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At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the first year of Zhongping to the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an, the Yellow Turban Uprising to Cao Pi became emperor, and in 36 years, the princes fought for hegemony. In this troubled era, Liu Zhang, as a prince, was in Yizhou for 20 years, but he finally lost his territory because he lured wolves into the house.
Liu Zhang (year of birth and death unknown), the word Jiyu, is a native of Jingling, Jiangxia. Although he was not Liu Yan's eldest son, he was able to take charge of Yizhou due to the early death of his brother. Liu Yan suggested that he should be appointed as the pastor of Yizhou, and Liu Zhang should be appointed as the lieutenant of Fengche and stay in Yizhou. In 189 AD, Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty died, and during the troubled times, Liu Yan died of illness and was succeeded by Liu Zhang. Liu Zhang's prestige was inferior to that of his father, and under his leadership, the generals Shen Mi, Lou Fa, and Gan Ning launched a rebellion, but they were suppressed.
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However, Liu Zhang faced internal and external difficulties. The relationship between Liu Biao and Liu Zhang was tense, and when Liu Yan was the pastor of Yizhou, Liu Biao once went to the court to accuse Liu Yan of trespassing. After quelling the rebellion of Gan Ning and others, Liu Zhang lost control of the Dongzhou soldiers, and the scholars colluded and tried to usurp the throne. At the same time, Zhang Lu in Hanzhong gradually broke away from Liu Zhang's control, and Liu Zhang took tough measures against his family, causing the two to break up.
In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Liu Biao died of illness, Cao Cao conquered Jingzhou, Liu Zhang paid tribute, and was crowned General Zhenwei. However, Liu Bei entered Yizhou, and Liu Zhang provided support, but Liu Bei regarded it as foreign aid. Liu Bei launched the Battle of Yizhou, but Liu Zhang was unable to resist and finally surrendered.
Three. After Liu Bei took charge of Yizhou, Liu Zhang provided him with a large number of supplies to crusade against Zhang Lu, but Liu Bei's target turned to Liu Zhang. The Battle of Yizhou broke out, the two sides fought fiercely, and Pang Tong was killed. Liu Bei eventually captured Liu Zhang, moved him to Jingzhou, and returned his belongings. Eastern Wu took the opportunity to attack Jingzhou, and Liu Zhang surrendered to Sun Quan and became the pastor of Yizhou.
Four. Although he lost his territory due to the introduction of wolves, it was not easy for Liu Zhang to be able to seize Yizhou for 20 years in the turbulent times of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Compared with other princes, Liu Zhang's ending was relatively good. Despite the twists and turns, Liu Zhang's tenacity and resourcefulness during this chaotic period are still worth pondering for future generations.
Epilogue. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, heroes emerged in large numbers, and princes competed for hegemony. Liu Zhang, as a pastor in Yizhou, although he was divided from one side, but due to internal and external troubles, he finally lured the wolf into the house and lost his territory for 20 years. His experience reflects the rise and fall of the princes in troubled times, and also leaves a deep mark on later history.
Liu Zhang's experience of separating Yizhou in the late Eastern Han Dynasty presented the image of a prince who struggled to defend his territory in troubled times. His history in power was full of twists and turns, but it also revealed the political and internal and external difficulties of the era.
First of all, Liu Zhang's secession of Yizhou in the troubled times showed his political skill in the turbulent times. In the face of a series of political changes such as the Yellow Turban Rebellion and Cao Cao's conquest of Jingzhou, although Liu Zhang did not threaten the side like some heroic generals, he showed a certain degree of decisiveness in maintaining the stability of Yizhou. He showed a certain control of the situation in quelling the Ganning rebellion and dealing with tensions with Liu Biao. However, compared with some other princes, Liu Zhang's political skills were obviously a little softer, and perhaps it was this gentle personality that led to his later lure of wolves.
Secondly, Liu Zhang's fate also reveals the reality of the impermanence of the fate of the princes in troubled times. His submission to Cao Cao's conquest of Jingzhou, and his later capture by Liu Bei and eventual surrender to Eastern Wu, reflect the uncertain fate of the princes at the time. Liu Zhang may have been the hegemon of one side, but in the face of political pressure and external threats, he finally had to make compromises and concessions, which is a true portrayal of the political predicament of the princes of that era.
In addition, Liu Zhang's secession of Yizhou also highlights the inevitability of political wrestling and internal contradictions in troubled times. His tense relationship with Liu Biao, the problem of controlling the Dongzhou soldiers, and his break with Zhang Lu were all political issues that arose in a special historical context. The accumulation of these problems eventually led to the end of his luring of the wolf. In troubled times, princes not only had to face the threat of external enemies, but also had to deal with internal political strife at all times, which made the regime even more vulnerable.
In general, Liu Zhang's historical experience in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was a process full of twists and turns. His secession of Yizhou, his political skills, the twist of fate, and the eventual introduction of the wolf into the house are all microcosms of the political whirlpool of that era. This history not only provides us with a window into the fate of princes in troubled times, but also allows us to reflect on how leaders should respond and make trade-offs in the changing political situation.
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