He is not a member of the Communist Party, and he has never met ***, but he is called "the first saint of modern China", and he also considers himself his student, who can get such a high evaluation?
This person is the great writer Lu Xun of the ** period, Lu Xun's writing is sharp, and he is especially good at using satire to describe the darkness of the society at that time. Many netizens ridiculed Lu Xun as "the first troll", looking at the articles he wrote, there was not a single dirty word, but readers could feel the embarrassment of the satirized person through the text.
If you only think of Lu Xun as a literati, you are very wrong, Lu Xun's contribution to China is not only to write a few good books, but to do things more like a proletarian revolutionary.
**Commented on him:"Lu Xun's value in China is, in my opinion, China's first-class saint. Confucius was a sage in feudal society, and Lu Xun was a sage in modern China. ”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** also said: ".The Red Army had two commanders-in-chief, one 'Commander Wen' and one 'Commander Wu', * being 'Commander Wu' and Lu Xun being 'Commander Wen'. ”
In February 1938, the leaders of our party unanimously agreed that " . .Art is the most powerful form of propaganda work, and it is also an effective way to get close to the lives of the masses. It is urgent to train cadres for artistic work. ”
Later, an art academy was established in Yan'an, which is called Lu Xun Art Academy, which has now evolved into Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts, which is one of the "Eight Great Academies of Fine Arts" in China.
Although the life of this master of the Chinese Cultural Revolution was short, his works are like a beacon on the road of the Chinese revolution, always illuminating the way ahead for the Chinese revolutionaries.
On September 25, 1881, Lu Xun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, originally named Zhou Zhangshou, and later renamed Zhou Shuren. The family has been a scholar for several generations, and perhaps Lu Xun's later sharp writing inherited the family's genes.
Lu Xun's grandfather Zhou Fuqing used to be a ** in the late Qing Dynasty, and his family was originally very wealthy, but Zhou Fuqing was secretly plotted by a villain in presiding over a imperial examination and framed him for personal fraud, so he was arrested and imprisoned by the imperial court and sentenced to "beheading the prison waiter".
Since then, the family has also declined, and the Zhou family has spent all their family savings in order to save the old man's life. During Zhou Fuqing's imprisonment, Lu Xun's father Zhou Boyi also fell ill, and the Zhou family invited many doctors, but these doctors were either half-baked or in the name of traditional Chinese medicine, which eventually led to his father's illness getting worse and worse, and he died at the age of 37.
In the later "The Scream", Lu Xun once said: ".Compared with what I know now, I gradually realized that Chinese medicine is just a kind of intentional or unintentional **, and at the same time, I sympathized with the deceived patient and his family. ”Combined with his father's experience, Lu Xun was somewhat dissatisfied with traditional Chinese medicine.
The life of the family seems to have fallen directly from heaven to the eighteenth layer of hell, Lu Xun saw the ugliness of human nature at a young age, when his grandfather was an official in Beijing, the people in his hometown would praise the Zhou family to the old age, and the family protégés were endless.
Now that my grandfather is in prison, everyone is hiding from the Zhou family like a plague, and when they go to buy a bun on the street, they will be cold-eyed by the hawkers, and the Zhou family has also become a topic of conversation among the people after dinner.
This huge gap left a lot of shadows in Lu Xun's heart, and most of his subsequent articles were critical, which may also be related to this experience.
So Lu Xun decided to leave this place of right and wrong and embark on the road to study, but the family's money had already been spent, where did he get the money for his studies.
Later his uncle showed him the way:"You can consider the foreign school founded by the 'Westerners', not only does it not charge tuition, but also subsidizes two taels of silver every year. ”
Lu Xun first went to school in the Nanjing Naval Academy, and the things taught in the school were indeed very advanced, such as geography, astronomy, mathematics, and foreign languages, all of which he could not learn in a private school before.
But this new school is full of pedantic, once a student drowned while swimming, and the school was worried that the ghost in the pool would not disappear, so the pool was filled. Things like this abound, whether it is a teacher or a classmate, the mind is full of feudal superstitions, this is the place where science is taught.
Lu Xun dropped out of Nanjing Sailor School in a fit of anger, but was soon admitted to the Mineral Railway School. At that time, a group of outstanding young people sent abroad by the "Westernists" had already achieved some success. For example, Yan Fu, whose translation of "The Theory of Heavenly Evolution" inspired Lu Xun a lot, and the "natural selection, survival of the fittest" mentioned in the book is also applicable to international relations.
