Hello everyone.
Today we will lead you to learn how to successfully go ashore.
As we all know, this topic does not go beyond the scope of our museum's business, because "Successful Ashore" always occupies an important exhibition area in our Life Exploration Hall:Flora and fauna landing
Life Exploration Hall Plant & Animal Landing Scene So, from the moment our ancestors made a decision against our ancestors, the desire to go ashore has been engraved in our genes. Let's turn back a little to ...... hundreds of millions of years ago
Ashore?What shore to on??
The so-called "landing" is landing.
As for the origin of life on Earth, most opinions believe that life on Earth originated in the primordial oceans. Our ancient ancestors lived in the oceans all their lives, but we are now largely resident on land.
Clip from the movie "The Richest Man in Xihong City".
So something must have happened in between.
So, let's start with a question to answer:What are the prerequisites for landing?
That's rightIt is necessary to have "land"!
When I discovered this blind spot, the teacher in the office who studied ancient plants praised me for three minutes).
The Silurian period, which began in 43.5 billion years ago, finally 4100 million years ago, the last epoch of the Early Paleozoic Era, the successful landing of plants took place during this period. The three characteristics of the Silurian are more significant: in the early Silurian period, sea transgression formed everywhere, the middle transliteration reached its peak, and in the late Silurian period, there were different degrees of sea retreat and land rise in various places. In the late Silurian period, the crustal movement was strong, the paleoAtlantic Ocean was closed, and the collision between plates led to the rise of some trough folds, the land area expanded significantly, and the biological world also underwent a great evolution with the paleogeography.
Paleogeographic changes during the Silurian period (Paleomap Project, Christopher R.). scotese）
From adapting to the marine environment to adapting to life on land, there are countless daunting challenges that await life on Earth.
Who was the first to successfully go ashore?High Emotional Intelligence Answer: Of course, everyone who reads our article Answer in line with the materialist worldview: Let's divide it into two teams: plant landing and animal landing, and slowly introduce it. Let's start with plants. According to the fossil record, the earliest conclusive record of land plants is reported in the Middle Ordovician Grand Flat Terrace in ArgentinaCryptospores(cryptospore), lived about 4700 million to 46.7 billion years ago. Scholars generally believe that the Silurian strata in the Barrandian region of the Czech RepublicCookson fern(cooksonia) is the earliest known vascular plant. They are about 43.2 billion years. They are slender and short, generally no more than 10 cm in height, and are equally bifid, rootless, leafless, and very primitive. 
Cookson Fern Restoration Diagram (**From the Internet) found that the plants of the New World are beautiful alone on the shore, and they are also conscientiously decorating the earth: they consume the CO2 in the air, so that the CO2 content on the earth begins to decline again (eh?).Why do you say "again"??Their dead remains mix with weathered debris of rocks to form fertile soil that provides nutrients ...... other microorganisms and new plants
Ancient plants have created a habitable earth for a long time, and this land has finally ushered in new immigrantsInvertebrateswithVertebrate. The landing detachment among invertebrates is typified by arthropods, among which Arthropleura appeared 3 years ago500 million years ago, scientists deduced from the fossil record that it lived in a salt marsh at the junction of the river and the sea.
They are the largest known terrestrial arthropods (body length can reach 2 meters to 2.).6 meters). High-energy warning ahead.
Vertebrates evolved from fish, amphibians, amphibians, amphibians, and some reptiles evolved into mammals, and then humansThe other evolved into birds.
So from fish to people, we will surely achieve our goals steadily. 
The process by which fish climbed to land occurred between the Silurian and Devonian periods (4.)200 million years ago to 3600 million years ago), it took millions of years to successfully go ashore. One of the most well-known is the tiktaalik fish.
The American Museum of Natural History's fossil of the first tetrapod, the Titalik fish, was originally found in the Canadian Arctic, and it has many fish characteristics: scales, fins, and gills to breathe, but it also has some of the characteristics of a tetrapod: ribs, shoulder bones, a movable skull, and a stomatal structure for breathing above the head (proving that some lung structure has evolved).
The "fins" of the Titarik fish already possessed primitive carpal bones and simple phalanges, which could not have provided the walking function of today's quadrupeds, but could still be used to support the body and move.
How can I get ashore?This is, of course, the most important concern for us and our ancestors. It is not easy to go ashore, there are far more crises on land than in the water, and the ancestors, who are accustomed to underwater life, need to overcome at least five difficulties.
To make it easier for everyone to remember, I've compiled it into a wordic sentence that doesn't make sense:"Greenhouse for abs".。(Full of mouth, I don't have to go to graduate school).
Temperature: The temperature
Anyone who lives on land knows that water temperature varies in a small range, while on land there are drastic periodic variations.
Room: Humidity
Friends who often live on land know that the humidity on land also changes greatly, and terrestrial animals are always faced with the problem of water evaporation in their bodies. Otherwise, those moisturizer merchants won't make a lot of money
Nutrients: oxygen content
Friends who often live on land may not know that the oxygen contained in the air is at least 20 times that contained in the water, and due to the change in the respiratory medium, the respiratory system carried by the ancestors of fish from the water to the land must not be universal.
Abdomen: Buoyancy
Friends who often live on land and swim may know: water is 1,000 times denser than air, so animals don't need to bear much weight when floating on the water's appendages, but they ...... on land
My limbs can't support my majestic body.
Muscle: mechanical stimulation
At this point, I don't care if my friends know it: there are many more mechanical stimuli on land than in water, and in addition, sound and light travel in the air in a different way than in water, which requires a transformation of the senses.
Drawn by Tang Yuexin, teacher of advertising, School of Communication Science and Arts, Chengdu University of Technology.
In order to overcome these landing obstacles, the paleovertebrates of course went to great lengths to adapt their body structures to a profoundly changing environment.
The Titarik fish has met the conditions of support and movement, but it does not have real limbs, and its feeding and respiratory functions are not enough to meet the terrestrial threshold. It wasn't until 10 million years later that vertebrates with real limbs appeared:
Acanthosaurus (Acanthostega gunnari).
True limbs: structures of the humerus, radius, ulna, and distal wrist that are not present in the Titarik fish.
*Photographed in the Vertebrate Origins Gallery at the American Museum of Natural History.
However, even so, it was still a long time before I could live freely on land.
What happens when you go ashore?
About 3One day 500 million years ago, fish landed and ushered in a new era of vertebrates. The plant and animal landing event was a revolutionary step in the history of the planet. Since then, the version of the earth has continued to iterate, and finally changed in a direction that is more conducive to the evolution and habitation of organisms, so that the earth bid farewell to the silent inorganic world, and gradually evolved from simple to complex, from the sea to the land, from the lower to the higher different types of organisms, and even presented today's full of vitality.
Like all great historical events, difficulties only make victory seem more brilliant. It is thanks to these creatures who first ventured ashore that we can enjoy the rich diversity and vibrant terrestrial ecosystems we have today.
It means that it is still very rolly.
Original title: "They Successfully Came Ashore!".You can too!(Courtesy at the end of the text)" (original text with changes).
References: 1Xue Jinzhuang, Wang Jiashu, Li Bingxin, Huang Pu, Liu Le. Origin, early evolution and effects of terrestrial plants[J].Earth Science,2022,47(10):3648-3664
2.Wang Kun, Zhu Youan. Between land and sea: Molecular biology and paleontology reveal fish landing[J].Science,2021,73(04):17-20+43.Yang Anfeng, Cheng Hong, Yao Jinxian. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates (2nd ed.)[M].Peking University Press. 2008, 9. p31-32
Thank you all for reading this far