Learning Xi Disorders丨A guide to pediatrics
A learning Xi disorder is a developmental neurological disorder in which a school-age child has persistent difficulties with reading, writing, numeracy or mathematical reasoning skills and current academic skills are well below the average level of reading, writing or mathematics required by their culture and languageIn various studies, "learning Xi disorders" are generally divided into dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia.
Due to the lack of sufficient understanding of learning Xi disorders by many parents, children with learning Xi disabilities are always unduly scolded and reprimanded, which eventually leads to psychological trauma to children, which is not only difficult to progress academically, but also may affect the child's personality development.
One. Awareness-raising assignments**
1.Visuospatial and executive function training
Puzzles, copying various planes and three-dimensional graphics, building blocks according to **, etc.;Item sorting training;Hypothetical problem handling, etc.
2.Attention and numeracy training
Assignments, math games, visual tracking, multi-sensory training, etc.
3.Memory training
Instruct children with Xi disabilities to use memory skills such as association method, storytelling method, orientation method, and segmentation method to improve memory effectInstruct children with Xi disabilities to use appropriate assistive devices, such as notepads, cards, etc., to assist in the completion of daily schoolwork and Xi.
4.Language training
Through the retelling of short texts, storytelling, reading newspapers or listening to songs, and learning to sing, the fluency of language and the clarity of expression are trained, so as to achieve the purpose of learning Xi course.
5.Time and learning XiXi inertial training
It should be repeatedly trained and strengthened, and emphasis should be placed on practical application. Time orientation, informing specific school Xi, work and rest time, and providing calendars and other tools to help children with learning Xi disabilities gradually establish a sense of time;Parents are required to supervise Xi and strict work and rest time.
Two. Homework to improve behavioural problems**
1.The principle of rewards over punishment
For example, if a child cries willfully, some parents will compromise and immediately meet the child's demands, and the willful behavior at this time is formed due to the reinforcement of the parents' compromiseIf ignored, the act will be eliminated. However, if you reach a consensus with your child in advance, when the child behaves well and does not cry willfully, he will be rewarded with praise and little red flowers, so that the child will be more willing to do things that are rewarded and honored.
2.Suspension Act
The biggest difference between "pause" and "reduction" is that reduction removes the negative reinforcement that causes undesirable behaviors in children. For example, if a student is naughty in class, and the teacher and classmates ignore it, it is "subtract", and the teacher brings him into the next empty room and stays alone for 5 minutes to "pause", and parents can use this method appropriately.
3.The cost of reaction
The cost of the reaction is to deprive or remove the positive reinforcer that is the time of positive coupling, thus reducing the incidence. For example, children like things that children like to watch TikTok, watch TV, and other things that children expect, and it is obviously unpleasant for children to deprive them of these, so in order not to be deprived of these rights, children will naturally inhibit the occurrence of target behaviors.
Three. Homework to address dyslexia**
There are many ways to treat dyslexia, including controlling the action of writing by improving fine motor skills through homework, and also strengthening muscles and improving proficiency.
Children with dysgraphia should also be evaluated for "two hands", which may affect fine motor skills in childhood;Children with dysgraphia can also be allowed to use assistive devices, such as a complete handwriting device or a calculator instead of working.
1.Color recognition
Use different colors to mark the radicals of the written Chinese characters, and let children use colors to repeatedly stimulate visual stimulation to deepen their impressions.
2.Tactile intensification
The Chinese characters are engraved on the template, and the children are asked to fill in the characters with their fingers according to the order of the strokes, and the memory is completed by repeatedly stimulating the motor tactile organs.
3.Repetitive memory training
Write with your hand on the back of your child's hand so that they can distinguish it from their memory.
4.Literacy cognition
Writing simple words can teach children to read and write at the same time, and to read out strokes, completing the memory process through sensory stimulation.
Warm tips from Guangzhou Angel Children's Hospital
Learning Xi disorders will not only lead to poor academic Xi and poor grades, but also make children lose confidence in themselves, which will not only affect their current studies, but also affect their future work and life. If parents find that their children's writing is always missing words, multiple words, and it is difficult to understand simple mathematical concepts, they should seek help from a regular hospital as soon as possible, and the sooner the intervention is effective, the better.