder of Xun School Art. The word Huisheng, in 1925, co-starred with Yu Shuyan in "Fishing and Killing Home", renamed Xun Huisheng, called Liuxiang, stage name White Peony, is one of the four famous Dan. Xun Huisheng has performed more than 300 plays in his life, and his representative works include "Lantern Festival Mystery", "Yutang Spring", "Qipan Mountain" and so on.
Shang Xiaoyun, the name Dequan, the word Qixia. He is a famous Peking Opera performing artist, a master of Peking Opera performing arts with far-reaching influence in China, and the founder of Shangpai art. It is one of the "Four Famous Dans" of Peking Opera. In nearly 60 years of stage practice, Shang Xiaoyun has created the art of the Peking Opera Shang School, which has a profound impact on later generations. His representative works include "Sanniang's Godson", "Zhan Puguan", "Zhaojun Out of the Plug" and so on.
Cheng Yanqiu, formerly known as Chenglin, is a famous Peking Opera performance artist, one of the four famous artists, and the founder of Cheng School Art. His representative works include "Wujia Po", "He Hou Scolding Palace", "Three High-Fives", "Yutang Spring", "Fenhe Bay" and other Tsing Yi operas that focus on singing skills, as well as "Dragon and Phoenix", "Hongni Pass", "Gong Yan Yuan" and other Hua Dan and Dao Ma Dan operas that focus on the performance of recitation and martial arts.
Chen Yuze will introduce you to the Peking Opera industry as the "last corner", the last corner performance is basically the same as the student, most of the middle-aged and elderly characters are performed, most of them are dignified and serious, speak very measured, steady movements, well-behaved, and old and serious;The character is upright and strong, brave and loyal, and righteous to kill relatives. Most of them are positive characters.
Shen Xiaotong introduces you to the fan in the Peking Opera props. Peking Opera Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou all have fan skills, but Xiaosheng, Hua Dan, and Boudoir Dan are the most, and the performances are more abundant. There are many kinds of large folding fans, small folding fans, group fans, feather fans, pu fans, bamboo fans, etc. The fan is not only closely related to the plot, but also has a great effect on the actor's body movements, which can evolve into various dance postures, express the emotions of the characters, and portray the characters' personalities. Peking Opera fan fan pays attention to "bra and martial belly, monk collar sleeves, matchmaker shoulders and boudoirs, and second-rate people flickering up and down." For example, the literati fan his chest, reflecting the chic and elegant, graceful and graceful. The military generals or flower faces have many abdomen, which is significantly happy, cool, and refreshing!The old way fan the sleeves, from the sleeve to the wind inside, looks elegant, leisurely, not in a hurry, not close to the dry, reflecting the unpredictable prophet of the fairy wind bones.