Lu Xun's grades in the school were very good, and he finally graduated with the third place and obtained the qualification to study in Japan. Lu Xun first studied Japanese and basic courses Xi Hongwen College, and after graduation, he should have studied Xi mining and metallurgy according to the requirements of the Qing Dynasty, but his rebellious psychology always prompted him to make a decision that was different from ordinary people.
Because Lu Xun lost his father at a young age, he always wanted to be a doctor who saved lives, so he chose Sendai Medical College to study.
At that time, he was the only Chinese student in the class, and he suffered a lot of white eyes in school, but fortunately, Lu Xun met his mentor - Mr. Fujino.
At that time, Lu Xun had cut off his braids, but his Japanese classmates still humiliated him as a "monk who combed his braids", Lu Xun's academic Xi grades were average, and his classmates suspected that Mr. Fujino had leaked questions to him before the exam.
This is also described in Lu Xun's "Mr. Fujino": ".China is a weak country, so of course the Chinese are imbeciles, and a score of more than 60 points is not their own ability, and it is no wonder that they are confused. ”
Lu Xun accidentally saw a **, the Chinese Japanese are executing a Chinese, although the surrounding compatriots are strong but their eyes are dull, allowing foreigners to bully their compatriots, Chinese seem to have Xi this oppressed life.
"All foolish citizens, no matter how healthy and strong they are, can only be meaningless materials and spectators, and they should not be considered unfortunate when they die of illness. ”
Lu Xun was exposed to more and more advanced ideas in Japan, and he often reflected on what he saw and heard when he was young, and he understood more and more why China had come to this point. The Chinese are sick, this disease is mainly in the mind, since then he gradually had the idea of abandoning medicine and following literature, hoping to awaken more Chinese people by writing articles.
Soon after returning to China, the Zhou family finally ran out of gas and fell apart, and Lu Xun sold the old house that had been passed down from the family for several generations and brought his family to live in Beijing.
In Beijing, Lu Xun often thinks of his childhood in his hometown of Shaoxing, so he has ** "Hometown". "In fact, there was no road on the earth, but when there were more people walking, it became a road."This popular sentence at the end makes the reader have a lot of aftertaste.
Lu Xun's life has tasted the ups and downs of life, and he has also seen a lot of harm caused by feudal society to the people at the bottom. His rich experience has created his sharp writing.
When Lu Xun had just returned from Japan, he was just in time for Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Qian Xuan, and others to launch the New Culture Movement. Raising the banners of "democracy" and "science", these progressives have launched a fierce attack on the old culture, the old morality, and the retro forces.
With the magazine "New Youth" as the main position, they launched a vigorous movement to emancipate the mind, and Lu Xun was encouraged by Qian Xuantong and joined the New Culture Movement.
In 1918, he used the pen name Lu Xun for the first time in the magazine "New Youth" and published a shocking ** "Diary of a Madman", in which he revealed the feudal society of "cannibalism" through vivid descriptions, and launched a strong attack on the old rites and religions.
Since then, "Kong Yiji", "The True Story of Ah Q", "Medicine" and other works have been shown in front of the Chinese people through "New Youth", many lost Chinese people have seen themselves in reality in Lu Xun's **, and Lu Xun has awakened countless Chinese people with his own strength.
Most of these ** are the true portrayal of the masses at the bottom in the feudal society, Lu Xun did not mention the revolution in the text, but he used a tragic story to tell people what consequences will be brought about by obedience. It can also be said that Lu Xun's articles indirectly promoted the proletarian revolution.
After the May Fourth Movement, the main initiators of the New Culture Movement were divided into two factions. One faction is the reformist faction represented by Hu Shih, and the other faction is the Marxist revolutionary faction represented by Chen Duxiu.
Lu Xun was more inclined to the proletarian revolutionaries at that time, but he did not join the Communist Party, but relied on the pen in his hand to embark on a road of cultural salvation.
Chen Duxiu advocated using New Youth to propagate Marxism and the Chinese workers' movement, but was opposed by Hu Shih, who eventually chose to part ways with New Youth after unsuccessful negotiations. At that time, the main contributors of "New Youth" were only Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, and Zhou Zuoren.
Chen Duxiu later also mentioned the situation of "New Youth" at that time: ".After this turmoil, no one else came to the manuscript, but the Zhou brothers still came. ”
This is mainly because Lu Xun admired Chen Duxiu very much, he thought that Chen Duxiu's revolutionary spirit and adventurous spirit were very commendable, and he regarded Chen Duxiu as a pioneer of the revolution.
