Although the development of the ancient culture of China's six major regions has been fast and slow, just around five or six thousand years ago, the spark of civilization flashed in various places like a sky full of stars, which is the "starry sky" theory of the origin of Chinese civilization. At this time, the prehistoric cultures of various regions were mainly based on the development of individuality, but they began to meet frequently, and you have me, I have you, and jointly created a pluralistic and integrated Chinese civilization.
The Liangzhu cultural area is mainly around Taihu Lake and the area between the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River, with an area of about 3650,000 square kilometers.
Liangzhu site, located in Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, dated from 3300 BC to 2000 BC, is a Neolithic cultural site and an ancient state form in eastern Asia.
The Liangzhu site is north to the southern foot of the Dasha Mountain hills in the remaining veins of Tianmu Mountain, south to Daxiong Mountain and Daguan Mountain hills, west from Maoyuan Ridge in Bottle Kiln Town, east to Liangzhu near the mountain, and the east-west span is about 115 kilometers, with a north-south span of about 7 kilometers and an area of about 100 square kilometers.
The Liangzhu site is surrounded by mountains on three sides and plains on one side, which is both safe and suitable for rice cultivation.
The ancient city of Liangzhu is composed of urban areas, settlements outside the city, water conservancy facilities, cemeteries, etc., and the urban area has an outer Guo, an inner city, and a palace, and the height of the platform in the city site gradually increases from the outer Guo, the inner city, and the palace, showing a trend of increasing levels in turn.
The area of the outer Guo is about 63 square kilometers (6.3 million square meters) with a population of about 20,000-30,000. The average width of the wall is 50 meters, and the widest point is 250 meters, in addition to the ancient city of Liangzhu, it also has the functions of living and waterproofing.
The inner city covers an area of 3 square kilometers (3 million square meters), the walls are about 6 kilometers long, and there are nine city gates, eight of which are water gates and only one land gate. Liangzhu City has a water network like Venice, full of piers and trestle bridges, water transportation extends in all directions, of course, it is much earlier than Venice, and there is no second one in the world more than 5,000 years ago.
The palace area is built on Mojiao Mountain, which is 670 meters long from east to west and 450 meters wide from north to south, with an area of about 003 square kilometers (30,000 square meters).
The water conservancy system of the Liangzhu site barrages and stores water and diverts it into a river, including the high dam at the mouth of the valley, the low dam in the plain, and the long embankment in front of the mountain. The high dam at the mouth of the valley in the mountain is 200 meters long, and the maximum crest is 15 meters. These water conservancy facilities can store more than 46 million cubic meters, about the water volume of three Hangzhou West Lake, protect the ancient city of Liangzhu, continuous rainfall of 870 mm will not endanger the urban area, a thousand years earlier than Dayu water control.
The jade artifacts unearthed from the Liangzhu site include jade cong, jade bi, jade yue, etc., and the craftsmanship is meticulous and meticulous. Yu Cong represents God, the outside is square and the inner circle, the largest volume, the most refined craftsmanship, is a ritual vessel to worship the sky, of which the king of Yu Cong weighs 65 kilograms, which are engraved with the gluttony of ancient Chinese mythical beasts. The jade Yue represents royal power and military power, resembles an axe, and also has gluttonous patterns. The jade is disc-shaped with round holes, which are used for sacrifices and to ward off evil spirits, and are also a symbol of wealth.
Zhou Li": "Make six rui with jade, give away the four directions of heaven and earth, honor the sky with cangbi, honor the earth with Huang Cong, honor the east with Qinggui, honor the south with Chizhang, honor the west with white amber, and honor the north with Xuanhuang." "This method may have been inherited from the Liangzhu culture.
Although there are no bronzes at the Liangzhu site, its overall infrastructure surpasses that of the ancient Egyptian civilization of the same era and the Sumerian civilization of the Lianghe River Valley.
The Liangzhu site is between 30°22 36 and 30°26 17 north latitude, the magical 30° north latitude, and there are also the ancient Egyptian civilization of the Nile River (80 pyramids, but no large city ruins have been found), the Sumerian civilization of the two river basins (the central city of Uruk, the city site of 2.5 million square meters), and the city of Mohenjo Darrow (the city site of 8 million square meters) in the Indus Valley.