First, the concept of budget quotas.
The construction project budget quota refers to the quantity standard of labor, materials and construction machinery necessary for the completion of a certain unit of measurement of sub-projects or structural components under normal and reasonable construction conditions, as well as the reasonable consumption of value and currency. The construction project budget quota shall be prepared and issued by the competent departments or authorized units of the state or provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.
The current construction project budget quota is based on the construction quota, but the principle of determining the two quota levels is different. The budget quota is based on the average working hours consumed by the society, and the budget quota basically reflects the average social levelThe construction quota reflects the average advanced level.
Because the budget quota is more variable factors than the construction quota, it is necessary to retain a reasonable level range difference, that is, the level of the budget quota is relatively lower than the construction quota level, and the general budget quota level is about 10 lower than the construction quota level.
Knowledge tips.
Budget quota. The budget quota is mainly used to determine the project budget cost, while the construction quota is the basis for determining the project plan cost and cost accounting. Generally speaking, the division of construction quota projects is more detailed and more accurate than the budget quota, which is the basic information for the preparation of budget quotas.
Second, the role of budget quotas.
The specific functions of the construction project budget quota are as follows:
It is the basic basis for preparing the construction drawing budget and determining the project budget cost
It is the main basis for the technical and economic evaluation of the design scheme and the technical and economic analysis of the new structure and new materials
It is an important basis for the implementation of bidding, investment contracting, and bidding and contracting system
It is the basis for the construction enterprise and the construction unit to handle the project settlement
It is the basis for construction enterprises to carry out economic accounting and assessment of project costs;
It is one of the important tools for the state to carry out unified plan management of capital construction;
It is the basis for the preparation of budget estimates.
3. The content and use of the budget quota.
In order to facilitate the determination of the consumption indicators of labor, materials and machinery shifts of each sub-project or structural component, as well as the corresponding standard of value and monetary performance, the budget quota is compiled into a book in a certain order, and the budget quota compiled into a book is called the construction project budget quota manual.
The construction project budget quota manual is composed of a catalog, a general description, a building area calculation rule, a sub-project description and its corresponding quantity calculation rules, a quota item table and relevant appendices, etc., as shown in the table.
The specific use of budget quotas is described in Chapter 1 of this book, "Valuation of Construction Work Quotas".
Budget estimates. 1. Budget estimates.
Conception. The estimated budget quota for construction projects is formulated and issued by the state or the competent department, stipulating the quantitative standards for the labor, materials, machinery consumption and costs required to complete the construction project expansion structural components, sub-projects or expansion of sub-projects in a certain unit of measurement, so it is also called the expansion of structural quotas.
Knowledge tips.
Budget estimates. Budget estimate quota refers to a quota between budget quota and budget estimate index, which is appropriately synthesized, expanded and combined according to representative design drawings and standard drawings on the basis of the corresponding budget estimate quota or comprehensive budget estimate quota.
Since the budget estimates are prepared on the basis of the budget quotas, which have been appropriately consolidated, consolidated and expanded, there is a distinction between the two. It is mainly manifested in the following two points.
The budget quota basically reflects the average level of society, while the budget estimate quota correctly reflects the design, construction and management level of most enterprises or departments under normal circumstances in order to meet the requirements of planning, design and construction in the process of preparation. The level of the budget estimates is basically the same as that of the budget quotas, but a necessary and reasonable range difference should be retained between them, so that the estimates prepared with the budget estimates can control the construction drawing budgets prepared with the budget quotas.
The budget quota is divided and numbered according to the sub-project or structural components, while the budget estimate quota is based on the image part of the project, mainly based on the main structure division, and some sub-projects with cohesive construction sequence and greater relevance in the budget quota are combined into a sub-project. For example, the brick-built exterior wall project in the budget estimate quota includes six sub-projects in the budget quota, such as bricklaying, reinforced brick lintels, brick flat beams, reinforced concrete lintels, and telescopic joints (or plastering). It can be seen that the budget estimate quota simplifies the calculation procedure compared with the budget and saves time and trouble in both the quantity calculation book and the preparation of the budget estimate. Of course, its accuracy is also relatively reduced.