Lu Xun said in his 1932 "Selected Works": ".These can also be said to be 'obedience literature', but I am obeying the orders of the revolutionary pioneers, and they are also the orders that I am willing to obey, not the emperor's holy decree, let alone Jin Yuanhe's real command sword. ”
Although Lu Xun never joined any party, he had his own independent thoughts, never attached himself to others, and regarded himself as the spokesman of the proletariat.
In 1926, the warlords colluded with imperialism to suppress the marching students and the masses, creating the "March 18**" Under the suppression of the military and police, the demonstrators suffered heavy casualties and Beijing was bleeding.
Seeing this scene, Lu Xun denounced the atrocities of the reactionary ** and publicly expressed his support for the people. "A real warrior dares to face the bleak life and dare to face the dripping blood."
This popular "In Memory of Liu He Zhenjun" resonated with the masses, but it also made the reactionary ** pay attention to Lu Xun's political tendencies. So he was put on the wanted list, and Lu Xun had to live in hiding.
Fortunately, Xiamen University sent an invitation to Lu Xun, hoping that he would come to teach in the Department of Chinese Literature. So Lu Xun left the crisis-ridden Beijing, and since then he has shifted the front to the south, during which he did not stop the pace of creation at all, and completed the first episode of "Hesitation".
In 1927, Lu Xun went to Sun Yat-sen University to teach, in this year the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down, and the right wing of the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek was a member of the Communist Party throughout the country, and the vigorous Great Revolution was declared a failure.
Lu Xun believed that Chiang Kai-shek's rule was even darker than that of the Beiyang warlords, and after the "415 Guangzhou Great" incident, Lu Xun resigned angrily.
Sun Yat-sen University, considering that Lu Xun was quite prestigious among students, offered a number of favorable conditions to try to retain Lu Xun. But Lu Xun only succumbed to the truth all his life, never to money, and finally he went to Shanghai.
In 1932, Chen Geng secretly came to Shanghai from the Hubei-Henan-Anhui base area, and he often told members of the Shanghai underground party about the struggle against the Kuomintang in the Soviet area.
The members of the underground party sorted out the deeds told by Chen Geng and handed them to Lu Xun to see. Lu Xun watched it with relish and praised the fighting spirit of the people in the Soviet area one after another.
Lu Xun later specially invited Chen Geng to his home to meet, and Chen Geng later recalled: ".Mr. Lu Xun's interest was very high that day, and we talked all afternoon, and I did not leave his residence until late at night. ”
In the past, the people at the bottom of Lu Xun's pen were oppressed and insensitive at the same time, such as Kong Yiji, Runtu, Xianglin's sister-in-law, Ah Q, etc., all of whom were submissive in the "cannibalistic" society, and were unwilling to stand up and resist even if they died tragically on the street.
Lu Xun and Chen Geng talked a lot about the lives of the people in the Soviet area, and when he heard that the people in the Soviet area had picked up guns and fought for their own lives, a peaceful smile appeared on his face.
At that time, Shanghai was full of agents of the Kuomintang military command, and it was needless to say that a Communist general was invited to his home as a guest. This shows how firmly Lu Xun stood with the proletariat.
Later, Lu Xun once thought of writing a book about the Red Army, but because of his poor health, this plan was not realized. However, many members of our underground party regard Lu Xun as the most reliable person.
In 1934, Fang Zhimin was in Shanghai**, and in the face of severe torture by Kuomintang agents, he always adhered to his beliefs and did not betray the organization.
In prison, Fang Zhimin wrote "Lovely China" and other "righteous songs" of the Communists, and before leaving, he thought about how to send the manuscript to ***? The first thing he thought of was Lu Xun.
Fang Zhimin's indomitable spirit touched a prison guard, who handed over the manuscript to Lu Xun, who was also moved by Fang Zhimin's spirit after reading the manuscript and helped him fulfill his last wish.
Although Lu Xun was a person outside the party, what he did could be called a qualified proletarian revolutionary.
Because Lu Xun devoted himself to revolutionary work all his life, he became ill in his later years, and by the beginning of 1936, his shoulders, stomach, and lungs were all damaged to varying degrees.
The main reason for these problems is his creative Xi. From the age of 21, Lu Xun developed the Xi of smoking, and later after Congwen, he often smoked while thinking. Lu Xun tried to quit smoking many times, but he failed to succeed, holding a pen in his right hand and a cigarette in his left hand has become a conditioned reflex.
In May 1936, Lu Xun's body could no longer support it, and his family could only send him to the hospital.
At that time, the "Trotskyists" in Shanghai wrote a letter to Lu Xun, in which they criticized the national united front and other leaders led by our party.
