On October 1, 1950, at this exciting and exciting moment, people of all ethnic groups across the country excitedly poured into the streets to celebrate the first birthday of the motherland.
**After participating in the National Day ceremony, when I was about to go back to Zhongnanhai Juxiang Book House to deal with official business, I had been waiting for a long time*** hurriedly stepped forward and handed over a letter of help sent by Kim Il Sung's special envoy Park Ilwoo:
The enemy's landing force was already linked with the troops of the southern front, cutting off our northern and southern forces, and as a result, our KPA on the southern front was in an unfavorable situation of being cut off and divided by the enemy. Therefore, we have to ask you to give us special assistance, that is, in the event that the enemy attacks the area north of the 38th parallel, we are anxious for the Chinese People's Liberation Army to directly dispatch to assist our army in the battle!
In the summer of 1950, with the founding of the People's Republic of China, people living in Beijing also actively resumed work and production, and the bustling scene in front of Beijing's Changmen Street was restored.
But on the other side of the Yalu River in northeastern China, large-scale armed disputes between the two Koreas began to erupt in January 1949 near the 38th parallelOn June 25, 1950, the Korean War broke out when the sun rose over the horizon and cast the first rays of the morning on the Korean Peninsula.
Because the United States was fantasizing about building a strategic defense line near East Asia at that time, the outbreak of the Korean War also gave the United States a "perfect excuse" to send troops to East Asia, and it was eager to immediately take the Korean Peninsula into its pocket.
In order to achieve the goal of invading North Korea, the United States did not hesitate to tear its skin and carry out a covert operation against the UN Security Council in the absence of the Soviet representative, forcing the Security Council to adopt the proposal it had drawn up to assist Syngman Rhee.
When the mighty "United Forces" were preparing to invade North Korea, the US Seventh Fleet also openly sailed into the Taiwan Strait at the signal of the United States, constantly provoking China's bottom line.
At this time, the Chiang dynasty seemed to grasp the last straw, and affectionately grabbed the arm of the visiting joint ** commander-in-chief MacArthur, and Chiang Kai-shek even printed a photo of himself and MacArthur and put it on the front page of Taiwan newspapers, as if announcing to the world that he had the support of the United States behind him.
At the same time, ** and others also received a top-secret telegram from Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek was discussing with MacArthur at this time, hoping that the "joint **" could accept a Kuomintang force to fight in Korea. After pondering for a moment after receiving this secret report, he quickly saw through Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy
If the US-led coalition completely occupies Korea, then Chiang Kai-shek will definitely push the US to move westward and cross the Yalu River to attack northeast China. The US Seventh Fleet, which has long been docked in the Taiwan Strait, will cooperate in the operation and attack China's southeastern provinces, and Chiang Kai-shek will be able to reap the benefits of the fisherman at this time and realize his wolf ambition on the mainland.
Although we have already made up our minds on the matter of sending troops to the DPRK after considering it in many ways, many comrades still raised objections to this, believing that our country is in ruins and the economy has not yet recovered, how can we rashly send troops to fight?
At this time, the war situation in Korea was already 100,000 urgent, and China and North Korea were a cloth of water, and after many meetings and discussions, they finally overrode public opinion and formally issued an order on October 8, 1950, appointing *** as the commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteers, and leading the Chinese People's Volunteers to fight in Korea.
Before becoming the commander-in-chief of the United States, MacArthur, who was the president of the United States Military Academy at West Point and the chief of staff of the Army, had accumulated a lot of prestige in World War II, and even Truman of the United States at that time had been his adjutant.
In addition, MacArthur was also very jealous of the rising new China: "The communist conspirators have chosen Asia to set out to conquer the world!"”
MacArthur, who wanted to make great achievements in the Korean War again, was also carried away by the successive victories, and began to cross the 38th parallel, burning the war to the area of the Yalu River, and MacArthur also ignored the dissuasion of American think tanks, firmly believed that China would not send troops to fight in Korea.
And *** also deduced from MacArthur's rampant marching method: the US side concluded that China would watch from the sidelines and would not send troops!MacArthur, who had already figured it out, would not have expected that in late October 1950, the People's Volunteers would have crossed the Yalu River in high spirits, preparing to drive the so-called "United **" back to the Pacific Ocean.
Before the battle officially began, ** had also telegraphed to the Volunteer Army Headquarters where Mr. Peng was located: We must fight the first battle of entering the DPRK, only when this battle is fought well, can the morale of our volunteers be boosted!
Although the joint ** at this time was far superior to the Volunteer Army in terms of quantity and equipment, only two infantry divisions and one mechanized division in the United States were equipped with a total of 1,500 tank guns and anti-aircraft guns of 7-24cm, but only 36 artillery pieces of the same specification were available in one army in China.
