1. The small intestine is the main part of absorbing nutrients, and it is generally believed that most of the digestive products of sugar, protein and fat are absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum. Ions (calcium, iron, chloride, etc.) are also absorbed in the anterior part of the small intestine, and bile salts and vitamin B12 are actively absorbed in the ileum.
The main site of iron absorption in the intestine is the duodenum.
2. The hormone that promotes the secretion of gastric juice is gastrin. Gastrin, also known as gastrin, is a hormone that can be found in the human body and is produced by the G cells of the gastric antrum, duodenum and upper jejunum, and its main role is to stimulate the secretion of gastric acid and pepsinogen.
3. The virulence factor of bacteria refers to the bacterial components or secreted products that constitute the virulence of bacteria, mainly including virulence factors and toxins related to bacterial invasiveness. Among them, toxins are divided into endotoxins and exotoxins, and endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides produced by cleavage of gram-negative bacteria cellsExotoxin is a toxic substance secreted into the body by Gram-positive bacteria and a few Gram-negative bacteria in the process of growth and reproduction, and is treated with formaldehyde to produce toxoid, which can stimulate the body to produce antitoxin, and antitoxin has the effect of neutralizing free exotoxin. Adhesin is a general term for the structural components of bacteria with adhesion, usually some macromolecular structural components on the surface of bacteria, such as the fimilia of gram-negative bacteria, outer membrane proteins, lipoteichoic acid of gram-positive bacteria, etc.
4. Japanese encephalitis virus belongs to the flaviviridae flaviviridae genus, and the genome is a single-stranded positive RNA, which causes reproductive disorders when the virus infects breeding pigs.
5. Porcine pseudorabies is an infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus infection in the family Posviridae. Clinical signs: The body temperature of newborn piglets rises after infection, dyspnea, followed by neurological symptoms, circle movement, limb stroke-like movement or convulsions before death, exhaustion death, and the mortality rate of piglets before 15 days of age can be as high as 100%.
After the infection of pregnant sows, cough and fever appeared, followed by abortion, birth of stillbirth, mummification and other reproductive disorders, mainly stillbirth. Gilts and empty sows are not in heat. The dead sows had pinpoint-sized hemorrhage spots in the kidneys, meningeal congestion, hemorrhage and edema, and scattered grayish-white necrotic spots in the liver and spleen.
Fattening pigs have mild symptoms after infection, manifested as fever, cough, and constipation. Most pigs develop respiratory symptoms. Other animals were infected with itching and neurological symptoms, which ended in death.
6. Porcine circovirus disease causes weaning failure syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome and reproductive disorders in sows. Lymph nodes throughout the body, especially in the groin, mediastinum, hilar and mesentery, and submandibular lymph nodes, are markedly enlarged. The kidneys are swollen, grayish-white, and hemorrhage occurs at the junction of the cortex and medulla. Diffuse intermittent pneumonia. The key measures for the prevention and control of this disease are vaccination, 2 times of immunization of sows 1 month before breeding, and 1-2 times of immunization of 2-3 weeks old piglets, with an interval of 3 weeks each time, which can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality rate.
Fattening pigs, 6 weeks old, dyspnea, dysentery, anemia, jaundice, emaciation, and obvious swelling of inguinal lymph nodes. On autopsy, there is swollen lymph nodes all over the body, enlarged kidneys and hemorrhage at the junction of the cortex and medulla, and rubber-like lungs. If the piglets are protected by maternal immunization, the time of vaccination of the sow is 1 month before mating.
7. The sow is 3 years old, ** and mucosal yellowing, hematuria, miscarriage, weak litter, stillbirth, diagnosed as a mutually zoonotic disease, both human and zoonotic (mutual) zoonotic diseases include tuberculosis, anthrax, Japanese schistosomiasis, leptospirosis, etc. Among them, leptospirosis is an important and complex zoonotic natural infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospira of different serotypes. The clinical manifestations are fever, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, hemorrhagic diathesis, miscarriage, ** and mucosal necrosis, edema, etc.
8. The main distinguishing symptom between nephropathy and acute nephritis is hematuria.
9. The best principle of livestock meningoencephalitis is antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, reducing intracranial pressure.
10. When there is mania in animal meningoencephalitis, the first choice of the first drug is ambromide injection.