Second, the role of budget estimates.
The specific functions of the proposed budget quota are as follows.
The budget estimates are the basis for the preparation of capital investment plans.
The budget estimate quota is the basis for conducting feasibility studies on construction projects, preparing general budget estimates and design task books, controlling capital construction investment, assessing construction costs, comparing the advanced rationality of design schemes, determining the budget for loans, appropriations and construction drawings for capital construction projects, and carrying out final accounts for completion.
The budget estimate quota is the calculation basis for the construction and installation enterprise to prepare the construction organization design outline or general design, and to draw up the general construction schedule, main materials and equipment application plan.
The budget estimate quota is the basis for the preparation of budget estimate indicators, investment estimation indicators and the regular settlement of project prices.
3. The content of the budget estimates.
The estimated budget quota is a quota manual compiled according to regional characteristics and professional characteristics, and its content is basically composed of text descriptions, quota items and appendices.
For example, the estimated budget quota of a provincial construction project mainly includes four parts: general description, civil engineering, plumbing and ventilation, and electrical lighting.
a) General Instructions.
In the general description, the basis for the preparation of this quota, the principle of compilation, the division of the manual, the role of the quota, the scope of application and the issues that should be paid attention to in use are expounded.
2) The contents of the fascicle.
Each fascicle is arranged according to the professional construction sequence and structural parts, and is divided into chapters. For example, the fascicle of civil engineering includes the description of the fascicle, the rules for calculating the construction area, earthwork, foundation engineering, wall engineering, scaffolding engineering, beam and column engineering, floor engineering, housing cover engineering, door and window engineering, acid resistance and anti-corrosion engineering, plant engineering and structure engineering, etc. The table shows the form of the budget estimate of the double-sided clear water wall part of the civil engineering fascicle.
Composition and application of the manual for budget estimates.
1) The composition of the budget estimate quota manual.
On the whole, the manual of budget estimation and quota is mainly composed of a table of contents, a general description, a description of the fascicle, a building area calculation rule, a chapter (section) description, a quantity calculation rule, a quota item table, a note and an appendix.
Due to differences in regional and professional characteristics, some are only included in individual fascicles. For example, the rules for calculating the floor area are only available in the civil engineering fascicle. As for the issues to be explained and elaborated on by the components, they are basically similar to the budget quota manual.
(ii) Application of the Budget Estimate Quota Manual.
The estimated budget quota is mainly used for the preparation of budget estimates, and the text description of the quota should be carefully read before use, and on the basis of familiarity with the drawings, the quantity of the project should be accurately calculated, the quota should be applied and the estimated cost of the project should be determined. The method of checking the quota item, the representation of the quota number, the determination of the unit of measurement, and the meaning of the terms and symbols used in the quota are basically the same as those of the budget quota.
In addition, if the individual components of some items in the quota are inconsistent with the design, they should be adjusted and converted according to the quota provisions.
Example 4-1] The two-brick exterior wall of a project is 1200m2, and the design exterior wall frontage is brushed stone, and the engineering quantity is 800m2, and the rest is cement mortarThe inside surface is plastered with mixed mortar and whitewashed, and the estimated cost of the two brick exterior walls is calculated.
Solution] In a province, there is only a double-sided plastered wall project in the estimated budget quota of brick exterior walls, so it needs to be adjusted, and the method is as follows.
1) From the quota item list, it is found that the base price of double-sided plastered two-brick exterior wall is 332446 yuan 100m2, then the cost of double-sided plastering exterior wall is.
12×3324.46=39893.52 (yuan).
2) From the internal and external walls, wall skirts and local decoration increase tables, it is found that the base price of the external wall partial plastering brush stone is 22897 yuan 100m2, then the additional cost is 8 22897=1831.76 (yuan).
3) Calculate the estimated cost of the exterior wall of the two bricks.
Estimated cost = 3989352+1831.76=41725.28 (yuan).