First, the bill of quantities ** preliminary preparation.
Before bidding, all the information related to ** must be prepared, and the quality of these materials directly affects the success or failure of the bidding.
The information that needs to be prepared before bidding mainly includes: bidding documents, design documents, construction specifications, relevant laws and regulations, internal quotas and consumption quotas with reference value, enterprise labor, materials, machinery and system information, and other information that can be inquired, financial statements related to the project and data resources accumulated by the enterprise, geological data and surrounding environment conditions of the proposed project, the situation of the bidding opponent and the bidding strategy commonly used by the opponent, the situation of the tenderer and the financial situation.
All of these are the basis for determining the bidding strategy, and only with comprehensive first-hand information can the bidding strategy be determined quickly and accurately.
The information that bidders need to prepare before ** can be divided into two categories:
One is public, any project must be used, bidders can be accumulated in ordinary daily life, such as norms, laws, regulations, internal quotas and systems, etc.;
The other type is unique information, which can only be used for bidding projects, which can only be collected after obtaining the bidding documents, such as design documents, geology, environment, competitor information, etc.
The information to determine the bidding strategy is mainly unique information, so bidders should pay special attention to this part of the information. If the bidder wants to show the core competitiveness when bidding, it must have a certain strategy and have advantages that are different from other bidding competitors, mainly from the following aspects.
1) Master comprehensive design documents.
The bill of quantities provided by the tenderer to the bidder is prepared according to the design drawings and specification rules, and the drawings may not be reviewed, and there will inevitably be such and such problems in the construction process, which is the design change, so the bidder should analyze the construction drawings in combination with the actual project before bidding, and understand the possibility of changes in the list of items in the construction process It is necessary to be low, only in this way can the risk be reduced and the maximum profit can be obtained.
2) On-site survey of the construction site.
The bidder should survey the construction site before preparing the construction plan, and understand and survey the site and the surrounding environment and the available information related to the project. The field survey of the construction site is mainly carried out from the following aspects:
The shape and nature of the site, including the conditions below the surface;
Hydrological and climatic conditions;
the scope and nature of the work and materials required for the construction and completion of the works and for the repair of any defects thereof;
the means of entering the site, as well as the accommodation required by the bidder, etc.
3) Investigate the environment associated with the proposed project.
The bidder should not only survey the construction site, but also understand the environment of the project location in detail, including the political situation, economic situation, laws and regulations, customs and Xi, natural conditions, production and living conditions, etc., and the content of each part is shown in the table.
4) Investigate the tenderer and competitors.
1.Investigate the tenderer.
The investigation of the tenderer should focus on the following aspects:
Whether the funds are reliable and avoid taking too much capital risk;
Whether the project commencement procedures are complete, beware of some employers in the name of bidding, let the bidder estimate it free of charge;
Whether there is a clear tendency to award the contract, and whether the tender is only a form that has to be taken out of pressure from the first.
2.Investigate competitors.
Competitor research should focus on the following aspects:
Understand how many competitors participate in the bidding, and which of them are threatening, especially the contractor where the project is located, and there may be preferential bid evaluation;
According to the above analysis, the main competitors were screened out, and their previous bidding methods for similar projects, the usual bidding strategies, and the problems raised at the bid opening meeting were analyzed.
Bidders must know themselves and their opponents in order to develop a practical bidding strategy and improve the likelihood of winning the bid.
Second, the bill of quantities ** common strategy.
a) Unbalanced strategy.
The bill of quantities strategy is to ensure that the maximum economic benefits are obtained under the condition that the price is competitive.
Knowledge tips.
Bill of Quantities**.
A commonly used bill of quantities strategy is unbalanced, that is, under the premise that the total is fixed, the unit price of some sub-projects is increased, and the unit price of other sub-projects is reduced.
The unbalanced** strategy is used for two purposes: first, to obtain payment for the project as soon as possibleThe other is to get as much money as possible for the project. The usual practice is as follows, as follows.
Appropriately increase the unit price of sub-projects in early construction, such as earthworks and foundation works, and reduce the unit price of sub-projects in later construction.
For projects where the drawings are not clear or there are errors, it is estimated that the amount of work will increase in the future, and the unit price can be appropriately quoted higherCorrespondingly, for projects where the description of the project content is not clear, and it is estimated that the project quantity will be cancelled or reduced in the future, the unit price can be quoted lower, and it is conducive to future claims.
For projects that only fill in the unit price and have no engineering quantity, the unit price can be appropriately increased, because it does not affect the total bid price, and then once the project is implemented, the profit is very considerable.
For tentative projects, it is estimated that the unit price of projects that will occur in the future can be appropriately increased;Correspondingly, it is estimated that the possibility of tentative projects will occur in the future is relatively small, and the unit price should be appropriately reduced.
The unit price of common sub-project projects, such as reinforced concrete, brick wall, stucco and other projects, can be quoted lower, and the unit price of uncommon sub-project projects, such as gillnet fence and other projects, can be appropriately increased.
If the bidding documents require some sub-projects to report the "unit price analysis table", the labor cost and machinery and equipment cost in the unit analysis table can be quoted higher, and the material cost can be quoted lower.
For the sub-project with a small amount of work, the unit price can be quoted lower, so that the tenderer feels that the unit price on the list has dropped significantly, reflecting the sincerity of the concession, and this part of the cost does not have a big impact on the total cost.
2) Multi-scheme method.
For some bidding documents, if it is found that the scope of the project is not very clear, the terms are unclear or very unfair, or the technical specifications are too harsh, it is necessary to fully estimate the bidding risk on the basis of the multi-scheme method, that is, according to the original bidding documents to quote a price, and then propose, such as a certain clause to make some changes, how much can be reduced, so that a lower price can be quoted, which can reduce the total price and attract tenderers.
3) ** of the unit price of daily work.
If it is simply reported as a daily unit price, and is not included in the total price, it can be quoted higher, so that the tenderer can make more profits when using additional labor or construction machinery;However, if the unit price of daily workers is to be included in the total **, it is necessary to specifically analyze whether to report **, so as not to raise the total **. In short, it is necessary to analyze the number of daily workers that the tenderer may use after the start of construction, and then determine the best policy.
4) Low bidding strategy.
Bid at a low price and then win the opportunity to create a competitive advantage in the second phase of the project and make a profit in the subsequent implementation. The purpose of some construction enterprises is not to profit from the current project, but to focus on long-term development, for a long period of time, the bidder does not have a project under construction, if the bid is not awarded, it is difficult to survive. Therefore, although the project is not profitable, as long as there is a certain amount of management fee to maintain the daily operation of the company, it can try to overcome the temporary difficulties and try to develop again.