However, from ancient times to the present, there are not a few battles in which fewer victories are more, even if the United States at that time was extremely strong, but as long as the art of war is appropriate, the enemy can be defeated.
According to the instructions of ***, Mr. Peng quickly transferred the 1st Army to the Western Front to fight, and the 40th Army advanced to Tokugawa and Ningyuan;The 39th Army marched to Gucheng and Taecheon;The 38th Army rushed to Xichuan;The 42nd Army was assigned a division to hold the Changjin Lake area on the eastern front, and was ready to engage the South Korean Capital Division and the Third Division, giving full play to the tactics of sniping on the eastern front and attacking on the western front.
However, when the Volunteer Army of the Western Front was engaged with the South Korean Army in the Onjeong area, the South Korean Army accidentally broke into the assembly area of the Volunteer Army, and the position of the Volunteer Army and the direction of the march were prematurely exposed.
Mr. Peng had no choice but to temporarily adjust the plan, and in order not to expose the target, this vanguard detachment from the 6th Division of South Korea was wiped out by the volunteers in an instant.
After solving this small trouble, the volunteers marched covertly again, because the US army at this time had complete air supremacy, in order to prevent the march route from being exposed, the volunteers wittily lit a smoke screen in the forest, in order to avoid the detection of the US ** team.
After the battle of Liangshuidong began, the 39th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army was also ordered to fight and prepare to take Yunshan. Although the volunteers did not have any advanced ** except mortars, the soldiers of the volunteers always used shells on the blade, and exchanged the least artillery fire for the greatest victory.
After several battles, the volunteers keenly discovered that this group of American GIs was not good at night combat and white-knuckle combat, and every time they were cut off from the back road, this group of American GIs would throw away all their heavy ** like frightened birds.
When the volunteers attacked the U.S. troops from behind and cut off the supply lines of the U.S. troops, the volunteers would disperse their forces and set up an offensive formation, trapping the U.S. troops firmly in this circle.
After the volunteers scattered and fled the 1st Cavalry Division, known as the "ace division" of the United States, in Yunchuan, MacArthur also began to re-examine the opponent of the Chinese People's Volunteers.
But even at this time, MacArthur was too late to recall, and in the next few battles, the volunteer army was still overwhelming, and MacArthur, who had always been arrogant, was also hatted by the US Congress because of successive defeats, and his student Li Qiwei took over the post of joint ** commander-in-chief.
Soon after Li Qiwei became the commander-in-chief of the "United **", the two sides of the "United **" were about to start a decisive battle in Cheorwon, a small Korean town known as the "navel" of the Korean Peninsula.
Although the city may look unremarkable, it is strategically located by three railways connecting North and South Korea.
What worries Mr. Peng even more is that the United States, which enjoys absolute control in the air at this time, is already in the rear supply line of the volunteers, and if the US army captures Cheorwon at this time, the hundreds of thousands of volunteers who cannot get logistical supplies such as food and ammunition will be in a dilemma.
In January 1951, when Li Qiwei was studying the war briefing in the joint ** command, he was suddenly attracted by several sets of data on the report:
From October 26 to November 4, 1950, the Volunteers spent a total of 8 days launching a large-scale ambush against the United **;From November 25 to December 2, 1950, the Volunteer Army once again launched a fierce attack on the United **, this time also lasting 8 days;From December 31, 1950 to January 8, 1951, the Volunteer Army also spent 8 days to take Seoul.
After some simple calculations, Li Qiwei was attracted by the frequent appearance of the word "8" in the briefing.
After a few days of observation, Li Qiwei gradually figured out the marching rules of the volunteers, because the volunteers could only use the food and ammunition they carried with them as daily supplies, so their offensive posture could only last for a week at most, and if they could control the supply lines of the volunteers, it would be equivalent to choking the throat of the volunteers.
Ridgway, who was desperate to use a victory to wash away the shame of repeated defeats for the United League, immediately ordered Lieutenant General Van Vliet, the commander-in-chief of the front, to immediately retreat back at a speed of about 30 kilometers a day, and try to avoid close combat with the volunteers, and night battles should be completely avoided.
After issuing this military deployment to the "United **", Li Qiwei said in his chest: "Use long-range artillery to attack the volunteers, so as to inflict the greatest damage on the volunteers!"”
When the physical strength of the volunteers was almost consumed, Li Qiwei gave another order to launch an attack on the volunteers, and Li Qiwei proudly named his set of tactics "magnetic tactics".
As long as he mobilizes the US air force, firepower, and logistical superiority, he can avoid a head-on confrontation with the volunteers who are good at close combat and night battles and interspersed with roundabouts, and when the large army of the volunteers is exhausted by his own tossing, the US army can successfully pick the fruits of victory near the 38th parallel.
When the "magnetic tactics" were officially applied to the battlefield, the US military really tasted some sweetness, but the courage and perseverance shown by the volunteers in the battle between the two sides always made the US military feel frightened.