On June 9, Lu Xun, who was still on his hospital bed, read the letter and angrily asked someone to write it for him, replying to the criticism of the "Trotskyists": ".Indeed, your 'theory' is much more superb than that of the gentlemen, and it is much more so, one in heaven and one on earth. However, although the superb is admirable, it is unfortunate that this superb is precisely welcomed by the Japanese invaders. ”
Just when people thought that the writer of this ** period was about to recover, Lu Xun fell ill again in mid-October, and this time he was never able to stand up again.
On the 19th, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Soviet People's Republic issued the "Letter to the Compatriots of the Whole Country and the World in Memory of Mr. Lu Xun":
"Mr. Lu Xun's glorious fighting career throughout his life has been a model for all the faithful sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, and a model for a literati who struggled for national liberation, social liberation, and world peace. ”
In order to commemorate Lu Xun, our party decided to change the name of the Soviet ** Library to Lu Xun Library, and collect Lu Xun's posthumous works, reprinted Lu Xun's works, and so on.
**At that time, I liked to read Lu Xun's books very much, and he thought that Lu Xun's ** hit the dark side of society and ruthlessly exposed the ugly side of human nature.
**The first time I learned about Lu Xun was through the magazine "New Youth", when Lu Xun often published some vernacular essays** and essays on it.
In August 1918, when he was only 25 years old and still a young man, he came to Beijing for the first time, and he went to Lu Xun's residence to visit, but unfortunately Lu Xun was not at home at that time.
At that time, many leaders of our party or literati in the party had more or less contact with Lu Xun, such as **, Zhang Wentian, Guo Moruo, contradictions, and so on. In 1937, these people came to Yan'an from the white area and often mentioned Lu Xun to them, so they became more and more impressed by Lu Xun and felt more and more the importance of Lu Xun to China's revolutionary culture.
On October 19, 1937, Yan'an Shaanbei Public School held a conference to commemorate the first anniversary of Lu Xun's death, and delivered a speech entitled "On Lu Xun" at the conference.
"Lu Xun's value in China, in my opinion, should be regarded as China's first-class sage, Confucius is a sage of feudal society, and Lu Xun is a sage of modern China. ”
After the founding of New China, the evaluation of Lu Xun not only did not change, but was upgraded. On November 20, 1971, Lu Xun was mentioned again when he talked with the party and government leaders of the Wuhan Military Region and Hubei Province.
"Lu Xun was the first saint in China. The first sage in China was not Confucius, nor was I. I am a sage, a student of a saint. ”
** and Lu Xun have never met, but they have expressed sincere affection for each other, Lu Xun once expressed in the article "Being cited as a comrade by the "**" is a self-respecting "self-honored".
After the Long March, the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, and Lu Xun often sent telegrams to ***, and also piggybacked on ham. Lu Xun once stood firmly on the side of our party during the period of Chiang Kai-shek's White Terror, and that period was the moment of life and death of our party.
**Also commented on Lu Xun:"He was not a member of the Communist Party of China, but his thoughts, actions, and writings were all Marxist. ”
In that era of "Wanjia Mo Mian has no Artemisia Lai, dare to sing and mourn", ** and Lu Xun are both strong-willed revolutionary fighters, but one focuses on criticism and the other focuses on criticism, which makes them resonate in their hearts, so they regard each other as "comrades".
**In 1945 it was said: ".Many of Lu Xun's thoughts are consistent with ***'s thoughts. "During his visit to the Soviet Union in 1949, he also said to his entourage".I love Lu Xun's books very much, and Lu Xun's heart is the same as ours.
Heng Mei coldly pointed at Qianfu, bowed his head and was willing to be a son of a cow", Lu Xun's life is like this poem written by himself, and he has been standing with the proletariat all his life.
Although Lu Xun's works often describe the masses at the bottom as pedantic, weak, and numb, "good medicine is good for disease, and good advice is good for deeds". The slightly satirical style of writing did awaken a group of people at the bottom and pushed them onto the road of revolution.
The most hated and despised thing in Lu Xun's life was an empty writer. What is an empty writer? It is those who have empty words, lack actual content, and rely on literature to gain fame and fortune.
He often said to his juniors, ".The duty of the literati is to wake up the sleeping Chinese people, those who show off their literary talents and can only praise and talk about strange things cannot be called literati, you must be qualified literati in the future. ”
The reason why Lu Xun can become a master of literature is not just because of those classic literary works. "Political vision, fighting spirit, spirit of sacrifice"., Lu Xun's spirit will endure.