Despite the fact that the Volunteers' logistical supply lines were constantly destroyed by the U.S. Air Force, and the Volunteers could only rely on a little fried noodles every day to satisfy their hunger and melt snow water to quench their thirst, the Volunteers still took full control of the Cheongpyeongcheon Bridge over the North Han River a few days later.
On April 26, 1951, the U.S. troops once again retreated during the battle, and a charge trooper of the Volunteer Army directly rushed through the 38th parallel while pursuing the U.S. troops, capturing the second position arranged by the United Nations in South Korea.
Two days later, the 19th Corps, the 3rd Corps on the right flank, and the 9th Corps on the left flank of the Volunteer Army launched another offensive, successfully taking the remaining territory of the second position of the "United **".
But the joy of victory did not excite the volunteers for too long, because the supply line has been cut off, the logistics problem has become a big problem for Mr. Peng.
What worries Mr. Peng even more is that in the past battles with the United **, the United ** generals would only blindly suppress the firepower, and they did not understand the ingenious strategy and tactics at all, but this time the marching situation made Mr. Peng smell something unusual from it, and the enemy is likely to play the trick of "luring the enemy deep" with the volunteers.
Just when Mr. Peng was worried, according to the latest battle report from the front, the "United **" had destroyed all the food and ammunition that might have been captured by the volunteers on the spot when they retreated.
Seeing that the enemy was so "broken", Mr. Peng realized with many years of experience in leading troops that if the front-line troops were not withdrawn in time, they were likely to fall into a joint encirclement.
Once this encirclement is formed, the officers and men of the Volunteer Army will completely fall into a situation where they are running out of ammunition and food, and the main force of the Volunteer Army will also be "united to make dumplings". Mr. Peng, who realized that he could no longer continue to be involved in danger, immediately ordered:
The front-line troops quickly withdrew and retreated to the vicinity of the "38th Parallel" for strategic defense, and each corps left one corps to one regiment for mobile defense to drag the enemy forward!
But Li Qiwei obviously will not let go of this God-given opportunity, when the Volunteer Army is about to be withdrawn, Li Qiwei concentrated the strength of 13 divisions of the four armies to launch a ** against the Volunteer Army.
On the day that Li Qiwei issued the first order, he quickly assembled more than 1,000 fighters and launched an offensive against the logistics supply lines of the Volunteer Army again, preparing to completely cut off the supply of the Volunteer Army and greatly weaken the combat effectiveness of the Volunteer Army.
After several fierce battles, part of the troops withdrawn from the front line of the volunteers finally moved to the small city called Cheorwon, which is an extremely important transportation hub on the Korean Peninsula and a necessary place for the Seoul-Pyongyang railway line, from which the volunteers transferred supplies and mobilized troops.
The soldiers of the Volunteer Army, who have experienced several desperate battles with the "United **", also need to resupply here, and ensure that Cheorwon City will never fall into the hands of the "United **". In addition to Cheorwon's own transportation capacity, Cheorwon's own geographical location is also very important.
Cheorwon Castle is surrounded by mountains, but the north of the city is a whole continuous large plain, Cheorwon also forms a ** triangle with the other two cities in the central part of the Korean Peninsula, Jinhua and Pyongkang, as long as you occupy Cheorwon Castle, you can easily launch a general attack to the north.
In the battle plan formulated by Li Qiwei for the "joint **", Cheorwon was the most critical link in it, because the three main corps of the Volunteer Army and one Korean corps were stationed south of Cheorwon at this time.
If the "United **" can occupy Cheorwon in one fell swoop, then these four corps will be divided by the "United **" and will be at the forefront of the front.
9. The troops of the 3rd and 19th Corps, totaling 100,000 people, will also be completely besieged by the "United **".
Cheorwon, which was originally unknown, became the key to which side the balance of victory in the Korean War was tilted in. Li Qiwei couldn't help but be complacent, believing that under his own plan, the main force of the Volunteer Army would soon be defeated by himself, and the Korean War would be completely ended by the defeat of the Volunteer Army.
After recovering from his fantasies, Ridgway gave Van Vleet, commander of the US Eighth Army, a military order: "Be sure to take Cheorwon and block the retreat of the Volunteers!"”
In less than an hour, the U.S. military poured 4,000 tons of ammunition on the positions of the volunteers, in a vain attempt to suppress them with extreme firepower to bring the volunteers to their knees.
In the face of the encirclement designed by Li Qiwei, Mr. Peng, who had led the troops for many years, was also a little hesitant for a while, and he didn't know how to arrange the troops in order to let more than 100,000 volunteers break through this tighter and tighter pocket.
Since the troops that could be called at this time were not in Tieyuan, Mr. Peng had no choice but to call the front-line troops, but the response of the front-line troops suddenly made Mr. Peng's heart half cold: "It will take seven days for the troops to arrive at the earliest, and it will take at least half a month for all the troops to be withdrawn!."”
In desperation, Mr. Peng had to pin his last hope on the 63rd Army that had just withdrawn from the front line, it stands to reason that the 63rd Army urgently needs to be repaired nearby at the moment, but due to the critical situation at this time, Mr. Peng still handed over this tough battle to the 63rd Army: "We must hold on to Tieyuan for another 15-20 days!."”
Army Commander Fu Chongbi also solemnly assured Mr. Peng: "We are determined to fight to the last man, and we will never let Van Vleet advance half a step!"”Under the stubborn resistance of the 63rd Army, the United ** was dragged for 14 days, and during the day the enemy took advantage of its equipment advantage to seize positions, but at night, these positions would be recaptured piece by piece.
Cheorwon Castle, which was originally surrounded by mountains and rivers and lush vegetation, was also burned to the ground by gasoline bombs dropped by the enemy during these 14 days, and half of Cheorwon Castle was turned red by artillery fire.
It was precisely these 14 days that the officers and men of the Volunteer Army exchanged their blood and flesh for winning precious time for our army to rebuild the front.
It is often said that the authorities are obsessed with bystanders, and after a little thought, Mr. Peng asked the telegraph operator to take an urgent telegram to ***, who was looking at the overall situation in China.
When this telegram appeared on ***'s desk, ** lit a cigarette as usual, and took the topographical map of the Korean Peninsula and studied it carefully.
At this time, Mr. Peng, who was commanding on the battlefield in Korea, could not help pacing back and forth in the command post, and it was difficult to sit still, but when the signal corps handed over a telegram from Beijing to Mr. Peng, Mr. Peng, who had a bitter face just now, suddenly became energetic and couldn't help but be amazed again and again.
The telegram sent only had eight simple words: "Give up rescue and replace defense with attack," and it was these eight words that became the key to reversing the situation in Cheorwon.
At this time, it is true that 100,000 volunteers are besieged, but instead of sending troops to rescue, it is better to take the initiative.
Since Li Qiwei has set up a Hongmen banquet and is waiting for us to send troops to the rescue, no matter how many troops we send, it will not be able to quench our thirst, and a long march will make the officers and men of the volunteer army tired, which is not conducive to the soldiers to fight.
Thinking of this, Mr. Peng resolutely gave up rescuing Tieyuan, but ordered the 63rd Army to hold back the advance of the "United **", and instead concentrate superior forces to go around the back of the "United **", attack the weakest right-wing army in Li Qiwei's encirclement, avoid a head-on confrontation with the "United **", and outflank part of the "United **", instantly defeating the already fragile psychological defense line of the "United **".
Under the strategic guidance of *** and the real-time command of Mr. Peng, the main force of the trapped Volunteer Army was successfully withdrawn, and the encirclement battle carefully designed by Li Qiwei was completely bankrupt.
On June 30, 1951, after more than eight months of hard fighting, the United States once again lowered its noble head.
The US committee member immediately issued instructions, and Li Qiwei formally signaled "peaceful armistice talks" to Kim Il Sung, supreme commander of the Korean People's Army, and ***, commander of the Chinese People's Volunteers.
At the beginning of January 1951, Ridgway made the decision to abandon Seoul just a week after taking office: "I am well aware that we will be forced to abandon some positions, but I hope that the troops will retreat in an orderly manner along the entire line after careful survey and careful construction of rear positions." ”
After the 27th Regiment, which had served as the rearguard, retreated, Ridgway picked up the family photo frame on his desk and pinned one of his pajamas to the wall.
After doing all this, Li Qiwei picked up a pen and wrote a sentence on the wall: "The commander of the Eighth Army respectfully greets the commander-in-chief of the squadron!"”
Although Li Qiwei had just taken office at this time, he had already seen the individual combat ability of the Chinese People's Volunteers, and chose to avoid its edge by evacuating Seoul, but at this time, Li Qiwei had not given up his ambitions, and was still fantasizing about planning a ** like the Inchon landing.
But after the Tieyuan blockade, Li Qiwei once again realized the bloody nature of the Chinese people, and in "Li Qiwei's Memoirs", Li Qiwei still had lingering palpitations when recalling the battle with the Chinese People's Volunteers: "The eyes of the (American) soldiers are empty, and the people of every company are panicked, they just want to stay away from the Chinese's rubber shoes and horns!"”
In July 1953, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea finally won a complete victory, and the bloody struggle of the Chinese People's Volunteers in this war not only smashed the attempt of US imperialism to interfere in the internal affairs of the DPRK, but also completely demonstrated our national prestige and prestige.
As Mr. Peng said: "The era when Western colonizers could occupy a country for hundreds of years as long as they put a few cannons on the eastern coast is gone!"”